02-07-14

Plantas Elevadoras
de Aguas Servidas
Ingeniera Sanitaria Materia Extra

Velocity Head V /2g = 1 ft

Headloss
HL = 19 ft

Static Head
Z = 80 ft

Total Dynamic Head

THD = 100 ft

Suction Lift

FIGURE 5.12 Components of total dynamic head. (From Spellman, F.R. and Drinan, J., Water Hydraulics, Technomic Publ.,
Lancaster, PA, 2001.)

in a suction lift condition any time the center

(eye) of the impeller is above the water being
pumped (see Figure 5.12).
3. Suction head A pump is said to be in a
suction head condition any time the center (eye)
of the impeller is below the water level being
pumped. Specifically, suction head is the distance between the suction water level and the
center of the pump impeller when the pump is
in a suction head condition (see Figure 5.12).
4. Velocity head The amount of energy
required to bring water or wastewater from

presented and defined, and they are related pictorially in

Figure 5.13. Also discussed are wet wells, which are important, both in water and wastewater operations.

5.9.1 WELL HYDRAULICS

1. Static water level The water level in a well
when no water is being taken from the groundwater source (i.e., the water level when the
pump is off; see Figure 5.13). Static water level
is normally measured as the distance from the
ground surface to the water surface. This is an
important parameter because it is used to mea-

st

02-07-14

Hydraulic Machines: Pumps

Hoist

Discharge

FIGURE 7.12 Dry-well centrifugal pump. (From Spellman,

F.R. and Drinan, J., Pumping, Technomic Publ., Lancaster,
PA, 2001.)

Discharge

fugal pump. (From Spellman,

Technomic Publ., Lancaster,

ime mover (motor or engine)

pin the rotating element. As
volute casing, an area of low
er of the impeller. This prespressure on the water in the
er up to the impeller. (Note:

connected to a drive unit or prime mover (motor or engine)

187As
that supplies the energy to spin the rotating element.
the impeller spins inside the volute casing, an area of low
pressure is created in the center of the impeller. This pressure allows the atmospheric pressure on the water in the
supply tank to force the water up to the impeller. (Note:
We use the term water to include both freshwater (potable)
and wastewater, unless otherwise specified.) Because the
pump will not operate if there is no low-pressure zone
created at the center of the impeller, it is important that the
casing be sealed to prevent air from entering the casing.
To ensure the casing is airtight, the pump includes some
type of seal (mechanical or conventional packing) assembly at the point where the shaft enters the casing. This seal
also includes some type of lubrication (water, grease, or
oil) to prevent excessive wear.

FIGURE 7.13 Dry-well self-primin

man, F.R. and Drinan, J., Pumping,
caster, PA, 2001.)

When the water enters the casin

of the impeller transfers energy to
is transferred to the water in the fo
or velocity. The water is thrown ou
into the volute casing where the
allows the velocity of the water to
turn, converts the velocity energy (
sure energy (pressure head). The w
the pump through the pump dischar
nents of the centrifugal pump are s

7.10.2 THEORY

The volute-cased centrifugal pump

action necessary (i.e., converts velo

Compressed air
Discharge

FIGURE 7.13 Dry-well self-priming pump. (From Spellman, F.R. and Drinan, J., Pumping, Technomic Publ., Lancaster, PA, 2001.)

When the water enters the casing, the spinning action

of the impeller transfers energy to the water. This energy
is transferred to the water in the form of increased speed
or velocity. The water is thrown outward by the impeller
into the volute casing where the design of the casing

Lift
Water surface

02-07-14

Reference
Point

Jnside Edge of
Clear Opening
3/4

Upper Guide Bar Bracket

in. Anchor
Bolt (4x)

$Pit. Pump,
and Upper
Guide Bar
Bracket

Y Min.

Access Cover

shutoffvalve
5087 Ball
Check Val

Lifting Chain
Power Cable

$Pit

Safe Hatch

Ground
Elevation

Access Cover

Cable
Holder

Base Section

Top View

Grout

Safety
Chain Hook

Vent
'IDe

Pump
Control Panel
Upper Guide
Bar Bracket
Cable Holder
Safe Hatch

FMC 200

Intermediate
Guide Bar
(for deep
stations)

Pump
being lowered
into position
(no tools
necessary).
Connection
is automatic.

Access Cover
Grouf

Level Sensor
Hiqh Level Alarm
Intermediate Guide Bar Bracket
(usedfor guide bars more than 20 fl long)

Lag Pump On

Liquid Level
Sensors
Guide Bars*

Automatic Discharge
Connection

NOTES: Configuration and DIMS.

Shown are suggested requirements
only. All details, includingsizing of pit,
type, location, and arrangement of
valves and piping, etc., are to be
specified by the consulting engineer
and are subject to his or her approval.

19-38

WATER AND WASTEWATER ENGINEERING

0 Locate anchor bolts using inside edge

of clear opening and pump centerline

as reference point. Bolt locations must
be held to maintain exact position of
pump to clear opening.

@ Mix-f1ush valve.

Anchor Bolts
Guide bars are standard pipe.

Courtesy of /77Flygt Corporation.

Courtesy of l77Flygt Corporation.

Submersible
Pump
in Wet
Well Of the three types, pneumatic ejection, dry Duplex
Pumping
with
debris
is minimal.
pit, and Submersible
wet pit, only the
latter Station
two will be discussed here.

Major Physical Features. The prefab stations are manufactured in components that can be
shipped by truck. All of the equipment and appurtenances are mounted and connected perma216
nently within the module. The dry pit prefab stations use a modified manhole as the wet pit
(Figure 19-6). The wet pit prefab stations (Figure 19-18) use submersible pumps to avoid the
217
need for a dry pit.
Copyright (C) 2006
American
Water Works
Association
Rights
Reserved
As with
the conventional
lift stations,
provisionAllmust
be made
to prevent flooding. Frequently,
this is accomplished by elevating the top above the flood level. In addition, because the lift
Copyright (C) 2006 American Water Works Association All Rights Reserved

Separate external
valves for each
pump discharge

Force main
Effluent

Influent sewer

Highwater alarm
float switch

Se debe determinar la altura

mnima de funcionamiento del
sistema ya que esta
corresponde a la altura que es
necesaria realizar la impulsin.
Para simplificar el sistema se
deja Z1 como el nivel de
referencia (0 m).

Pump No.2 on
Pump No.1 on

Low water shutoff

float switch
Low water level
alarm

Esta debe ser estimada

mediante el tiempo en que se
va a operar la bomba de
impulsin (Forma
intermitente).

FIGURE 19-18
Factory-assembled lift station with submersible pumps. The external valves are placed in a chamber that allows access without
entering a confined space. (Adapted form Steel and McGhee, 1979.)

Referencia: Water And Wastewater Engineering y Metcalf and Eddy

ture
the wet
well
andaredry
wellof must
be and
isolated
from each other. This isolation
Wetand
Well.superstructure,
The fundamental purposes
of the
wet well
storage
wastewater
the provision of
sufficient
submergence
of the pump
suction
inlet to prevent
vortexes from forming
and
air
must
be
vapor
tight
to
ensure
that
volatile
and
poisonous
gases
(CH
and H2S, respectively, from
entrainment that will cause pump cavitation. In addition, space is often provided in the wet well 4
anaerobic
of the
sewage) cannot move from the wet well to the dry well.
for bar racksdecomposition
to protect the pumps from
clogging.
GLUMRB (2004)
specifies
that bar racks
be provided foror
pumps
handling wastewater
Backup
power
is provided
byshall
a generator
secondary
power with automatic switching. It
from sewers that are 750 mm or larger. The bar rack spacing varies from 25 to 150 mm between
must
be
properly
vented.
Fuel
storage
must
meet
local
fire codes.
Alternatively, natural gas may
bars. It is suggested that distance between bars be one-third the size of the maximum
solid diam02-07-14
that the
pump
can pass (Metcalf & Eddy, 1981). The screenings from the bar rack must either
beeter
used
as
fuel.
be removed from the pumping station for disposal or be ground up and returned to the flow.
GLUMRB (2004) specifies that the effective volume of the wet well shall be based on the

design
average flow
a filling time not to
exceed 30 minutes.
effective
design the of wastewater and the proviWet
Well.
Theandfundamental
purposes
of theAn
wet
wellway
areto storage
volume is to base it on the method of pump operation, keeping in mind that short cycling times
sion
of
sufficient
submergence
of
the
pump
suction
inlet
to
prevent
between pump starts will wear out the pump and motor. When a variable speed drive (also knownvortexes from forming and air
as a variable frequency
drivecause
or VFD)pump
or a magna
drive is used,In
theaddition,
required storage
volume
entrainment
that will
cavitation.
space
is isoften provided in the wet well
To prevent short-cycling, constant speed pumps require a large volume. The suggested
forsmall.
bar
racks
to
protect
the
pumps
from
clogging.
time between starts is a function of the motor size (Metcalf & Eddy, 1981):
GLUMRB (2004) specifies that bar racks shall be provided for pumps handling wastewater
For motors less than 15 kW: 15 minutes is recommended;
from sewers that are 750 mm or larger. The bar rack spacing varies from 25 to 150 mm between
For motors between 15 and 75 kW: ! 15 minutes;
bars. It is suggested that distance between bars be one-third the size of the maximum solid diam For motors between 75 and 200 kW: ! 20 to 30 minutes.
eter that the pump can pass (Metcalf & Eddy, 1981). The screenings from the bar rack must either
The volume of the wet well between start and stop elevations for a single pump or a singlebespeed
removed
from the pumping station for disposal or be ground up and returned to the flow.
pump control step for multiple-speed operation is given by (BSCE, 1961):
GLUMRB (2004) specifies that
Qt the effective volume of the wet well shall be based on the
V"
(19-12)
4
design average flow and3 a filling time
not to exceed 30 minutes. An effective way to design the
where V " required capacity, m
volumeQ is" pump
to base
it on the method of pump operation, keeping in mind that short cycling times
capacity, m3/min or increment in pumping capacity where one pump is already
between pump
starts
theorpump
andspeed
motor.
When a variable speed drive (also known
operating
and awill
secondwear
pump out
is started
where pump
is increased
as a variable
frequency
driveof or
) or
a (time
magna
drive
is used,
t " minimum
time in minutes
one VFD
pumping
cycle
between
successive
starts the
or required storage volume is
in speed
of a pump)
small. To changes
prevent
short-cycling,
constant speed pumps require a large volume. The suggested
The derivation
of this
equation
provided in Metcalf
Eddy (1981).
current trend
to use 1981):
time
between
starts
is aisfunction
of the&motor
sizeThe
(Metcalf
&isEddy,
variable frequency drives (VFD) to match incoming flow. This allows for a reduction in the volume of the wet well and minimizes the peak discharge to downstream sewers or the wastewater
Forplant.
motors less than 15 kW: 15 minutes is recommended;
treatment
In small pumping stations where one pump is designed to meet the capacity, the pump capac15 and
75wet
kW:
15identical
minutes;
ity(Q)For
is themotors
peak hourbetween
flow rate flowing
into the
well.!
If two
pumps are provided,

For motors between 75 and 200 kW: ! 20 to 30 minutes.

The volume of the wet well between start and stop elevations for a single pump or a singlespeed pump control step for multiple-speed operation is given by (BSCE, 1961):
Qt
V"
(19-12)
4
where V " required capacity, m3
Q " pump capacity, m3/min or increment in pumping capacity where one pump is already
operating and a second pump is started or where pump speed is increased
t " minimum time in minutes of one pumping cycle (time between successive starts or
changes in speed of a pump)
The derivation of this equation is provided in Metcalf & Eddy (1981). The current trend is to use
variable frequency drives (VFD) to match incoming flow. This allows for a reduction in the volume of the wet well and minimizes the peak discharge to downstream sewers or the wastewater
treatment plant.
In small pumping stations where one pump is designed to meet the capacity, the pump capacity (Q) is the peak hour flow rate flowing into the wet well. If two identical pumps are provided,

Ejemplo de Clculo
Valores(Sistema
Z1
Z2
Diametro
Diam
rea
Caudal/de/Tratamiento
Largo/Caeria

0m
9m
100
0,1
0,0079
9

mm
m
m2
L/seg

Se/recomiendan/velocidades/mayores/a/1,1/m/s/como/mnimo/y/una/velocidad/optima/de/1,5/m/s
Fuente:/Water/and/Wastewater/Engineering
Velocidad

1,15 m/seg

10 m
19-32

Perdida(de(por(Friccin
Hazen/Williams
C
Perdida(de(Carga

140
0,137 m

Suma/de/Singularidades
Perdida/de/Carga/por/Singularidad

2
0,134 m

Perdida(de(Carga(Total

0,271 m

H(bomba
Rho/30/C
Potencia(de(Bomba

9,271 m
995,7 Kg/m3
815 KW

WATER AND WASTEWATER ENGINEERING

Valores/recomendables/para/coef/"C"

TABLE 19-7

Suggested Hazen-Williams C values for force main design

Pipe material

Age

Lined DIP

New
Design year
New
Design year

Plastic pipe

C
140
120
! 150
120

Source: Data extracted from Metcalf & Eddy, 1981.

For a small-or medium-sized pumping station that pumps intermittently, the recommended
minimum velocity is 1.1 m/s. A desirable velocity is 1.5 m/s. In larger pump stations where
pumping is continuous because the influent flow rate is large and continuous, velocities on the
order of 0.7 to 1.5 m/s are recommended.
Pipe Materials. The pipe materials that are suitable for water distribution systems are also suitable for force mains (Chapter 17). The potential for crown corrosion, especially when pumping is
intermittent, must be considered in selecting the pipe material.
Depth of Cover. In comparison to gravity sewers, force mains are laid at a comparatively
shallow depth. A minimum cover of 0.9 m is used to minimize the impact of live loads. In cold
climates, the depth should be sufficient to protect against freezing.
Appurtenances. Two appurtenances that are not encountered in water distribution systems,
but are particular to force mains, are air and vacuum valves. A blowoff is a controlled outlet that
permits the draining or flushing of the pipe. They may be found at long depressed sections. They
consist of a manhole and an appropriate valve.
Air valves are used at high points in the force main to allow trapped air and other gases to be
released. The gas bubbles become trapped at the high points because intermittent pumping allows
the release of entrained and dissolved gases.

Pump Selection
Sewage is commonly pumped using specially designed centrifugal pumps. Of the three
types of centrifugal pumps, axial flow pumps are not recommended for use with untreated
wastewater.
Nonclog, radial-flow pumps are designed to handle untreated wastewater. Common design
features include enclosed impellers with less than four vanes for very large pumps and, usually,
less than three for smaller sizes. Because a 70 mm diameter solid can pass through most toilet
bowls (e.g., toy fire engines and baby dolls), GLUMRB (2004) specifies that pumps handling
untreated wastewater must be capable of passing a sphere at least 80 mm in diameter and that
pump suction and discharge openings be at least 100 mm in diameter.
Mixed-flow volute pumps may also be used to pump untreated wastewater. These pumps operate at higher speeds than radial flow, nonclog pumps. They are usually of lighter construction,

02-07-14

Fuentes de Informacin
Biblioteca

02-07-14 11:15

> Portada > Contacto > Busqueda

> Universidad > Admisin > Facultades > Docencia > Investigacin > Extensin > Comunicaciones > Egresados > Estudiantes > Servicios Portal > R. Internacionales

Biblioteca > Biblioteca Digital > Bases de Datos > Libros Electrnicos
Portada

Libros Electrnicos

Nosotros
Reglamentos y
Documentos de Apoyo
Bibliotecas
Biblioteca Digital
Bases de Datos
Recursos Gratuitos
Tutoriales
Servicios

E-LIBRO

Contactenos

Es la ms importante plataforma de libros digitales en

espaol. Brinda acceso a miles de contenidos acadmicos
de primer nivel provenientes de ms de 150 editoriales
lderes en el mercado. Las temticas acadmicas que
incluye son: Bellas Artes, Artes Visuales y Ciencias
Semiticas; Ciencias Sociales; Arquitectura, Urbanismo y
Diseo; Ciencias Econmicas y Administrativas; Ciencias
de la Salud; Psicologa; Ciencias Exactas y Naturales;
Ciencias Biolgicas, Veterinarias y Silvoagropecuarias;
Ingenieras y Tecnologas; Informtica, Computacin y
Telecomunicaciones.
Idioma: Espaol

Preguntas Frecuentes

Cobertura: Variable segn el ttulo.

Intranet Administrativa

SpringerLink

Ofrece un acceso completo a la mayor coleccin de

publicaciones cientficas, tcnicas, y medicas que incluyen
monografas, libros de textos, manuales, atlas, obras de
referencia, y las connotadas series de Springer , como
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Lecture Notes in
Mathematics o Lecture Notes in Physics. Las colecciones
disponibles son: Engineering, Computer Science y
Professional and Applied Computing.
Idioma: Ingls.
Cobertura: Variable segn ttulo.

Ofrece acceso completo a 4.317 ttulos de libros

electrnicos de 30 reas temticas (Ingeniera, Qumica,
Biologa, Bioqumica, Ciencia de los Alimentos,
Nanotecnologa,
Farmacutica
entre
otras),
pertenecientes a 110 prestigiosas Editoriales y
Organismos Internacionales.
Knovel

Idioma: Ingls.
Cobertura: Variable segn ttulo.

Ofrece acceso completo a 1.618 libros electrnicos, cuyo

catlogo contempla ediciones de prestigiosas editoriales
como Cengage, Pearson, Paidotribo, entre otras.
La plataforma permite el servicio de autoprstamo.
Myilibrary

Idioma: Espaol
Cobertura: Variable segn ttulo.

Volver

Dr. Enrique Kirberg N 4 , Ex - Schatchtebeck, Estacin Central. Santiago - Chile Tel (56-2) 718-26-00

Universidad De Santiago De Chile. Avenida Alameda Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363. Estacin Central. Santiago. Chile
| Mesa Central (562) 718 00 00-Soporte Tcnico Segic : 7180225 - Resolucin Optima De 800x600.

http://biblioteca.usach.cl/index.php?id=1251

Pgina 1 de 1