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Project in Armenia
SHORT REPORT
Confidentiality memorandum
The present Report is submitted to consideration on confidential basis and only for
making a decision on financing of this project and it cannot be used for copying or any
other purposes neither be passed to a third party without written consent of the above
mentioned project initiator. Taking this Report for consideration, the recipient takes on
responsibilities for non-disclosure of the content and guarantees return of the present copy
of the document to the project initiator if not planning to finance this project.
All estimations, plans, offers and conclusions quoted in this Report in respect to profit
potential, production and distribution volumes, capital and current costs, profit rate, price
characteristics and market appraisal are based on concerted opinions of the participants of
project elaboration.
During the 1960's through the 80's the technology was object of secret, military and aerospace
applications. In 1995 it was declassified and released for civilian use. From then on, only very
few companies have - with significant investments in R&D and capital - mastered the difficult
production process and are producing continuous filament (CF) Basalt fibers in commercial
quantities. Although significant research has been carried out by other organizations, including
some in the West, these entities have not been successful so far in either producing CF Basalt
fiber, or producing it in marketable quantities.
According to experts data, Armenia belongs to list of few countries having a huge basalt
resources, and this basalt is very suitable for production purposes. The main data of material
compound and basic physical and mechanical properties (volumetrical weight and strength) of
basalt group rocks (BGR) in Armenia are listed in the Table 1.1. Fluctuation of the indices are
explained by the presence of numerous variety in the group which are considerably differed by
their properties.
Brief Description
of material composition and basic physic-mechanical characteristics
Table 1.1
General RockMaking
Minerals
Volumetric
Weight,
kg/m3
Durability
Limit
at
Compression
kG/cm2
2600-2900
1000-2000
Shpat, Piroxen,
Olivin, Volcanic
glass, Quartz
AL2O3
CaO
K2O+Na2O
43-67
14-25
3-13
3-7
Other
0-5
To have a clear view of BGRs resources number of deposits including units with reserves on
industrial categories (A+B+C1) are presents in Table 1.2. The transport resources of
exploitation could be estimated on basis of the data provided in this Table of deposit resources
located not far from railway than 10 km. These resources are entirely sufficed to organize
large-scale exploitation for hundred years.
General Data of BGRs resources in Armenia
Table 1.2
Number of Fields
in all
73
34
General
in all
on industry category
42039
318
13307
301
It should be mentioned that the figures listed in the Table 1.2 not fully include all possible
BGRs resources of Armenia. It includes only reserves of deposits prospected and estimated by
the official geological investigations. General BGR reserves, if one emanates from spreading of a
blanket of lava, form not less than 125 billion cubic meters instead of 42 billion cubic meters
shown in the Table 1.2.
SI
Units
Basalt
Filaments
Fiberglass
Silica
Filament
(C)
982
650
1100
(C)
820
480
1000
(C)
-260
-60
-170
Thermal conductivity
(W/m K)
0.034-0.04
0.035-0.04
Melting temperature
(C)
0.0310.038
1450
1120
1550
Virtification conductivity
(C)
1050
600
1300-1670
Glow loss
(%)
1.91
0.32
1.75
(ppm/
C)
8.0
5.4
0.05
(g/cm3)
2.75
2.6
2.15
(microns)
Thermal
Physical/Mechanical
Density
Filament diameter
Tensile strength
Compression
9-23
9-13
9-15
(M Pa)
4840
3450
4750
(psi)
550,000
440,000
510,000
(G Pa)
89
77
66
(x10 /K)
5.5
0.5
Elongation at break
(%)
3.15
4.7
1.2
(%)
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
(%)
100
100
100
(%)
95
92
94
(%)
82
52
80
Elastic modulus
Linear expansion coefficient
Acoustics:
(%)
0.9-0.99
0.8-0.93
0.85-0.95
(ohm.m)
1*10x12
1*10x11
1*10x11
(1 MHz)
0.005
0.0047
0.0049
(1 MHz)
2.2
2.3
2.3
H2O
(%)
0.2
0.7
0.05
(%)
5.0
6.0
5.0
(%)
2.2
38.9
15.7
Electrical:
Chemical Resistance
% weight loss after 3 hrs boiling in:
Process Description
As crushed basalt enters the furnace, the material is liquefied at a temperature of 1500C/2732F
(glass melt point varies between 1400C and 1600C). Unlike glass, which is transparent, the
opaque basalt absorbs rather than transmits infrared energy. Therefore it is more difficult for the
overhead gas burners used in conventional glass furnaces to uniformly heat the entire basalt mix.
With overhead gas, the melting basalt must be held in the reservoir for extended periods of time
up to several hours to ensure a homogenous temperature. Basalt producers have employed
several strategies to promote uniform heating, including the immersion of electrodes in the bath.
But many companies prefers gas heating to electric, for quality reasons, despite increased
manufacturing costs. Finally, a two-stage heating scheme is employed, featuring separate zones
equipped with independently controlled heating systems. Only the temperature control system in
the furnace outlet zone, which feeds the extrusion bushings, requires great precision, so a less
sophisticated control system may be used in the initial heating zone.
A simplified diagram of a
basalt fiberization processing
line:
1) crushed stone silo;
2) loading station;
3) transport system,
4) batch charging station,
5) initial melt zone,
6) secondary heat zone with
precise temperature control,
7) filament forming bushings,
8) sizing applicator,
9) strand formation station,
10) fiber tensioning station,
11) automated winding station.
Like glass filaments, basalt filaments are formed by platinum-rhodium bushings. As they cool, a
sizing agent is applied and the filaments are moved to speed-controlled fiber stretching
equipment and then on winding equipment, where the fiber is spooled.
Comprised of single-ingredient raw material melt, basalt fibers are superior to other fibers in
terms of thermal stability, heat and sound insulation properties, vibration resistance and
durability. Basalt continuous fibers offer the prospect of a completely new range of composite
materials and products. Basalt fibers replace asbestos in almost all applications. Basalt based
composites can replace steel and all known reinforced plastics (1 kg of basalt reinforcement
equals 9 kg of steel). The life of basalt fiber pipes, designed for a variety of applications, is at
least 50 years without maintenance or electrical or technical protection.
Basalt fibers together with carbon or ceramic fibers as well as various metals is the most
advanced and exciting area of application, as they can develop new hybrid composite materials
and technologies. Basalts special properties reduces the cost of products whilst improving their
performance. Basalt fibers are new unique and economic products with superior properties to
similar one in present use like as glass fibers. Basalt fibers can replace E-glass and even S-glass.
The application temperature of articles made of basalt fibers markedly higher (from -260C to
900C).
In their physical properties (strength, elasticity) basalt fibers considerably exceed mineral and
some kinds of glass fibers. Due the elasticity of micro- and macrostructure, basalt fibers are
vibration-resistant compared to similar products. This property is of particular importance in
mechanical construction.
In chemical properties basalt fibers are more resistant to aggressive media i. e. acids and alkalis.
Therefore pipes made of basalt fibers may be used in the chemical production for transporting
hot acids, in the construction of sewerage systems, transportation of aggressive liquids and gases,
loose materials, etc. Basalt plastic rods can replace steel and fiber glass plastic rod and bar in
road reinforcement.
The processing technologies of basalt fiber conforms to traditional technologies of glass fiber
processing (fabrics, roving, chopped strands, GFRP). Thanks to their excellent properties basalt
fiber may be used for manufacturing of thermo and alkali resistant articles (tanks, pipes, GFRP,
warm insulating materials) and as ecological harmless substitute for asbestos.
Basalt fibers can be used in various branches of industry replacing glass fibers and metals.
List of some application areas for Basalt Fiber based Construction materials
Energy sector
1. High voltage lines poles
2. Low voltage posts
3. Electric sub-stations buildings
4. Sub-stations flooring
5. Nuclear Power plants external walls and partitions
6. Underground buildings and Radioactive waste containers
7. Water-cooling towers construction parts
8. Water storage basins dams and other units
9. Underground, underwater and ground pipelines
Etc.
Agro sector
1. Supporting blocks, braces for vineyards (smooth surfaces with no cracks and clinks
2. Greenhouses carcasses
3. Beehives baffle plates and decking plus basalt wadding for cavity filling (currently
produced by our workshop now)
4. Fish-breeding ponds walls, flooring and wall-plates
5. Boxes for fresh fruits and vegetables transportation
6. Irrigation systems pipelines
7. Floorings and other parts for caw houses and other buildings
Etc.
Transport sector
1. Passenger stocks internal and external furnishing
2. Railroad ties
3. Refrigerator wagons insulating panels
4. Barrage bars for highways
Etc.
Variety of the products made from the same raw material produced by the
competitor
Most of mentioned Players produce just CBF, some make final product we talking about
(pultruded profiles made from Fiberglass).
Anyway find below the list of products available at the moment:
Basalt Fiber (thin and super thin);
Thermo-, Hydro- and sound-resistant insulating materials;
Basalt Roving;
Basalt wool and wadding;
Mats made from Basalt roving;
Pipes and tubes;
Rods, Bars, Rebars and reinforcement;
Fittings;
Basalt scales (BSc) materials & covering
Automotive parts;
Electro technical applications such as extra fine resistant insulation for electrical
cables and underground ducts
Woven Basalt Fiber Fabrics;
Variety of cloths, i. e.
CBR applications
In the construction sector:
reinforcement scrims for facade cladding, gypsum or cement panels;
joints for wall-crack repair and wall-covering;
as safe asbestos replacement;
rebar as reinforcement for concrete structures;
technical textiles as fire curtains for fire protection and containment;
technical textiles as wall laminate to enhance burn-through times to meet building regulations;
In the engineered composite sector:
mesh for road repair and soil stabilization;
fabrics for aircraft parts and helicopter blades, for ice hockey sticks and windsurfers, for
snowboards and boat hulls, for wind mill blades and car parts;
chopped strands as reinforcement for composites, polyester/epoxy resins and plastics.
In the industrial equipment sector:
fabrics for the reinforcement of abrasive grinding disks;
thermal insulating covers and gloves;
carpet reinforcement.
In the automotive sector:
chopped roving as reinforcement for composites used in automotive body panels;
chopped roving as reinforcement for friction materials such as brake pads and linings;
filler to nonwoven veils (headliners);
high-temperature insulation shields;
high-performance automotive muffler filler.
In the chemical and oil processing industry:
insulation material in chemically aggressive environments;
filter filler in chemically aggressive environments.
In the electronic sector:
fabric for printed circuit boards.
Composites made of roving with application of pultrusion technique, including rods, reinforcing
materials, profiles, and small pipes.
For better understanding of world demand please pay attention to figures shown below:
World consumption of iron/steel bars and reinforcement in 2008 is assessed as $160 B
Same for stainless steel (2001) was $16B
World consumption of Basalt Composite bars and reinforcement in 2001 was assessed as $300
M
The same in 2010 estimated as $1,6 B.
Project Initiators proposals for the repayment of the loan Loan structured with 1,5-2 year Grace
period or Equity structured with up to 30% share stake
$106
$300
% of total
cost
6.62
18.76
3.
$137.5
8.59
$10
$10
$340
$95.2
$290
$42
$1330.7
$250
$1580
$20.3
$1601
0.62
0.62
21
5.94
18
2.64
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.64
1.27
100
Basalt roving
Resins & special additives
Electric Power
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
13.
14.
$1601
$295
$60
$2
$5
$60
$16.8
$130
$20
$2174.8
$95
$15
$2299.8
% of total
cost
69.7
12.9
2.6
0.001
0.002
2.6
0.8
5.7
0.9
4.1
0.7
100
So, 1 kilo of CBF cost is $1.6, and 1 kilo of final Basalt Composite Material cost is $2.3.
Patenting issues
There is no special patent requirement for Basalt Composites production in Armenia.
Existing basalt wool production workshop in Hrazdan City will serve as a Project
implementation basis, where new Fiber production equipment will be installed.
Further Basalt Fiber processing via Pultrusion will be organized on the basis of Canadian
companys exclusive technology, which is agreed to be used as their know-how.
This Canadian Company, and its President are most experienced in Basalt based pultrusion
technologies, holding many innovative know-how about this particular process and especially
concerning resins and additives no one else in the world knows at the moment.
During last 3 years the Canadian partner work hardly to develop experimental samples of
pultruded profiles made of Basalt Fiber, so his great experience and good and tangible results
along with first experimental samples of new products ensure future successful mass production.
Our company since 2007 (from 2004 in fact) cooperates with Canadian company as Authorized
Dealer.
Existing facilities
Existing production units and premises
The project owner has already (in 2008) purchased (M&A) an existing company in Kotayq
province with its Basalt Wool Production Workshop (operating), which is located near large
Hrazdan Thermo Power Plant.
Total surface is 0.65 hectares with about 1230 sq m building.
Besides, the company owes its own production workshop in Yerevan City , where future Basalt
processing (pultrusion) Div. is planned to establish.
Total surface is about 2900 sq m of 2 buildings (Administrative office and Production site).
Both has all necessary energy supply (gas, electricity, water) and communications.
Some modernization work should be done to develop and adjust these premises to launch new
proposed production and new machinery & equipment installation and assembly.
Management Team
Name
Occupation
Experience
MR.GAGIK KIRAKOSYAN
M R . H A Y K G. A R A B Y A N
President of ONIX GC
International Energy
Corporation
Councilor of General Manager