High performance austenitic stainless steels differ substantially from more conventional grades with regard to resistance to corrosion

and, in some cases, also mechanical and physical properties. This is mainly due to the high contents of chromium, nickel, molybdenum
and nitrogen. High performance austentic stainless steels have good weldability and excellent formability. Outokumpu manufactures a
number of steels of this type: 904L, 254 SMO

,4565 and 654 SMO

. Grade 4529 can also be delivered if specified.

Typi c al appl i c at i ons
Process equipment in chemical industry
Bleaching equipment in the pulp and paper industry
Flue gas cleaning
Desalination
Seawater handling
Hydrometallurgy
Food and beverage
Pharmaceuticals
Heat exchangers

St andar ds & appr oval s
Outokumpu produce and certify materials to most international and national standards. Work is continuously on-going to get the
different grades approved for relevant standards. The most commonly used international product standards are given in the table below.




Standard Designation
ASME SA-240M Code Sect. II. Part A UNS N08904
ASTM A240/A240M UNS N08904
EN 10028-7, PED 97/23/EC 1.4539
EN 10088-2 1.4539
EN 10088-4 1.4539
WUHAN Doc. No. 050MPS-MA-12P UNS N08904


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Pr oduc t s & di mensi ons


Cold rolled products available dimensions in mm




Continous Hot rolled products available dimensions in mm




Coil / Strip Plate / Sheet
Finish Thickness Width Thickness Width
2B Cold rolled, heat treated, pickled, skin passed 1,50-6,00 800-2032 1,50-6,00 300-2032
2E Cold rolled, heat treated, mech. desc. pickled 0,40-6,00 36-2032 0,40-6,00 300-2032
2H Work hardened 1,90-2,10 400-1300
2R Cold rolled, bright annealed 0,05-1,50 3-1050 0,10-1,20 5-1050
Coil / Strip Plate / Sheet
Finish Thickness Width Thickness Width
1C 1C 2,00-65,00 400-3000
1D Hot rolled, heat treated, pickled 6,00-10,00 96-2032 2,00-65,00 300-3000


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Quarto plate products available dimensions in mm




Coil / Strip Plate / Sheet
Finish Thickness Width Thickness Width
1C 1C 2,00-65,00 400-3000
1D Hot rolled, heat treated, pickled 2,00-65,00 400-3000


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Process pipes ASME B36.19M available dimensions

Sc hedul e
DN mm NPS OD mm 5S/5 10S 40S/STD 80S/XS
10,00 3/8 17,10 1,65
15,00 1/2 21,30 1,65 2,11 2,77
20,00 3/4 26,70 1,65 2,11 2,87 3,91
25,00 1 33,40 1,65 2,77 3,38 4,55
32,00 1 1/4 42,20 1,65 2,77 3,56 4,85
40,00 1 1/2 48,30 1,65 2,77 3,68 5,08
50,00 2 60,30 1,65 2,77 3,91 5,54
65,00 2 1/2 73,00 2,11 3,05 5,16 7,01
80,00 3 88,90 2,11 3,05 5,49 7,62
100,00 3 1/2 101,60 2,11 3,05 5,74 8,08
4 114,30 2,11 3,05 6,02 8,56
125,00 5 141,30 2,77 3,40 6,55
150,00 6 168,30 2,77 3,40 7,11 10,97
200,00 8 219,10 2,77 3,76 8,18 12,70
250,00 10 273,00 3,40 4,19 9,27 12,70
300,00 12 323,90 3,96 4,57 9,53 12,70
350,00 14 355,60 3,96 4,78 9,53 12,70
400,00 16 406,40 4,19 4,78 9,53 12,70
450,00 18 457,00 4,19 4,78 9,53 12,70
500,00 20 508,00 4,78 5,54 9,53 12,70
550,00 22 559,00 4,78 5,54 9,53 12,70
600,00 24 610,00 5,54 6,35 9,53 12,70
26 660,00 9,53 12,70
700,00 28 711,00 9,53 12,70
30 762,00 6,35 7,92 9,53 12,70
800,00 32 813,00 9,53 12,70
34 864,00 9,53 12,70
900,00 36 914,00 9,53 12,70
38 965,00 9,53 12,70
1000,00 40 1016,00 9,53 12,70
42 1067,00 9,53 12,70
1100,00 44 1118,00 9,53 12,70
46 1168,00 9,53 12,70
1200,00 48 1219,00 9,53 12,70
52 1321,00 9,53 12,70
54 1372,00 9,53 12,70
56 1422,00 9,53 12,70
60 1524,00 9,53 12,70
64 1626,00 9,53 12,70
68 1727,00 9,53 12,70
72 1829,00 9,53 12,70
76 1930,00 9,53 12,70
80 2032,00 9,53 12,70
Represent standard dimension, normally keept in stock
Dimension available on request


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Process pipes ASME B36.10M available dimensions

Sc hedul e
DN mm NPS OD mm 10 20 30 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 XXS
10,00 3/8 17,10 1,65
15,00 1/2 21,30 2,11 2,77
20,00 3/4 26,70 2,11 2,87 3,91
25,00 1 33,40 2,77 3,38 4,55
32,00 1 1/4 42,20 2,77 3,56 4,85
40,00 1 1/2 48,30 2,77 3,68 5,08
50,00 2 60,30 2,77 3,91 5,54
65,00 2 1/2 73,00 3,05 5,16 7,01
80,00 3 88,90 3,05 5,49
100,00 3 1/2 101,60 3,05 5,74 8,08
100,00 4 114,30 3,05 6,02 8,56
125,00 5 141,30 3,40 6,55
150,00 6 168,30 3,40 7,11 10,97
200,00 8 219,10 3,76 6,35 8,18 10,31 12,70 15,09
250,00 10 273,00 4,19 6,35 9,27 12,70 15,09 21,44 25,40 28,58 25,40
300,00 12 323,90 4,57 6,35 10,31 14,27 17,48 21,44 25,40 28,58 33,32 25,40
350,00 14 355,60 6,35 7,92 9,53 11,13 15,09 19,05 23,83 27,79 31,75 35,71 25,40
400,00 16 406,40 6,35 7,92 9,53 12,70 16,66 21,44 26,19 30,96 36,53 40,49 25,40
450,00 18 457,00 6,35 7,92 11,13 14,27 19,05 23,83 29,36 34,93 39,68 45,24 25,40
500,00 20 508,00 6,35 9,53 12,70 15,09 20,62 26,19 32,54 38,10 44,45 50,01 25,40
550,00 22 559,00 6,35 9,53 12,70 22,23 28,58 34,93 41,28 47,63 25,40
600,00 24 610,00 6,35 9,53 14,27 17,48 30,96 38,89 46,02 25,40
26 660,00 7,92 12,70 30,96 38,10 41,28 44,45 25,40
700,00 28 711,00 7,92 12,70 15,88 30,96 38,10 41,28 44,45 25,40
30 762,00 7,92 12,70 15,88 30,96 38,10 41,28 44,45 25,40
800,00 32 813,00 7,92 12,70 15,88 17,48 30,96 38,10 41,28 44,45 25,40
34 864,00 7,92 12,70 15,88 17,48 30,96 38,10 41,28 44,45 25,40
900,00 36 914,00 7,92 12,70 15,88 19,05
1000,00 40 1016,00 14,27 15,88 17,48 19,05
42 1067,00 11,13 14,27 15,88 17,48 19,05
1100,00 44 1118,00 11,13 14,27 15,88 17,48 19,05
46 1168,00 11,13 14,27 15,88 17,48 19,05
1200,00 48 1219,00 11,13 14,27 15,88 17,48 19,05
52 1321,00 11,13 14,27 15,88 17,48 19,05
54 1372,00 11,13 14,27 15,88 17,48 19,05
56 1422,00 11,13 14,27 15,88 17,48 19,05
60 1524,00 11,13 14,27 15,88 17,48 19,05
64 1626,00 11,13 14,27 15,88 17,48 19,05
68 1727,00 11,13 14,27 15,88 17,48 19,05
72 1829,00 11,13 14,27 15,88 17,48 19,05
76 1930,00 11,13 14,27 15,88 17,48 19,05
80 2032,00 11,13 14,27 15,88 17,48 19,05
Represent standard dimension, normally
keept in stock
Dimension available on request


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Chemi c al c omposi t i on
The typical chemical composition for this grade is given in the table below, together with composition limits given for this grade according
to different standards. The required standard will be fully met as specified on the order.

C Mn Cr Ni Mo N Other
Typical 904L 0.010 20.0 25.0 4.3 Cu:1.5
050MPS-MA-12P UNS N08904 0.020 2.00 19.0-23.0 23.0-28.0 4.0-5.0 Cu:1.0-2.0
ASME II A SA-240 UNS N08904 0.020 2.00 19.00-23.00 23.0-28.0 4.00-5.00 0.10 Cu:1.0-2.0
ASTM A240 UNS N08904 0.020 2.00 19.0-23.0 23.0-28.0 4.0-5.0 0.10 Cu:1.0-2.0
EN 10028-7 1.4539 0.020 2.00 19.0-21.0 24.0-26.0 4.0-5.0 0.15 Cu:1.20-2.00
EN 10088-2 1.4539 0.020 2.0 19.0-21.0 24.0-26.0 4.0-5.0 0.15 Cu:1.2-2.0
EN 10088-4 1.4539 0.020 2.0 19.0-21.0 24.0-26.0 4.0-5.0 0.15 Cu:1.2-2.0


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Mec hani c al pr oper t i es
The mechanical properties of the available products are given in the table below.


R
p0.2
R
p1.0
R
m
A
5
Impact strength Rockwell HB HV
MPa MPa MPa % J

Product type: Cold rolled coil and sheet

Typical (Thickness 1mm) 904L 340 375 655 55
050MPS-MA-12P UNS N08904
ASME II A SA-240 UNS N08904 220 490 90HRB
ASTM A240 UNS N08904 220 490
EN 10028-7 1.4539 240 270 530 - 730 35
EN 10088-2 1.4539 240 270 530 - 730 35
EN 10088-4 1.4539 240 270 530 - 730 35

Product type: Hot rolled coil and sheet

Typical (Thickness 4mm) 904L
ASME II A SA-240 UNS N08904 220 490 90HRB
ASTM A240 UNS N08904 220 490
EN 10028-7 1.4539 240 270 530 - 730 35
EN 10088-2 1.4539 240 270 530 - 730 35
EN 10088-4 1.4539 240 270 530 - 730 35

Product type: Hot rolled quarto plate

Typical (Thickness 15mm) 904L 260 285 600 50 155
050MPS-MA-12P UNS N08904 220 490 70 - 90HRB
ASME II A SA-240 UNS N08904 220 490 90HRB
ASTM A240 UNS N08904 220 490 90HRB
EN 10028-7 1.4539 220 260 520 - 720 35
EN 10088-2 1.4539 220 260 520 - 720 35
EN 10088-4 1.4539 220 260 520 - 720 35

Product type: Wire rod

Typical 904L 260 300 600 50


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Typical values for Standard steels for comparsion

Physi c al pr oper t i es
The physical properties at room temperature are shown in the table below. Data according to EN10088 or EN10095.
Cor r osi on r esi st anc e
Uniform corrosion
Uniform corrosion occurs when all, or at least a large section, of the passive layer is destroyed. This typically occurs in acids or in hot
alkaline solutions. The influence of the alloy composition on the resistance to uniform corrosion may vary significantly between
different environments; chromium is essential for ensuring the passivity of stainless steels, nickel helps reduce the corrosion rate of
depassivated steel, molybdenum enhances passivity (except for strongly oxidising environments, such as warm concentrated nitric acid)
and copper has a positive effect in the presence of reducing acids such as dilute sulphuric acid. In an environment with constant
temperature and chemical composition, uniform corrosion occurs at a steady rate. This rate is often expressed as a loss of thickness per
unit time, e.g. mm/y. Stainless steels are normally considered to be resistant to uniform corrosion in environments in which the
corrosion rate does not exceed 0.1 mm/y. Impurities may drastically affect the corrosivity of acid solutions. For guidance on materials
selection in a large number of environments capable of causing uniform corrosion, the tables and iso-corrosion diagrams in Outokumpu
Corrosion Handbook may be consulted.

Pitting and Crevice corrosion
Chloride ions in a neutral or acidic environment facilitate local breakdown of the passive layer. As a result, pitting and crevice corrosion
can propagate at a high rate, causing corrosion failure in a short time. Since the attack is small and may be covered by corrosion
products or hidden in a crevice, it often remains undiscovered until perforation or leakage occurs.
Resistance to pitting corrosion is determined mainly by the content of chromium, molybdenum and nitrogen in the stainless steel. This
is often illustrated using the pitting resistance equivalent (PRE) for the material, which can be calculated using the formula: PRE = %Cr
+ 3.3 x %Mo + 16 x %N. The PRE value can be used for rough comparisons of different materials. A more reliable means, however, is
to rank the steel according to the critical pitting temperature (CPT) of the material. There are several different methods available, for
example ASTM G 150 that uses the Avesta Cell with a 1M NaCl solution (35 000 ppm or mg/l chloride ions). The CPT-values are
shown in the table below. Higher contents of chromium, molybdenum and nitrogen also enhance the crevice corrosion resistance of the
stainless steel. Typical values of the critical crevice corrosion temperature (CCT) in 6% FeCl3 + 1% HCl according to ASTM G48
Method F are included in the table below. The CPT and CCT values vary with product form and surface finish, the values given are for
ground surfaces. Both ASTM G150 and G48 are methods for ranking the relative pitting or crevice corrosion resistance for the different
stainless steels but they do not give the maximum temperature for using these alloys in real service environments.
R
p0.2
R
p1.0
R
m
A
5
Impact strength Rockwell HB HV
MPa MPa MPa % J

Product type: Cold rolled coil and sheet

Typical (Thickness 1mm) 2205 690 740 880 47

Product type: Hot rolled coil and sheet

Typical (Thickness 4mm) 2205 630 725 840 30 250

Product type: Hot rolled quarto plate

Typical (Thickness 15mm) 2205 510 750 35 230

Product type: Wire rod

Typical 2205 510 750 35
OK
Grade
Density
Modulus of
elasticity
Thermal exp. at 100
C
Thermal
conductivity
Thermal
capacity
Electrical
resistance
Magnetisability
kg/dm
3
GPa 10
-6
/C W/mC J/kgC m
2205 7.8 200 13 15 500 0.8 Yes
904L 8.0 195 15,8 12 500 1.0 No


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Stress Corrosion Cracking
Conventional stainless steels such as 4307 and 4404 are sensitive to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) under certain onditions, i.e. a
special environment in combination with tensile stress in the material and often also an elevated temperature. Resistance to SCC
increases with the increased content of above all nickel and molybdenum. This implies that the high performance austenitic steels 904L,
254 SMO

, 654 SMO

and 4565 have very good resistance to SCC.

PRE Pitting Resistant Equivalent calculated using the formula: PRE = %Cr + 3.3 x %Mo + 16 x %N
CPT Corrosion Pitting Temperature as measured in the Avesta Cell (ASTM G 150), in a 1M NaCl solution (35,000 ppm or mg/l
chloride ions).
CCT Critical Crevice Corrosion Temperature is the critical crevice corrosion temperature which is obtained by laboratory tests
according to ASTM G 48 Method F

CPT according to ASTM G150. Wet
ground to 120 grit
CPT according to ASTM G48E. Dry
ground to 120 grit
CCT according to ASTM G48F. Dry
ground to 120 grit
Pitting corrosion resistance Crevice corrosion resistance
OK Grade PRE CPT CCT
2205 35 523 20
904L 34 623 10


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Fabr i c at i on
Machining
Austenitic stainless steels work harden quickly and this, together with their toughness, means that they are often perceived as
problematic from a machining perspective, e.g. n operations such as turning, milling and drilling. However, with the right choice of
tools, tool settings and cutting speeds, these materials can be sucessfully machined. For further information contact Outokumpu.
Welding
All the highly alloyed austenitic steels are well suited for welding and the methods used for welding conventional austenitic steels can
also be used on 904L. However, due to the stable austenitic structure, it is somewhat more sensitive to hot cracking in connection with
welding and generally welding should be performed using a low heat input.On delivery, sheet, plate and other processed products
have a homogeneous austenitic structure with an even distribution of alloying elements in the material. Solidification after partial
remelting, e.g. by welding, causes redistribution of certain elements such as molybdenum, chromium and nickel. These variations,
segregation, remain in the cast structure of the weld and can impair the materials corrosion resistance in certain environments.

Mor e i nf or mat i on
A number of publications regarding this steel grade are available for downloading from our publications system. The downloads can be
found under Products/Useful Tools Online/Publications. Below are a few publications that might be of interest.

High Performance Austenitic Stainless Steel - 904L. 254 SMO

. 4529. 4565. 654 SMO

Material data sheet presenting the properties for Outokumpu Stainless most corrosion resistant alloys.

Acom 2010 Ed:4
Acom chronicle 1980-2010
J. Gunnarsson
Superaustenitic stainless steels in demanding environments
M. Liljas. C. Canderyd. R. Pettersson. M. Willfr
Lean duplex - the first decade of service experience
E. Alfonsson
80 years with duplex steels - a historic review and prospects for the future
M. Liljas
30 years with acom (index) - in order
30 years with acom (index) - by subject

Acom 2007 Ed:4
Stainless Steels for Flue Gas Cleaning - laboratory trials. field tests and service experience.
B. Beckers. A. Bergquist. C.-O. A. Olsson. M. Snis. and E. Torsner. Outokumpu Stainless AB

Acom 2003 Ed: 1
In-Plant Corrosion Testing in Ozone Bleaching Environments
Pekka Pohjanne and Marko Siltala

Acom 2003 Ed:4
Stainless steels for SWRO plants high-pressure piping. properties and experience MSF chambers of solid duplex stainless steel

Acom 2007 Ed:3
Stainless Steel for Hydrometallurgy Plants
J. Olsson








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Di sc l ai mer

Cont ac t s & Enqui r i es
Information given in this brochure may be subject to
alterations without notice. Care has been taken to ensure
that the contents of this publication are accurate but
Outokumpu and its affiliated companies do not accept
responsibility for errors or for information which is found
to be misleading. Suggestions for or descriptions of the
end use or application of products or methods of working
are for information only and Outokumpu and its affiliated
companies accept no liability in respect thereof. Before
using products supplied or manufactured by the company
the customer should satisfy himself of their suitability.
Outokumpu is a global leader in stainless steel. Our
vision is to be the undisputed number one in
stainless, with success based on operational
excellence. Customers in a wide range of industries
use our stainless steel and services worldwide. Being
fully recyclable, maintenance-free, as well as very
strong and durable material, stainless steel is one of
the key building blocks for sustainable future.
What makes Outokumpu special is total customer
focus all the way, from R&D to delivery. You have
the idea. We offer world-class stainless steel,
technical knowhow and support. We activate your
ideas.

Commercial enquiries
Contact nearest sales office, see
http://www.outokumpu.com

Technical enquiries
Outokumpu Stainless AB, Avesta Research Centre
Box 74, SE-774 22 Avesta, Sweden
Tel. +46 (0)226 810 00, Fax +46 (0)226 810 77


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