INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT

ON
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF VISION MAPPING DEVICE
SUBMITTED BY
ARIZ HUSAIN (11354)
ANKESH KAPIL (11342)
YEAR OF SUBMISSION- 2014
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY HAMIRPUR
HIMACHAL PRADESH
UNDER GUIDANCE OF
MOHAMMED RIYAZ, SENIOR MANAGER, VEHICLE INTEGERATION
AND ADVANCED ENGINEERING

MAHINDRA RESEARCH VALLEY
MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA (R&D)
MAHINDRA WORLD CITY
TAMIL NADU




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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This project has been a great experience for both of us and a great eye opener to the importance of
designing, teamwork and resourcefulness. It would not have been possible without the guidance,
help and advice of many. First of all, wed like to thanks Mr. Mohammed Riyaz, for the idea, his
constant guidance and motivation throughout the effort. You have spurred us on throughout sir, and
pointed out the flaws and changes in details at every step of designing, allowing us to trim down the
excesses and focus our attention of the required details.
Wed also like to thank the Workshop Superintendent, and shop assistants for allowing us the use of
tools at the workshop. Wed like to thank Mr.Mohanraj, with whose help weve arranged various
power tools, hand tools, resources, materials for fabrication, adhesives etc. In particular, wed like
to thank the whole Ergonomics team for their assistance in guiding us throughout the project.

The project has been a great exposure to both of us, and has inspired us to look towards similar
problems that can be addressed by our knowledge of mechanisms, and work towards them in due
time. It has also opened possibilities of improvement on our current project. We look forward to
many such endeavours in the near future.



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ABSTRACT
Our objective is to design and fabricate a vision mapping device which can be applied for the
detection of forward field of vision of the driver for M1 category vehicle. The device consist of a
laser angle machine and a fixture which is utilized to place the laser machine at the specific location
with respect to the R point of the drivers seat position in conformity to the standard (AIS-021)
published by ARAI. The fixture has to be integrated with the 3D H-point machine (HPM)
(described in SAE J826_200811) which is an indispensable tool for the correct measurements and
dummy Positioning for many test applications.







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CONTENTS


1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................5
2. DEFINITIONS.........................................................................................................................6
3. VISION MAPPING DEVICE FIXTURE..............................................................................14
4. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS..................................................................................................14
5. DESIGN COMPONENTS.....................................................................................................14
6. DESIGN ASSEMBLY...........................................................................................................19
7. WORKING OF FIXTURE.....................................................................................................25
8. TEST PROCEDURE..............................................................................................................25
9. PROBLEM AREAS ADDRESSED.......................................................................................27
10. SCOPE AND ALTERNATIVES...........................................................................................27
11. REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................28
12. ANNEXURE: I.......................................................................................................................29
13. ANNEXURE II......................................................................................................................30
14. ANNEXURE III.....................................................................................................................32



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INTRODUCTION
Drivers rely on peripheral vision to support a number of tasks including maintaining speed and lane
position and detecting potential hazards such as pedestrians or other vehicles .The visual field, the
area within which a person focusing on a central point can detect a stimulus, is normally about 180
degrees. An unobstructed forward field of vision of an automotive vehicle driver ensure safe driving
and enhance safety of other road users as well.
So it is imperative to ensure an adequate field of vision in all circumstances (when the windscreen
and other glazed surfaces are dry and clean) to prevent any kind of mishap. To meet the
requirements of unobstructed forward field of vision the ARAI (Automotive Research Association
of India) has published a standard (i.e. AIS-021) which addresses the requirements and
measurement procedure of drivers forward field of vision of M1 category of vehicles considering
obstructions such as instrument panel, steering wheel, mirror, vehicle structure supporting roof like
A and B pillars etc.
In order to measure the forward field of vision for M1 vehicles laser angle machine has to be placed
at specified points i.e. V points as described in ARAI standard (AIS-021). V point coordinates are
given with respect to the H point of the drivers seat. So, in order to determine the V point we first
have to locate H point and that is done with the help of H point machine. This project discloses the
design and fabrication procedure of a vision mapping device fixture that can be integrated with H-
Point machine to locate the V point in space and place the laser at that point.








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H-Point
In vehicle design, automotive design and vehicle regulation, the H-point (or hip-point) is the
theoretical, relative location of an occupant's hip: specifically the pivot point between the torso and
upper leg portions of the body. H point means the pivot centre of the torso and thigh of the3 DH
machine installed in the vehicle seat. The H-point on the 2-d template is at the intersection of the
thigh line and the torso line.

Seating Reference Point (SgRP) or R Point
R point or seating reference point means a design point defined by the vehicle manufacturer for
each seating position and established with respect to the three-dimensional reference system.
SgRP establishes the rearmost normal design driving or riding position of each designated seating
position in a vehicle considering all modes of seat adjustment - horizontal, vertical, and tilt and it
simulates the position of the pivot centre of the torso and thigh.

Although adjustable seats will have many design H-points within their design H-point travel path,
there is one and only one H-point defined as the SgRP for any seat/seating position.


















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Three-Dimensional Reference Grid
Three-dimensional reference grid means a reference system which consists of a vertical
longitudinal plane X-Z, a horizontal plane X-Y and a vertical transverse plane Y-Z, the grid is used
to determine the dimensional relationships between the position of design points on drawing and
their position on the actual vehicle.





Figure 1

THREE DIMENSIONAL REFERENCE SYSTEM







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H-Point Devices
H-point devices are used to establish key reference points and dimensions in the vehicles interior.
There are four devices that can be used to define H-point locations; the original H-Point Machine
(HPM) and 2d template defined in SAE J826, the H-Point Machine (HPM-II) defined in SAE
J4002, and the H-Point Design Tool (HPD) defined in SAE J4004. The HPM and HPM-II are
physical devices used in physical properties for the purpose of auditing and benchmarking H-point
locations. The 2d template and the HPD are CAD tools used during design for establishing H-point
locations in the occupant package.

H-Point machine (HPM)
The H-Point-Machine (HPM) is an essential tool for the correct measurements and dummy
positioning for many test applications. The back and cushion pans of the 3-D H-point machine are
representations of adult male contours. Constructed of reinforced plastic and metal, these separate
back and cushion pans simulate the human torso and thigh and are mechanically hinged at the H-
point. A graduated sliding probe is hinged from the H-point to measure the head room in the
compartment. A quadrant is fastened to the probe to measure the torso angle. An adjustable thigh
bar, attached to the cushion pan, establishes the thigh centreline and serves as a baseline for the hip
angle quadrant. Lower leg segments, also adjustable in length, are connected to the cushion pan
assembly at the knee joining T-bar, which is a lateral extension of the adjustable thigh bar.
Quadrants are incorporated in the lower leg segments to measure knee angles. Shoe and ankle
assemblies are calibrated to measure the angular relation to the lower leg segment. Positive stops
are provided in the thigh and lower leg segments for the 10th, 50th, and 95th percentile of adult
male dimensions two spirit levels orient the device in space. Body segment weights are placed at
the centre of gravity locations to provide seat penetration equivalent to a 77 kg (169.6 lb) male.



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Figure 2
H-POINT MACHINE
Applications of HPM:
Aid in the design and development of seats and seat materials.
Check vehicle seating compartments for conformance to design specifications, i.e.
relationship of H-point to body structures, seats, controls, etc.
Torso (Back) Line
A line in side view on the back pan of the H-point device upward from the H-point that is used to
define torso angle. On the HPM, this line is parallel to the flat portion of the back pan contour. The
angle of this line from vertical defines torso angle.
Torso angle or Seat Back angle (A40)
The angle measured between a vertical line through the H point and the torso line using the back
angle quadrant of the 3 DH machine.



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Drivers Eye Location
Variation of eye positions inside the vehicle for any driving population is considerable due to
variation of seat locations and variable anthropometry of the drivers. In order to address this
problem, the SAE J941 Eyellipse concept was developed as a drafting tool to define the range of
eye positions within the driving population. It is based on the position of eyes of drivers in space.
The distribution of eye position in space closely approximated as ellipsoid.
During automobile design, care should be taken to provide maximum view all around either through
direct vision or with the help of devices like mirror or camera. It is also important to ensure
minimum visual obstruction either by vehicle components or by drivers own body parts. This is
particularly important for allowing unobstructed view of the displays on the dash board.

Eyellipse
A contraction of the words eye and ellipse used to describe the statistical distribution of eye
locations in three-dimensional space located relative to defined vehicle interior reference points.
(SAE J941)

Figure 3



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V Points
V points means points whose position in the passenger compartment is determined as a function
of vertical longitudinal plane passing through the centres of the outermost designated seating
positions on the front seat and in relation to the "R" point and the design torso angle, which points
are, used for verifying compliance with the field of vision requirements.
Position of V Points
The positions of the V points in relation to the R points, as indicated by XYZ coordinates from the
three-dimensional reference grid, are as shown in Table I and II.
Table I indicates the basic coordinates for a design seat back angle of 25. The positive direction for
the coordinates is indicated in Fig I.

TABLE I
V-Point X Y Z
V1 68mm -5mm 665mm
V2 68mm -5mm 589mm

Figure 4



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NOTE- Figure 3 is for Left Hand Drive Vehicle. For Right Hand Drive Vehicle the mirror image
should be considered.
(1) Line tracing the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle.
(2) Line tracing the vertical plane passing through R.
(3) Line tracing the vertical plane passing through V
1
and V
2
.
Correction for Design Seat Back Angle (A40) other than 25
Table II indicates the further correction to be made to the X and Z coordinates of each V point
when the design seat back angle is not 25
o
.

TABLE II






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P points
P points means the points about which the drivers head rotates when he views objects on a
horizontal plane at eye level.
E points
E points means points representing the centres of the drivers eyes and used to assess the extent to
which A pillar obscures the field of vision.


Figure 5

A pillar
A pillar means any roof support forward of the vertical transverse plane located 68 mm in front of
the V points and includes non-transparent items, such as windscreen mouldings and door frames,
attached or contiguous to such a support.



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Vision Mapping Device Fixture
Design Requirements
It should hold and place the laser angle machine precisely at V1 and V2 points in space with
respect to the H-point of the drivers seat position.
It should cover all the ranges of V points for different seat back angles (A40).
It should be easily integrable with the H-point Machine without altering its basic
configuration.
It should provide a 360 degree field of vision for the Laser Angle Machine without causing
any obstruction.
Whole fixture should be facile to assemble and operate.

Design Description
Aluminium extrusions (40mm X 40 mm) were preferred as a frame material for the fixture because
of their light weight and robustness and were assembled together in such a way that they could
place laser angle machine at specific coordinates with respect to the drivers H-point. Whole fixture
was then integrated with the H-Point Machine using two pins which were fixed in the H-point
centre apertures. The whole description of all the components utilized in designing the fixture is
given below.
Design Components
I. Aluminium Extrusions Aluminium extrusions (40mm X 40mm) of different lengths are
utilised as a frame material for the fixture.

Figure 6



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II. Vertical Slide Holding Plates Two sheet metal plates of 4mm thickness are used to hold
the vertical slide of the fixture i.e. it control the z axis movement of the laser.

Figure 7
III. 90Angle Brackets These brackets are used to attach two aluminium extrusions at 90 deg
angle with the help of T-Slot nuts and Allen bolts.

Figure 8



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IV. T-Slot nuts These nuts are basically used as sliders which allow aluminium extrusions to
slide with respect to each other and hence provide movement to the laser in z axis and x axis
direction and can be tightened at the desired position by using M8 flanged bolts.

Figure 9

V. Pin brackets These brackets are used to integrate whole assembled fixture with the H-
Point Machine. They are built up of sheet metal of 4 mm thickness and have a hook type
profile on one side which fit into the H-Point pins. They are designed to prevent the
interference of the fixture with the torso and buttock weights of H-Point Machine by
offsetting the whole fixture in the x axis direction by 40mm.



Figure 10



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VI. Vertical alignment bracket This bracket is basically an assemblage of two sheet metal
parts of 4mm thickness which together help in restricting the oscillation of the fixture about
the H-point pins and hence it holds the fixture in vertical position.


Figure 11


Figure 12



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VII. H-Point pins- These pins are used to attach the whole assembled fixture with the H-Point
Machine as they get fit into the hook shape profile of the pin brackets. They have a
cylindrical profile on one side which allows them to get fit into the H-Point Centre Holes
and have a rectangular profile on the other side which fit into the Pin Bracket.

Figure 13
VIII. Laser holding plate This plate is used to hold the laser angle machine accurately on V1
and V2 points in space and also it provides movement to the laser in the X axis direction by
sliding on the aluminium extrusion.





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Assembly of Components
1. Aluminium extrusions (40mm X 40mm) of 350mm length and 170mm length are joined at
right angle with the help of 90 degree angle brackets and T-Slot nuts which are tightened
with Allen bolts.

Figure 14

2. Another 350mm Aluminium Extrusion(40mm X40mm) is fixed to the other side of 170mm
Aluminium extrusion to make the basic frame of the fixture as shown in the figure 16.

Figure 15



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3. Now vertical slide holding plates are attached to the front side of the two 350mm aluminium
extrusions (40mm X 40mm) by using long T-slotted nuts and are tightened with the M8
flanged bolts.

Figure 16
4. Now another two 350mm Aluminium extrusions are joined with the vertical slide holding
plate with the aid of long T-slotted nuts and M8 flanged bolts.

Figure 17



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5. Aluminium extrusion of 250mm length is then fitted in between the space of the two
formerly joined 350mm aluminium extrusions as shown in the fig 19 by utilising 90 deg
angle brackets.

Figure 18



6. Now another aluminium extrusion of 400 mm length is mounted on top of the 250mm
aluminium extrusion at an offset of 40 mm from the central plane of the latter.



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7. Pin brackets are then fastened at the base of the fixture by using M8 flanged bolts as shown
in the figure.
Figure 19



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8. Now laser holding plate is mounted on top of the 400mm aluminium extrusion as shown
with the help of T-slotted nuts and M8 flanged bolts.


9. Vertical alignment bracket is then attached at the front side of the 350mm Aluminium
extrusion with the aid of M8 flanged bolts and T-slotted nuts.




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10. Now the laser base clamp is fixed on the laser holding plate with the aid of Cyanoacrylate
Adhesive such that the centre of laser angle machine will always be at a lateral offset of
5mm from the H-Point of the drivers seat.


Figure 20





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Working of the fixture
All the components of the fixtures are designed to fortify and locate the machine at desired position
i.e. V1 and V2 points as specified in AIS-021 standard published by Automotive Research
Association of India (ARAI). This is achieved by placing the fixture on h-point machine and then
sliding its various parts so that the laser can be placed at the aforesaid points. The procedure for
conducting the test to map the forward field of vision in M1 category vehicle by using the laser
angle machine is given below along with the detail use and working of the fixture.
Test Procedure
i. First of all the dimensional relationship between the vehicles primary reference marks and
the three-dimensional reference grid shall be determined by the procedure prescribed in
Annexure II.
ii. The position of the points V1 and V2 are determined in relation to the R point as indicated
by XYZ coordinates from the three dimensional reference grid and shown in Table I and
Table II. The windscreen datum points shall then be found as prescribed in Annexure I.
iii. H-Point Machine is then installed at the drivers seat position by the procedure prescribed in
Annexure III.
iv. Now fixture is adjusted so that laser angle machine can be placed at the V1 and V2 points.
This is accomplished by the following ways:-
a. H-Point pins are inserted into the H-Point Centre holes in the H-Point Machine.
b. Whole fixture is then attached to H-Point Machine by securing the Hooks of the Pin
Bracket with the H-Point pins.
c. Now the fixture will have the tendency to oscillate about the H-point pivot axis, to
make the fixture stable and align it along the vertical plane (i.e. X plane),help of the
vertical alignment pin bracket (slotted plate) is taken whose one side is fastened to a
pin on HPM.
d. Mount the laser angle machine on the laser clamp base of the fixture.
e. Adjust the fixture in the vertical position by the aid of spirit level mounted on the
laser angle machine and tight the bolt 7 on the Vertical alignment bracket.
f. With the fixture in vertical position ,bolts 1,2,3 and 4 are loosened so that upper
aluminium extrusions assembly can slide with respect to lower assembly along the
Z-axis which allows the adjustment of the Z coordinates of the centre of Laser Angle
Machine and once desired Z coordinate(of V1 point) is achieved aforesaid bolts are
tightened.
g. Bolts 5 and 6 are then loosened which allows the laser holding plate to move along
the X direction and once the centre of laser angle machine is placed at the X
coordinate of the V1 point the aforesaid bolts are tightened.



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h. The Y coordinate is already set at 5mm and in case of calibration Allen bolts can be
loosened to adjust the Y coordinate at 5mm.
v. Now the Laser Angle Machine is placed at V1 point, take all the vision angle measurement
by using the laser.
vi. For taking the measurements at V2 point (which differs only in elevation).
a. Loose the bolts 1, 2, 3 & 4 to slide the upper aluminium extrusion assembly with
respect to the lower assembly along the Z-axis. Tight the aforesaid bolts when
desired Z coordinate is achieved.(X,Y coordinates will remain same as V1)
vii. Now the Laser Angle Machine is at V2 point, take all the vision angle measurements by
using laser.
viii. For detaching the fixture from the H-Point Machine these steps are required to be followed:-
a. Tight the upper assembly at the lowermost possible position by using bolts 1, 2, 3
&4.
b. Remove the laser angle machine from the base clamp.
c. Detach the bolt 7 of vertical alignment bracket and slide the fixture away from the
HPM so that the pin brackets can get unhooked from the H-Point pins.
ix. After removing the fixture from the H-Point Machine keep it at some safe place.

Figure 25





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Problem Areas Addressed
This fixture is able to place the laser angle machine accurately at V1 &V2 points.
This fixture covers all the possible ranges of V1 &V2 points for different torso angles as
prescribed in table I &table II.(given in AIS-021)
This fixture is easily integrable with the H-Point Machine, without altering the basic
configuration of the machine.
The fixture is lightweight and robust, so it does not affect the net burden on the driving seat
excessively.

Scope and Alternatives
Aluminium extrusions of 20mm X 20mm specification can be used to make the fixture more
light and portable.
A physical scale can be integrated with the fixture so that we get the coordinates of the
centre of the laser angle machine directly.
A magnetic plate can be used to hold the laser at its position instead of laser holding plate
and laser clamp base.
M8 flanged bolts can be substituted with the wing bolts so that they could be loosened or
tightened by the hands only.




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References
i. SAE Standard J1100, Motor Vehicle Dimensions.
ii. SAE Standard J826, Devices for Use in Defining and Measuring Vehicle Seating
Accommodation.
iii. SAE Standard J941, Motor Vehicle Drivers Eyes Location.
iv. ARAI Standard AIS-021, Field of Vision of Motor Vehicle Drivers for M1 Category.
v. Macey Stuart and Wardle Geoff, H Point The Fundamentals of Car Design and Packaging,
ISBN-978-1-933492-37-7.
vi. http://www.dsource.in/course/ergonomics/auto-ergo/visual/visual.html
vii. www.saeinternational.cn/hpoint/






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ANNEXURE: I
WIND SCREEN DATUM POINTS
Windscreen datum points means points situated at the intersection with the windscreen of lines
radiating forward from the V points to the outer surface of the windscreen.
The transparent area of the windscreen must include at least three windscreen datum points; these
are:
(i) A horizontal datum point forward of V1 and 17 to the right.
(ii) An upper vertical datum point forward of V1 and 7 above the horizontal.
(iii) A lower vertical datum point forward of V2 and 5 below the horizontal.
To verify compliance with the forward-vision requirement on the opposite half of the windscreen,
three additional datum points, symmetrical to the points defined in (i) to (iii) in relation to the
median longitudinal plane of vehicle are obtained.

Figure 21
NOTE: - Figure is for Left Hand Drive Vehicles. For Right Hand Drive Vehicles the mirror image
shall be considered.



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ANNEXURE II
METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE DIMENSIONAL RELATIONSHIPS
BETWEEN THE VEHICLES PRIMARY REFERENCE MARKS AND THE
THREE-DIMENSIONAL REFERENCE GRID

1. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REFERENCE GRID AND VEHICLES PRIMARY
REFERENCE MARKS
To verify specific dimensions on or within a vehicle submitted for approval in
accordance with this Regulation, the relationship between the coordinates of the three-
dimensional reference grid, which has been laid out at the initial vehicle-design stage,
and the positions of the primary reference marks, must be established accurately so that
specific points on the vehicle manufacturers drawings can be identified on an actual
vehicle produced from those drawings.
2. METHOD FOR ESTABLISHING RELATIONSHIP OF REFERENCE GRID TO
REFERENCE MARKS
For this purpose, a ground reference plane shall be constructed which is marked with
the X-X measurement and the Y-Y measurement. The method of achieving this is set
out in figure 27, the reference plane being a hard, flat, level surface upon which the
vehicle stands, and which has two measuring scales firmly fixed to its surface; these
shall be graduated in millimetres, the X-X scale being not less than eight metres long
and the Y-Y scale not less than four metres long.
3. EXAMINATION OF THE REFERENCE PLANE
In order to provide for minor variations in the level of the reference plane or test area, it
will be necessary to measure the deviations from ground zero along both the X and Y
scales at intervals of 250 mm and to record the readings obtained so that corrections can
be made when checking the vehicle.
4. ACTUAL TEST ATTIDUDE
In order to provide for minor changes in suspension height, etc., it will be necessary to
have available a means of bringing the reference marks to the correct coordinate
positions relative to the design attitude before further measurements are taken. In
addition, it must be possible to make minor lateral and/or longitudinal adjustments of
the vehicles position so as to place it accurately in relation to the reference grid.




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5. RESULTS
The vehicle having been correctly placed relative to the reference grid and in its design
attitude, the site of the necessary points for studying the forward visibility requirements
can be readily determined.

Test methods to determine these requirements may include the use of theodolites, light
sources or shadow devices, or any other method, which can be shown to give equivalent
results.

Figure 22




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ANNEXURE III
PROCEDURE FOR THE INSTALLATION OH H-POINT MACHINE

i. The vehicle shall be preconditioned, at the manufacturers discretion, at a temperature of 20
C + 10 C to ensure that the seat material reaches room temperature. If the seat to be
checked has never been sat upon, a 70 to 80 kg person or device shall sit on the seat twice
for one minute to flex the cushion and back. At the manufacturers request, all seat
assemblies shall remain unloaded for a minimum period of 30 minutes prior to installation
of the 3-D H machine.
ii. The vehicle shall be in the measuring attitude (Vehicle measuring attitude means the
position of the vehicle as defined by the co-ordinates of fiducial marks in the three-
dimensional reference system and Fiducial marks are physical points (holes, surfaces,
marks or indentations) on the vehicle body as defined by the manufacturer.)
iii. The seat, if it is adjustable, shall be adjusted first to the rearmost normal driving or riding
position, as indicated by the vehicle manufacturer, taking into consideration only the
longitudinal adjustment of the seat, excluding seat travel used for purposes other than
normal driving or riding positions. Where other modes of seat adjustment exist (vertical,
angular, seat-back, etc.), these will then be adjusted to the position specified by the vehicle
manufacturer. For suspension seats, the vertical position shall be rigidly fixed
corresponding to a normal driving position as specified by the manufacturer.
iv. The area of the seating position taken up by the 3-D H machine shall be covered by a muslin
cotton, of sufficient size and appropriate texture, described as a plain cotton fabric having
18.9 threads per cm
2
and weighing 0.228 kg/m
2
, or knitted or non-woven fabric having
equivalent characteristics .
If the test is performed on a seat outside the vehicle, the floor on which the seat is placed
shall have the same essential characteristics
1
/ as the floor of the vehicle in which the seat is
intended to be used.
v. Place the seat and back assembly of the 3-D H machine so that the centre plane of the
occupant (CPO) coincides with the centre plane of the 3-D H machine. At the
manufacturers request, the 3-D H machine may be moved inboard with respect to the CPO






33

if the 3-D H machine is located so far outboard that the seat edge will not permit levelling of
the 3-D H machine.
vi. Attach the foot and lower leg assemblies to the seat-pan assembly, either individually or by
using the T-bar and lower leg assembly. The line through the "H" point sight buttons shall
be parallel to the ground and perpendicular to the longitudinal centre plane of the seat.
vii. Adjust the feet and leg positions of the 3-D H machine as follows:
viii. Designated seating position: driver and outside front passenger
ix. Both feet and leg assemblies shall be moved forward in such a way that the feet take up
natural positions on the floor, between the operating pedals if necessary. Where possible the
left foot shall be located at approximately the same distance to the left of the centre plane of
the 3-D H machine as the right foot is to the right. The spirit level verifying the transverse
orientation of the 3-D H machine is brought to the horizontal by readjustment of the seat pan
if necessary, or by adjusting the leg and foot assemblies towards the rear. The line passing
through the "H" point sight buttons shall be maintained perpendicular to the longitudinal
centre plane of the seat.
x. If the left leg cannot be kept parallel to the right leg and the left foot cannot be supported by
the structure, move the left foot until it is supported. The alignment of the sight buttons
shall be maintained.
xi. Apply lower leg and thigh weights and level the 3-D H machine.
xii. Tilt the back pan forward against the forward stop and draw the 3-D H machine away from
the seat-back using the T-bar. Reposition the 3-D H machine on the seat by one of the
following methods:
xiii. If the 3-D H machine tends to slide rearward, use the following procedure. Allow the 3-D H
machine to slide rearward until a forward horizontal restraining load on the T-bar is no
longer required, i.e. until the seat pan contacts the seat-back. If necessary, reposition the
lower leg.
xiv. If the 3-D H machine does not tend to slide rearward, use the following procedure. Slide the
3-D H machine rearward by applying a horizontal rearward load to the T-bar until the seat
pan contacts the seat-back.
xv. Apply a 100 10 N load to the back and pan assembly of the 3-D H machine at the
intersection of the hip angle quadrant and the T-bar housing. The direction of load
application shall be maintained along a line passing through the above intersection to a point
just above the thigh bar housing. Then carefully return the back pan to the seat-back.



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Care must be exercised throughout the remainder of the procedure to prevent the 3-D H
machine from sliding forward.
xvi. Install the right and left buttock weights and then, alternately, the eight torso weights.
Maintain the 3-D H machine level.
xvii. Tilt the back pan forward to release the tension on the seat-back. Rock the 3-D H machine
from side to side through a 10 arc (5 to each side of the vertical centre plane) for three
complete cycles to release any accumulated friction between the 3-D H machine and the
seat.
xviii. During the rocking action, the T-bar of the 3-D H machine may tend to diverge from the
specified horizontal and vertical alignment. The T-bar must therefore be restrained by
applying an appropriate lateral load during the rocking motions. Care shall be exercised in
holding the T-bar and rocking the 3-D H machine to ensure that no inadvertent exterior
loads are applied in a vertical or fore and aft direction.
xix. The feet of the 3-D H machine are not to be restrained or held during this step. If the feet
change position, they should then be allowed to remain in that attitude for the moment.
xx. Carefully return the back pan to the seat-back and check the two spirit levels for zero
position. If any movement of the feet has occurred during the rocking operation of the 3-D
H machine, they must be repositioned as follows:
xxi. Alternately, lift each foot off the floor the minimum necessary amount until no additional
foot movement is obtained. During this lifting, the feet are to be free to rotate; no forward
or lateral loads are to be applied. When each foot is placed back in the down position, the
heel is to be in contact with the structure designed for this.
xxii. Check the lateral spirit level for zero position; if necessary, apply a lateral load to the top of
the back pan sufficient to level the 3-D H machines seat pan on the seat.
xxiii. Holding the T-bar to prevent the 3-D H machine from sliding forward on the seat cushion,
proceed as follows:
(a) Return the back pan to the seat-back,
(b) Alternately apply and release a horizontal rearward load, not to exceed 25 N, to
the back angle bar at a height approximately at the centre of the torso weights
until the hip angle quadrant indicates that a stable position has been reached after
load release. Care should be taken to ensure that no exterior downward or lateral
loads are applied to the 3-D H machine. If another level adjustment of the 3-D H



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machine is necessary, rotate the back pan forward, re-level, and repeat the
procedure.
xxiv. Take all measurements:
xxv. The coordinates of the "H" point are measured with respect to the three-dimensional
reference system.
xxvi. The actual torso angle is read at the back angle quadrant of the 3-D H machine with the
probe in its fully rearward position.
xxvii. If a rerun of the installation of the 3-D H machine is desired, the seat assembly shall remain
unloaded for a minimum period of 30 minutes prior to the re-run. The 3-D H machine shall
not be left loaded on the seat assembly longer than the time required to perform the test.