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Figure8:Proposedseatbeltmodification
The Seatbelt mounted breathing sensor uses the rise and fall of the pilots chest to calculate a breathing
rate. The breathing rate of the pilot is a key indicator to the pilots wellbeing. If the pilot is breathing
irregularly he may be experiencing health problems and these can be addressed on the landing of the
plane.
The seatbelt breathing sensor consists of a strain gauge that runs along the length of the seatbelt. When
the seatbelt is plugged in, the circuit is complete and the gauge is activated. When the pilot breathes the
rise and fall of his/her chest will cause the strain gauge to output a voltage. This signal is saved as raw data
and processed by the on board control system every 10 minutes with a sample speed of 2Hz.
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Figure9:SchematicfortheSeatbeltSensor
Joystick Sensor Systems
Figure10:Modificationtopilotsjoystick
There are two different sensors present on the Joystick of the plane; the Perspiration sensor and the
Accelerometer to detect hand tremor. The Joystick is the main hub for sensory data in the cockpit as hand
tremor and perspiration are two of the most prevalent symptoms of Stress.
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The Accelerometer
The Accelerometer will detect hand tremor. In order to rule out turbulence and the movement of the
plane two accelerometers will be used on the joystick and the difference between the two will provide the
control system with a value for pilot hand tremor. The accelerometer system has been used to measure
hand tremor with success in alternative studies [13]. The data from the Accelerometer will be sent to the
Control System which will aggregate the data at a sample speed of 2 Hz (2 samples per second). If the pilot
shows signs of serious hand tremor the Airline and Pilot will be given advice in order to ensure the pilot
stays in good mental health.
Figure11:Sampleaccelerometerreadings
Perspiration Sensor
In the report studied by the group, a Perspiration sensor was constructed using a Relative Humidity sensor
adapter (Specifically the THT-B121 resistive type transmitter), a Flow Meter and a calibrated type K
thermocouple to measure temperature. The perspiration sensor recorded the number of grams of
perspiration from the test subject. This could be implemented to the joystick of the aircraft and could
measure the amount of sweat on the hands of the pilot. The figure below shows the block diagram for the
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Perspiration measurement system. This sensor system in particular is crucial in determining the mental
wellbeing of the pilot as sweaty palms are a sign of agitation, anxiety, stress and paranoia.
Figure12:BlockDiagramforPerspirationSensor
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ECG Headset
Figure13:BasicECGconfiguration
Built into the headset is an ECG Sensor which is pressed against the pilots temple. The outboard
equipment for the ECG is stored within the control panel of the cockpit to allow for a light and comfortable
headset design. The ECG will record the heart rate of the pilot. The .edf files from the ECG will be sent to
the control system of the plane and if the heart rate is more rapid than the baseline profile then it can be
shown that the pilot is feeling stressed or under pressure and measures can be taken to ensure the pilots
health returns to normal.
Camera
A camera will be present in the cockpit in order to detect pilot movement. One of the key symptoms for
anxiety and stress is fidgeting and rapid twitching movements. The system will use edge detection
algorithms to determine any irregular pilot movement during a flight.
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Figure14:Samplecockpitviewusingedgedetection
Fingerprint Scanner
Figure15:Joystickwithaddedfingerprintscanner
A fingerprint scanner will be mounted to the top of the joystick will allow the pilot to login to the system,
thus activating it. The system will not record any data until a pilot with a profile has logged in. In order to
login the pilot simply presses a finger onto the scanner.
VII. Summary and Conclusion
This work outlines a proposal for a data based solution to the rising problem of monitoring commercial
pilot mental health. Described are three main features of a system to aid in the measurement and real-
time analysis of physical factors giving insight into the general mental health and wellness of active
commercial pilots and co-pilots. As mentioned these features are the baseline profile, cockpit sensor array
and the data processing.
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Research into this area shows the need for an elegant and efficient solution to monitoring pilot mental
health. At present pilot mental health checks are at the discretion of the airline and the FAA and current
active protocols are insufficient to ensure the long-term mental wellness of active pilots. As pilots are in a
position of great responsibility it is our hope that this work will, to some extent, shed light on the ease and
practicality with which a system may be implemented to help monitor pilot mental health.
The cost of the various system components will likely not exceed $5000. However, the central pilot
information database may require addition of extra cyber infrastructure on top of existing facilities. This
could be improve through the use of opportunistic and/or cloud resources. Added cyber infrastructure will
drive pricing up yet, in the context of the multi-billion airline industry the cost of retrofitting current
aircraft with our proposed system is effectively trivial. Large development cost is a one-time consideration
and will likely focus on the computer vision and data analysis side as the sensory and data technologies are
typical.
In conclusion it is our belief that the work outlined in this paper provides a viable solution to the
monitoring of pilot mental health, and with further development the implementation of such a system is
highly viable. Future work could include the use of similar sensors and techniques in a controlled
environment to provide proof of concept. With further developments this solution will not only ensure the
long term physical and mental health of commercial pilots but also provide greater peace of mind to
customers and companies of the aviation industry.
VIII. References
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[2] OpenCV hompage http://www.opencv.org/ August 2014
[3] Python homepage https://www.python.org/ August 2014
[4] Olumofin, Femi and Goldberg, Ian. Privacy-preserving Queries over Relational Databases. Proceedings
of the 10th International Conference on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 75-92 2010
[5] Database compression techniques http://technet.microsoft.com/en-
us/library/dd894051(v=SQL.100).aspx August 2014
[6] SFTP overview http://compnetworking.about.com/od/ftpfiletransfer/g/sftp-definition.htm August 2014
[7] Rusche, D. (2012). The JetBlue pilot's breakdown and the high stress of 'safety sensitive
positions'. Available: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/30/jetblue-pilot-breakdown-mental-
health. Last accessed 7th Aug 2014.
[8] .[J].199910(4):234.
[9] Wood, R. (2012). Resting Heart Rate Table. Available: http://www.topendsports.com/testing/heart-
rate-resting-chart.htm. Last accessed 8th Aug 2014.
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[10] Yingjui Tsai, Chiachung Chen. (2010). Development and testing of a perspiration measuring
system. Medical Engineering & Physics. 32 (356-362), 359.
[11] William Dayton, Patricia Collins, Michael Smith, and Ted Selker (2009).Measuring Hand Tremor with a
Mobile Device. Carnegie Mellon, Silicon Valley: Mobility Research Centre.
[12] Rainey, Robert R. (Elkhart, IN, US) . (2005). Vehicle seat weight sensor.Available:
http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6969809.html. Last accessed 8th Aug 2014.
[13] William Dayton, Patricia Collins, Michael Smith, and Ted Selker (2009).Measuring Hand Tremor with a
Mobile Device. Carnegie Mellon, Silicon Valley: Mobility Research Centre.
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