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Ch. 13 Polymers
Spring 2009
Seokwoo Jeon
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury
KAIST
Movie
Introduction
• Polymers = “many mers”
= plastic (due to plastic deformation)
g y
• Chemical category
– Metal and ceramics : inorganic material
– Polymer : organic material
terminator
Copolymer
A polymer derived from two or more monomers
Alternating copolymers
Periodic copolymers
(e.g.
(e g ((A-B-A-B-B-A-A-A-A-B-B-B))n)
Random copolymers
Block copolymers
Graft copolymers
p y
Polyfunctional monomer
Symmetry of chain
Atactic
Interruption of Chain Structure
Branching Cross-linking
Thermosetting Polymers
Hard and rigid upon heating
Network molecular structure formed by the step-growth mechanism
Enhanced by high temperature and irreversible
High strength and stiffness, not being recylable
Traditional elastomers
Adhesives
Additives
1. Plasticizer
to soften polymer, low molecular weight
2 Filler
2.
to strengthen polymer, volume replacement to reduce cost.
short-fiber cellulose, asbestos, carbon black (tire rubber)
glass fiber (fiber glass reinforced plastic = FRP)
3. Stabilizer
to reduce polymer degradation by oxidation, thermal, or ultraviolet
4 Flame retardants
4.
5. Colorants
Pigment : insoluble
insol ble ~ TiO2, Al2O3-SiO
SiO2
Dyes : soluble ~ organic colorants