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DEPARTMENT OF RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND CONSUMER STUDIES

FEM 3202: NUTRITION, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT
LAB 6: ENERGY BALANCE

Introduction:

Energy is the ability to do the work. People need energy to do their daily activities. The
body can get energy from carbohydrate, protein, fat and alcohol. When the energy
consumed equals with the energy burns, the person is in energy balance and his/her
body weight is normal. If more energy is consumed than burns, the person will gain
weight. If more energy was burned more than its consumed, the person will lose
weight.

The energy-balance equation can be known as ENERGY IN (energy intake) and ENERGY
OUT (energy expenditure). Food and beverages are the part of the ENERGY IN. The
amount of energy received is depend on the energy composition in food and
beverages, and the amount of food intakes. In addition, the total energy burns in a day
is differs for each individual. In general, basal metabolic rate is the largest component
of energy expenditure (60-65%), and thermic effect of food (TEF) is the smallest (only
10%). The amount energy spent in physical activities depend on a persons activity
pattern. The total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) is based on these three main
categories:

1. Basal Metabolism/Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

2. Physical Activities (PA)

3. Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)


The bodys energy status can be known as:

1. Negative energy balance: energy intake is less than energy burns.

2. Energy balance : energy intake I equal with energy burns.

3. Positive energy balance : Energy intake is more than energy burns.


There are two methods that can be used to calculate our body energy expenditure. The
methods will be taught by your demonstrator during your lab experiment.


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Objectives:

1. To calculate the energy requirement based on methods 1 and 2.

2. To compare the results between methods 1 and 2.

Procedures:


1. The student needs to calculate their energy expenditure for BMR, PA, TEF and
TDEE by using both methods (please show the calculation step in your report).

2. Compare the results between method 1 and 2. Which one is the most suitable
method to calculate your energy expenditure and how this method can help you
to control your body weight?

3. Make a conclusion and write the report.



Formula for Method 1

1. Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) = Energy rate x body weight (kg) x 24 hour

Men under 50 years = 1.0 calorie x body weight (kg) x 24 hour
Women under 50 years = 0.9 calorie x body weight (kg) x 24 hour
Men 50 years and above = 0.9 calorie x body weight (kg) x 24 hour
Women 50 years and above = 0.8 calorie x body weight (kg) x 24 hour

2. Physical Activities (PA)

Sedentary activities = 20-40% from BMR
Light activities = 55-65% from BMR
Moderate-heavy activities = 70-75% from BMR
Heavy activities = 80-100% from BMR

3. Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)

10% of BMR and PA (BMR + PA)

TOTAL DAILY ENERGY EXPENDITURE (TDEE) = BMR + PA + TM


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The formula for Method 2 (FAO/WHO/UNU)

1. Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) will be using the table no. 1

Table 1: Body Weight (W) for Estimate BMR Based on Sex

Men Women
Age Calorie/day Age Calorie/day
0-3 60.9W - 54 0-3 61.0W - 51
4-10 22.7W + 495 4-10 22.5W + 499
11-18 17.5W + 651 11-18 12.2W + 749
19-30 15.3W + 679 19-30 14.7W + 496
31-60 11.6W + 879 31-60 8.7W + 829
>60 13.5W + 487 >60 10.5W + 596




2. Physical Activities (PA) = BMR x PA

Table 2: Physical activities for men and women age 18-60 year

Sex Light Moderate Heavy Min
Men 1.55 1.78 2.10 1.82
Women 1.56 1.64 1.82 1.67




3. Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)

10% (BMR + PA)


TOTAL DAILY ENERGY EXPENDITURE (TDEE) = BMR + PA + TM