1.

2 Heat Recovery Pintch

In order to make heat transfer between each stream in our plant become
effecient, we have to conduct some method to analyse heat transfer that possible
to be recover in our plant, by contacting hot stream and cold stream. Those
methods are: graphical method, problem table method, and display it with pinch
design method.

1.2.1 Graphical Method
Graphical method is a method which represent the relation curve between
the temperatures with its energy (in power). The temperatures are the cold
temperature and the hot temperature. Based on the cold and hot fluid data
information in the previous section, now we can display them in graphics. In this
method each cold and hot curve is mixed together in a grafic, so by showing this
graphic we can see the number of heat that can be recover. Here are we provide
some graphic that respresent the cold and hot curve before compostion, cold and
hot curve in composite shape and also cold hot curve mixed in one graphic.


Figure 1.X Cold Fluid Curve before Composition
(Source: Authors Internal Data)

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Heat Flow (MW)
LNG
Ammonia

Figure 1.X Cold Fluid Composite Curve
(Source: Authors Internal Data)


Figure 1.X Hot Fluid Curve before Composition
(Source: Authors Internal Data)
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Heat Flow (MW)
Ammonia
Exhaust Gas
2
3
4
5

Figure 1.X Hot Fluid Composite Curve
(Source: Authors Internal Data)

Now we have two graphics, they are cold fluid composite curve and hot
fluid composite curve. We can combine them into one graphic, which is called
cold and hot fluid composite curve. This new graphic is used to get heat recovery.
Here is the graphic:


Figure 1.X Hot and Cold Fluid Composite Curve
(Source: Authors Internal Data)
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Heat Flow (MW)
Hot Fluid
Cold Fluid
The position of the pinch is located based on the minimum temperature
difference between the hot fluid and the cold fluid composite curve. We can either
move the cold fluid composite curve or the hot fluid composite curve, to the right
or left in order to make the minimum difference of temperature. Hot fluid has the
higher temperature so heat transfer can be done. Based on figure above we do not
have to making a move to each stream because those graphic has fulfiil the
specification to make a pinch temperature with hot and fluid curve.


Figure 1.X Hot and Cold Fluid Composite Curve after Pinch
(Source: Authors Internal Data)

Based on the graphic above, the pinch is finally located, the cold fluid is in
-23.826
o
C and the hot fluid is in -20.419
o
C using the difference 3.408
o
C. If we see
this the result from calculation and graphic the pinch temperature is only 3
3.408
o
C, this is allowable for this case, because this case is operate in very low
temperatur so this system need very small temperature approach. Based on that
graphic above, we can calculate the need for the cold utility (for the region below
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Heat Flow (MW)
Hot Fluid
Cold Fluid
Heat Boundary
Heat Bondary 2
pinch point, we do not have to add some utiization because the heat from those
stream are enough to make heat transfer of each stream into their final
temperature that we determine). Based on the graphics result and calculation, on
our plant there is need cold utilization to deacrease the temperature of hot fluid, so
indirectly we have to add some amount of utilization so temperature of hot fluid
can be decreased and their temperatue (cold fluid utilization) will increase. The
number of cold utilization that must be added is: 4,802 MW

1.2.2 Problem Table Method
Another method that can be used to define and to optimize a Heat
Exchanger Network is Problem Table Method. This method is done by dragging
cold composite curve to above as from the different of minimum temperature
and by dragging hot composite curve to bottom as from the different of
minimum temperature. So, it is produced a result like these:

Table 1.X Cold Fluid Table
Sort T Plus 1/2 dT Cold Fluid
70,000 71,704 1
7,589 9,293 1 1
6,589 8,293 1 1
5,000 6,704 1 1
-37,947 -36,243 1 1
-98,772 -97,068 1 1
-99,761 -98,057 1 1
-160,201 -158,497 1
Cp(Mw/K) 0,218 4,431 0,253 0,207 27,631 0,148
(Source: Authors Internal Data)


Table 1.X Hot Fluid Table
Sort T Min 1/2 dT Hot Fluid
1500 1498,296 1
211,748 210,044 1 1
186,368 184,664 1 1 1
170,502 168,798 1 1 1 1
153,343 151,639 1 1 1 1 1
140,000 138,296 1 1 1 1 1
100,000 98,296 1 1 1 1
40,130 38,426 1
28,000 26,296 1
-26,419 -28,123 1 1
-27,419 -29,122 1 1
-38,000 -39,704 1
Cp(MW/K) 0,264 35,043 0,091 0,031 0,017 0,017 0,017 0,018
(Source: Authors Internal Data)


After we get hot fluid table and cold fluid table, so we can combine it
together so we can get it into one table. The table for cold fluid and hot fluid can
be seen on next page.
Table 1.X Cold-Hot Fluid Table
Temp (C) Cold Fluid Hot Fluid
1498,296 1
210,044 1 1
184,664 1 1 1
168,798 1 1 1 1
151,639 1 1 1 1 1
138,296 1 1 1 1 0
98,296 1 0 0 0
71,704 1 1
38,426 1 0
26,296 1 1
9,293 1 0 1
8,293 1 0 1
6,704 1 1 1
-28,123 1 1 1 1 1
-29,122 1 1 1 0 0
-36,243 1 0 1
-39,704 1 0
-97,068 1 0
-98,057 1 0
-158,497 0
Cp(Mw/K) 0,218 4,431 0,246 0,254 27,631 0,148 0,264 35,043 0,091 0,031 0,017 0,017 0,017 0,018
(Source: Authors Internal Data)
Table 1.X Problem Table Data Information and Calculation
No. Temp (C) dT (C)
dCp
(MW/C)
dQ (MW)
dQ Final
(MW)
1 1498,2962 1288,2521 -0,0311 -40,0740 0,0000
2 210,0441 25,3801 -0,0485 -1,2308 40,0740
3 184,6640 15,8657 -0,0659 -1,0456 41,3047
4 168,7983 17,1591 -0,0834 -1,4315 42,3503
5 151,6392 13,3430 -0,1007 -1,3433 43,7818
6 138,2962 40,0000 -0,0832 -3,3261 45,1251
7 98,2962 26,5925 -0,0311 -0,8272 48,4512
8 71,7038 33,2775 0,1166 3,8789 49,2784
9 38,4262 12,1300 0,1477 1,7912 45,3995
10 26,2962 17,0030 0,0571 0,9712 43,6082
11 9,2932 1,0006 27,5403 27,5574 42,6370
12 8,2926 1,5888 0,1631 0,2592 15,0796
13 6,7038 34,8270 0,4091 14,2493 14,8204
14 -28,1233 0,9991 -34,8986 -34,8671 0,5711
15 -29,1224 7,1204 0,2353 1,6752 35,4382
16 -36,2428 3,4610 -0,0184 -0,0638 33,7630
17 -39,7038 57,3643 0,2460 14,1120 33,8267
18 -97,0681 0,9894 4,4315 4,3844 19,7147
19 -98,0575 60,4396 0,2176 13,1517 15,3304
20 -158,4971 - - - 2,1787
(Source: Authors Internal Data)

The value of dQ final is from dQ added by the number of dQ in
temperature 1498
o
C because it has the lower value. So we add all data of dQ with
these number to make simplification of calculation and to make easier when be
read the results graphic. Based on the result above, the necessary of minimum
cold utilities is 2.1787 MW. These result should have same value with the
graphic method, but in fact the result from graphic methode is 4,804 MW, this
defference do not have too far number, so the steps that we use to calculate the
amount of energy that have to utiliization is right. be added by cold uti From this
table, can be made grand composite curve to define the quality of utilities that is
used for this plant. There is the graphic:

Figure 1.X Grand Composite Curve based on Problem Table Method
(Source: Authors Internal Data)

-400.0000
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0.0000
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0.0000 10.0000 20.0000 30.0000 40.0000 50.0000 60.0000
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