Notre Dame University

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering




Water And Waste Water Networks
CEN 463

Spring 2014



Final Project
Fanar Water Distribution Network













Submitted to: Dr, Fadi Matar
Submitted by: Karl El Hachem
Joseph Dagher
Salim Abou Samra

Abstract

The hereby study is a tentative to improve/modify the water network of a
selected area and have for purpose the study of a whole system as part of water
networks engineering.
The purpose of such study is to become familiar with the different possible
systems and networks as well as their application to real life situations. Our aim
in this project is to study/design a new network and its facility for Fanar town
(El Meten) as an area of study in order to fulfill the requirements of this project.
EPAnet software will be used later on in order to design the network system for
this town.
For the time being we are requested to investigate the current area to get all the
required data required to estimate the demand and inquire about the actual
facility, its use and the possible improvements we can bring to such existing
system.




















Table of Contents
Abstract .................................................................................................................................. 2
Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 4
Fanar descriptive map ...................................................................................................... 5
Data Collection ..................................................................................................................... 6
Demand Analysis ................................................................................................................ 8
Residential water demand: ...................................................................................................... 8
Non-residential water demand............................................................................................... 8
Academicals water demand ..................................................................................................... 9
Fire demand analysis: ..............................................................................................................10
Model Design ..................................................................................................................... 11
The pipe characteristics: .........................................................................................................11
Junction characteristics: .........................................................................................................11
Chosen trial network ................................................................................................................12
Consideration for the design .................................................................................................14
Overview of the network carachteristics ..........................................................................15
Units and defaults used ...........................................................................................................16
Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 17
Annexes ............................................................................................................................... 19
Appendix A1 design guidelines ............................................................................................19
APENDIX A2 link-node table ..................................................................................................22
Appendix A2 node details .......................................................................................................24
Appendix 4 link details ............................................................................................................26
Appendix 5 clear network on map ......................................................................................28




Introduction

In a first time we tried investigating the Zekrit area specifically for its industry
presence as well as the known scarcity of water resources and wastewater
network. Unfortunately due to the lack of serviceability of the municipality and
the lack of cooperation from their part forced us to move our focus on a different
area. Fanar was our best bet since the mayor of the area is very reachable and
available to all our questions.
The town already has a fairly working infrastructure system for the area but
definitely needs improvement and upgrades to serve efficiently this area.
Especially since it is a major zone of educational facilities housing several
schools and colleges.
Fanar is located over 2.3 Km2 d has an altitude of 250m above the sea level.
Contacting officials, visual inspection and research has collected the following
data.












Fanar descriptive map








Data Collection

First, we would like to thank the mayor Mr. Ghoussoub for sharing with us useful
information in order to achieve this report. The following are some technical,
environmental, geographical and demographic data about the area of study
arranged in no particular order.

-Location:
Fanar is located 8km from Beirut District,

-Demographic:
Fanar has an estimated population of 39000 capita distributed in around 12000
houses over an area of 2.3 km2. Fanar early expansion began in the late 80s and
still expanding exponentially till today.

-Academicals facilities:
Fanar holds 7 schools with 5000 students, 4 Lebanese universities

-Hospitals and other Facilities:
Fanar hosts no hospitals for the moment, but we find important to mention that
in 2020 a project for building a hospital will be very likely feasible due its
continuous growth.

-Projected growth:
The estimated growth from previous years leads us to take a growth of 5% per
year.

-Economic:
On an economic scale, as Fanar expanding, the price of land increased from 200$
to reach 1200$ in 2014.

-Environmental:
Fanar is known for its green environment where we can notice the pine trees
covering most of its green spot and when it comes to soil the major soil type
across this city is sand and rocks.

-Industrial/buisnesses
Fanar holds a large number of companies and industries while it has a wide
variety of industries around 17 industries are registered and more than 300
companies are located in fanar.

-Pluviometry:
Average pluviometer registered in 2013 is 920mm per year.

-Water facilities:
Two containing tanks are located in fanar one on top of the area and the other in
the middle near municipality.
Water provenance is from Jal eldib (maslahat miyah Beirut) and from ain saadeh
on emergency basis.
There are two networks one for each reservoir and the reservoir themselves are
connected to each others. Water is pumped from Jal el Dib to the lower reservoir
and then pumped back to the higher one in case it is emptied. The other way
around is possible when they bring water from Ain Saadeh they fill the higher
one by gravity and then the second one if needed.
The piping network is in continuous expansion and there is no accurate track of
it and the as for the actual pipes map is either unavailable or inaccessible
information. If we cannot access the actual map we may have to assume the path
of the pipe for the scope of this project






Demand Analysis


Following the steps documented in the annex we can formulate the needs of the
town.

We seek to find:

Average Day Water Demand: ADD = Daily average water demand
Maximum Day Water Demand: MDD = 1.6 x ADD
Peak Hour Water Demand: PHD = 2.5 x ADD

Residential water demand:
ADD: Average daily water demand = 225 L/capita/day + 10%

We have 39000 capita assuming each one of them consumes 225 L and increased
10% we get 39000*225*1.1= 9,652,500L

Non-residential water demand
Commercial ADD: 16,800 L/ha/day
Light Industrial ADD: 22,500 L/ha/day
Wet Industrial ADD: 33,600 L/ha/day

We have 300 businesses assuming each of 200m2 leads to 60,000m2, which
converts to 6ha

ADD commercial equal 6*16,800 = 100,800L

We have 17 industries assuming a mix between light and wet for a usage of
30,000 L/ha/day and an average of 800m2 each ie 13600m2 = 1.36ha

ADD Industrial equal 1.36*30,000= 48,000L

Academicals water demand
Schools and universities ADD: 16,800 L/ha/day

We have 7 schools and 4 universities for an average area of 4000m2 each
44000m2 ie 4.4ha

ADD academicals = 4.4*16800= 73,920L


Adding all ADD we have 9,652,500L+100,800L+48,000L+73,920L=9,875,220L

Rounding up: ADD total = 10,000,000L


MDD = 1.6 x ADD = 16,000,000L
PHD = 2.5 x ADD (hr.) = 1,042,000L/hr.









Fire demand analysis:

The following fire flow targets are suggested in the absence of building
construction details based on the Fire Underwriters Survey Water Supply for
Fire Protection:
Residential Single-family: 100 L/s
Residential Multi-family: 200 L/s
Street side Commercial: 250 L/s
Elementary Schools: 167 L/s
Junior and Senior High Schools: 267 L/s
Institutional: 250 L/s
Industrial: 383 L/s



























Model Design

We fitted all pipes in EPAnet to be located under the road with as
much manhole as efficient to secure ease of repair and access without
having to damage the road pavement therefore minimizing car
accident traffic and other problems since fanar is a high traffic zone
with many schools.


The pipe characteristics:

Using HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) pipes:
Diameter =100mm
Roughness: C=150
Check appendix A2 with a table with all details regarding pipes

Junction characteristics:

The junction have right data imputed by estimating the roughly how
many building will be supplied and their type

The total supply have to be around the calculated projected AAD of
10,000,00

Check appendix A3 with a table with all details regarding junctions

Chosen trial network





The preceding image is a screenshot of EPAnet showing the loaded scaled map
from which we could determine the length of each using the built in function of
EPAnet: Auto-length




Figure: Network with clear legend of pipe and junction number



The boundaries where created on google maps creator then imported to google
earth from which we could get the exact elevation of each of our nodes






Consideration for the design

Fanar region has already a reservoir that is located at half altitude so we need a
pump to supply the high parts of the region as a first trial we used the following
pump curve:



















We started the system and found that it all runs ok with no issue at all




Overview of the network carachteristics


Nodes with pressure below 100:



Links with high velocity (we can consider larger diameter pipes if needed to
reduce velocity):



Units and defaults used




Conclusion

As a first part of a greater project this paper is preliminary study for the fanar
area and has been done the most accurately as possible with all assumptions
clearly stated and well documented.
The purpose of this paper is to prepare for the following part that will be the
network and facilities for this town.
For now we have developed all the water requirements of the town using
standards and the data we could collect from the municipalities.
Our main goal will be implement the actual facilities instead of building a new
one from scratch.




































References

http://winnipeg.ca/waterandwaste/dept/waterdemand.stm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanar_(Matn)

http://www.baldati.com/networks/community.php?networkid=978

























Annexes
Appendix A1 design guidelines




















APENDIX A2 link-node table

Link - Node Table:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
--
Link Start End Length Diameter
ID Node Node ft in
--------------------------------------------------------------------
--
2 24 30 316.27 12
3 25 30 255.97 12
4 25 26 610.46 12
5 26 27 595.17 12
6 27 28 342.55 12
7 28 29 613.90 12
8 30 31 719.32 12
9 31 32 161.19 12
10 32 33 723.84 12
11 33 34 581.06 12
12 34 35 507.38 12
13 35 36 840.76 12
14 33 37 462.87 12
16 40 39 258.60 12
17 39 41 315.44 12
19 9 18 282.94 12
20 18 19 164.99 12
21 19 20 306.26 12
22 20 22 162.24 12
23 22 23 267.52 12
24 20 21 308.58 12
25 21 17 695.21 12
26 9 10 171.68 12
27 10 11 329.98 12
28 11 12 384.63 12
29 12 13 315.14 12
30 13 14 314.13 12
31 6 7 343.76 12
32 7 8 399.85 12
33 8 15 323.46 12
34 15 16 447.70 12
35 31 48 141.07 12
36 48 49 474.84 12
37 48 53 317.99 12
38 53 52 399.00 12
39 52 51 424.98 12
40 53 50 501.76 12
41 23 47 225.31 12
42 24 54 545.67 12
43 6 24 424.19 12
44 40 44 484.24 12
45 39 43 429.11 12
46 41 42 317.34 12
47 38 45 488.37 12
48 45 46 724.23 12
49 9 6 150.25 12
51 38 37 613.26 12
52 38 40 329.98 12
1 1 6 #N/A #N/A Pump



Energy Usage:
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Usage Avg. Kw-hr Avg. Peak Cost
Pump Factor Effic. /Mgal Kw Kw /day
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 100.00 75.00 819.52 85.70 85.70 0.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Demand Charge: 0.00
Total Cost: 0.00


















Appendix A2 node details

Node Results:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
--
Node Demand Head Pressure Quality
ID GPM ft psi
--------------------------------------------------------------------
--
6 24.75 445.64 89.11 0.00
7 24.75 445.63 80.43 0.00
8 24.75 445.62 80.43 0.00
9 40.30 445.43 89.01 0.00
10 40.30 445.41 80.34 0.00
11 40.30 445.39 76.00 0.00
12 40.30 445.37 75.99 0.00
13 40.30 445.36 80.32 0.00
14 40.30 445.36 84.65 0.00
15 40.30 445.61 76.09 0.00
16 40.30 445.61 80.42 0.00
17 40.30 445.27 80.28 0.00
18 43.00 445.36 88.98 0.00
19 43.00 445.33 88.97 0.00
20 43.00 445.28 75.95 0.00
21 43.00 445.28 75.95 0.00
22 43.00 445.28 75.95 0.00
23 43.00 445.27 75.95 0.00
24 43.00 444.79 93.07 0.00
25 43.00 444.20 105.81 0.00
26 37.00 444.17 114.46 0.00
27 37.00 444.15 140.45 0.00
28 37.00 444.14 136.12 0.00
29 37.00 444.14 157.78 0.00
30 37.00 444.23 101.49 0.00
31 37.00 443.46 114.16 0.00
32 37.00 443.36 109.78 0.00
33 15.60 442.98 122.62 0.00
34 15.60 442.96 139.94 0.00
35 51.00 442.95 144.27 0.00
36 51.00 442.94 157.26 0.00
37 38.50 442.85 122.56 0.00
38 38.50 442.54 126.76 0.00
39 38.50 442.43 144.04 0.00
40 38.50 442.45 139.72 0.00
41 38.50 442.43 148.37 0.00
42 38.50 442.43 148.37 0.00
43 38.50 442.43 139.71 0.00
44 38.50 442.45 135.38 0.00
45 25.60 442.53 126.76 0.00
46 25.60 442.53 105.09 0.00
47 27.50 445.27 123.61 0.00
48 27.50 443.45 122.82 0.00
49 27.50 443.45 135.82 0.00
50 25.60 443.44 144.48 0.00
51 25.60 443.43 153.14 0.00
52 25.60 443.44 148.81 0.00
53 25.60 443.44 140.15 0.00
54 25.60 444.79 97.40 0.00
1 -1742.85 250.00 4.33 0.00 Tank

































Appendix 4 link details

Link Results: (continued)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
--
Link Flow VelocityUnit Headloss Status
ID GPM fps ft/Kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------
--
12 102.00 0.29 0.03 Open
13 51.00 0.14 0.01 Open
14 359.20 1.02 0.29 Open
16 154.00 0.44 0.06 Open
17 77.00 0.22 0.02 Open
19 325.80 0.92 0.24 Open
20 282.80 0.80 0.19 Open
21 239.80 0.68 0.14 Open
22 113.50 0.32 0.03 Open
23 70.50 0.20 0.01 Open
24 83.30 0.24 0.02 Open
25 40.30 0.11 0.01 Open
26 201.50 0.57 0.10 Open
27 161.20 0.46 0.07 Open
28 120.90 0.34 0.04 Open
29 80.60 0.23 0.04 Open
30 40.30 0.11 0.01 Open
31 130.10 0.37 0.04 Open
32 105.35 0.30 0.03 Open
33 80.60 0.23 0.02 Open
34 40.30 0.11 0.01 Open
35 157.40 0.45 0.06 Open
36 27.50 0.08 0.00 Open
37 102.40 0.29 0.03 Open
38 51.20 0.15 0.01 Open
39 25.60 0.07 0.00 Open
40 25.60 0.07 0.00 Open
41 27.50 0.08 0.00 Open
42 25.60 0.07 0.00 Open
43 1020.40 2.89 2.02 Open
44 38.50 0.11 0.00 Open
45 38.50 0.11 0.00 Open
46 38.50 0.11 0.00 Open
47 51.20 0.15 0.01 Open
48 25.60 0.07 0.00 Open
49 -567.60 1.61 1.44 Open
51 -320.70 0.91 0.50 Open
52 231.00 0.66 0.27 Open
1 1742.85 0.00 -195.64 Open Pump







































Appendix 5 clear network on map