Mathematics QM 016

Topics 6: Functions and Graphs

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Functions and Graphs

1.

Find the distance and the coordinates of the midpoint of the line joining each pair
of points below.
a) A(4,8) and B(10,2)

b) P(4,6) and Q(-1, 8)

2.

Given M(4,-2), is the midpoint of P(2, 6) and Q(x, y). Find the value of x and y.

3.

Given points A, B and C are (-2,7), (6,-1) and (9,4) respectively and T is the
midpoint of AB. Find
a) coordinate T
b) the equation of TC
c) the equation of BC

4.

Find the equation of the straight line that passes through

a) A(2,3) and the gradient is 4
b) A(2, -4) and B(-5, 1)
c) R(1, 5) and is perpendicular to x + y + 15 = 0
d) C(2, 8) and is parallel to the line x + 2y + 15 = 0
e) the point of intersection between x + 2y = 8 and 2y x =8 with the gradient of
6.

5.

In the triangle PQR, Q is the point (2, -3), R is the point (5, 3) and the equations
of the sides PQ, PR are x + y + 1 = 0 and 2x y + 11 = 0 respectively. Find
a) the coordinates of P
b) the equation of the straight line passing through P and parallel to QR.

6.

The points of A, B, C and D are the vertices of a parallelogram. Given the sides of
AB and AD are 3x 4y + 1 = 0 and 2x y 1 = 0 respectively and the
coordinates of C is (6,6). Find
a) the equations of BC and DC
b) the coordinates of the remaining vertices

Mathematics QM 016
Topics 6: Functions and Graphs
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c) the coordinates of F which is the intersection of AC and BD
7.

Find the equation of the straight line joining the point of intersection of the lines
x + 3y 12 = 0 and 3x y 6 = 0 and perpendicular to the line 2x y = 3.

8.

Find the coordinates R(x,y) which divide AB in the given ratio.

a) A(-1, 4) B(3, 1)

1:2 internally

b) A(3,5)

3:2 externally

B(-2,3)

9.

Determine whether the line 2x 3y + 1 = 0 divide the straight line joining the
point of A(2, 1) and B(4, -1) internally or externally. Hence find the ratio of the
division.

10.

Given P(1,0), Q(4,3) and R(7,1) are vertices of a triangle. Find

a) the equation of PR
b) the distance from point Q to PR
c) the area of the triangle PQR

11.

If A ={1, 2, 3, 4} and B is set of all integers, draw the arrow diagram showing the
function f: xx -3 where x A . What is the range of the function?

12.

Sketch the graph y = x2 -1 with domain -3 x 2. What is the range of the

relation?

13.

f(x) = x2 3x. Evaluate f(1), f(2) and f(-1).

14.

(x) = x2 8x + 7. Evaluate (0), (1). For what values of x is (x) = 0?

15.

For what values of x is the function (x) = ( x 1)( x 3) defined?

16.

For what values of x is the function (x 5)(x 7) negative? For what values of x
is the function ( x 5)( x 7) defined?

17.

Define y as an explicit function of x (if possible) when

a. x + 4y = x3
b. x + y + 2 = x2
c. x5 + y5 = 3.
d. y x = 2

Mathematics QM 016
Topics 6: Functions and Graphs
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18.

19.

If f(x) = 2x, g(x) = x 1 and h(x) = x2, find

(a)
fg(x)
(b)
gh(x)
(d)
f 2g(x)
(e)
hgf(x)

(c)
(f)

fgh(x)
gh 2(x)

If f(x) = 2x 3 and g(x) = x 2 + 5, find

(a)
gf(2)
(b)
fg(3)
(d)
gf(x)
(e)
fg(x + 1)

(c)
(f)

fg(a 1)
g 2(x)

20.

If f(x) = 2x 3 and fg(x) = 2x + 1, find g(x).

21.

If f(x) = x 1 and gf(x) = 3 + 2x x 2, find g(x).

22.

The function f and the composite function f g are defined as follows:

f : x x 2 + 1, x 0 and f o g : x x2 - 2x + 2, x 1
Define the function g.

23.

The function g and the composite function g f are defined as follows:

g : x ln x, x 0 and g o f : x 2 ln(x + 1), x -1
Define the function f.

24.

Find the inverse of each of the following functions, stating its domain.
(a)
f(x) = x 2 + 1,
x 0
2
(b)
f(x) = (x 1) ,
x 1
(c)
g(x) = (x 2)(x 4),
x 3

25.

(d)

h(x) =

(e)

h(x) =

x 3
x2
x2

x 3

x 2

The functions f and g are defined by

f : x 2(x + 3)2 - 5,
g:x
(a)
(b)

26.

x5
2

x -5

Show that f is a one-to-one function and find an expression for f 1(x).

Find an expression for gf(x).

The functions f and g are defined by

f : x x3,
x R
g : x 2 - 3x,
x R
Find
(a)

x -3;

fg(x)

Mathematics QM 016
Topics 6: Functions and Graphs
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(b)
27.

(fg)-1(x)

The functions f and g are defined by

f: x
g:x
(a)
(b)

28.

1
2

x 0

ln x,
x 0

x,

Find f -1 and state its domain.

Find the composite function g f 1 and state its range.

The function f, g and h are defined as follows:

f : x 2 x 1, x

1
2

g : x x2 , x
h : x ln x, x 0

Find these composite function (if exist)

h f
h (g f )
a)
d)
g f
g (g f )
b)
e)
g

h
f ( g h)
c)
f)
29.

Sketch the graph of each of the following functions and its inverse.
(a)
f(x) = x + 3,
x R
(b)
f(x) = 2x - 1,
x R
(c)
f(x) = (x 1)(x + 1),
x 0
(d)

f(x) = x2 + 3x - 4,

x -

3
2

30. Find the inverse of each of the following functions. In each case, sketch the graph
of the function and its inverse.
(a) f(x) = x 3 - 3
(b) f(x) = 2 x
(c) f(x) = log (x + 1)
31. The function f is defined as
h : x x 2 3x , x R .
Show that the function h is not one to one function. If the domain of h is modified to
{ x: x

R, x L} so that the function is one to one, find the smallest values of L.

32. Find the domain and range of the following functions and sketch the graph.
(a) f(x) = 6 x
(b) f(x) = 3 x+1
(c) f(x) = e2x + 5
(d) f(x) = 1 e2x
-2x
(e) f(x) = - e

Mathematics QM 016
Topics 6: Functions and Graphs
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33. Find the domain and range for the following functions, hence sketch the graph.
(a) f(x) = log5 x
(b) f(x) = log3 (-x)
(c) f(x) = ln(x-3)
(d) f(x) = -ln(x-3)
34. The function f is defined as
f : x ln( x 1)
(a) Find f -1
(b) Determine the domain and range of f -1
(c) Sketch the graph f and f -1 on the same axis.
35. Given the function f(x) = e x + 1.
(a) Find f -1 and determine the domain.
(b) Show that f -1 is a function.
(c) Sketch the graph f and f -1 on the same axis.
36. The function f and g is defined as follows
f : x 1 + 2e-x
g:x

ln

2
,
x 1

x 1

(a) Find fg(x). What can we says about the function g.

(b) Sketch on the same axis the graph f and f -1.
37. The function f is defined as f : x x 2 1, x 2. State the range of f.
Give the definition of f -1 which is equivalent. Sketch the graph of f and f -1 on the
same axis. State the relationship between the graph f and f -1.

Mathematics QM 016
Topics 6: Functions and Graphs
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PAST YEAR QUESTIONS

1. The functions f and g are defined as follows:
f : x x2 -1 , x R
g : x e-x , x R+
(a) Determine whether the function f is one to one. Explain your answer.
(b) Find g-1 and g-1 o f.
(c) Determine the domain of g-1.
(Mac 2001/7 marks)
2. Given f(x) = x2 + 1 and g(x) = x 1 .
(a) State the domains and ranges of f and g.
(b) Find f o g, g o f and f o g o f.
(c) On the same axes, sketch the graphs f and g.
(d) State the domain of f so that f is the inverse of g.
(Mac 2001/12 marks)
3. Given f(x) =
domain.

, g(x) = x 1 and h(x) = ex. Find f o g o h and determine the

(Mac 2002/7 marks)

4. The function f and g are given as follows

f(x) = x
g(x) = x 1
(a) State the domain and range for f and g.
(b) Find f o g and sketch the graph.
(c) Does the f o g function one to one ? Give your reason.
(d) State the possible domain for f o g so that it has an inverse.
(e) Sketch the inverse of (f o g)-1.
(Mac 2002/12 marks)
5. Given that f(x) = 2x + 1 and h(x) = 2x2 + 4x + 1, find a function g such that
(fog)(x) = h(x).
Write g(x) in the form of a(x+b)2 + c, where a, b and c are constants.
(Mac 2003/6 marks)

Mathematics QM 016
Topics 6: Functions and Graphs
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6. Given that f , g and h as follows

f(x) = x
g(x) = x2 1
h(x) =
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

1
, x0
x

Find F(x) = ( f o g o h)(x). State its domain and range.

Find all the asymptotes of F and determine the interval where F is continuous.
Find the values of x when F(x) = 5.
Sketch the graph of F.
(Mac 2003/15marks)

7. Given g x 3 x and h x

1
.
x3

(a) Find f x such that f g h x

x
x 1

(b) Determine the domain of f g h x .

(April 2004/6marks)
8. A function f is defined by
x

f x

x 9
2

(a) State the domain of f .

(b) Find the vertical asymptotes.
f x and lim
f x . Hence, state the horizontal asymptotes.
(c) Determine lim
x
x
(d) Find f 1 and determine the range of f .
(e) Sketch the graph of f .
(April 2004/15marks)
9. Functions f and g are defined as
f ( x) e 2 x

Find f

g ( x ) 1 x,

( x ) and hence obtain ( g f

x R.

)( x).

(October2005/5 marks)

Mathematics QM 016
Topics 6: Functions and Graphs
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Answers
3
,1)
2

a) 2

2.

x = 6, y = -10

3.

a)(2,3)

4.

a)

4x y 5 = 0

b) 5x + 7y + 18 = 0

c)

xy+4=0

d) x + 2y 18 = 0

13

, (7,10) b)

221 , (

1.

b) x 7y + 19 = 0

c) 5x 3y 33 = 0

e) 6x y + 4 = 0

5.

a) P(-2, 11)

b) 2x y + 5 = 0

6.

a) BC : 2x y 6 = 0
DC : 3x 4y + 6 = 0

7.

x + 2y 9 = 0

8.

a) R ( ,3)

9.

externally,

10.

a) x 6y 1 = 0

11.

range = { - 2, -1, 0, 1}

13.

- 2,- 2, 4

15.

all value except 1 and 3

17.

a )y

18.

a. 2(x 1) b. x2 1 c. 2(x2 -1) d. 4(x 1)

19.

a. 6 b. 25 c. 2a2- 4a + 7 d. 4x2 -12x +14 e. 2x2 + 4x + 9

1
3

b) A(1,1), B(5,4), D(2,3)

b) R(-12,-1)
1:6
b)

14.

x3 x
4

15 37
37

12.

c)

15
2

range = { 8, 3, 0, - 1 }

x = 1 or x = 7
16.

i. 5 < x < 7

b )y x 2 x 2 c )y 3 x 5

21. 4 x2

22. x 1

ii. x 5 x 7

e. (2x 1)2 f. x4 1

f. x4 + 10x + 30
20. x + 2

7 7
2 2

c) ( , )

23. f(x) = ( x + 1 )2

Mathematics QM 016
Topics 6: Functions and Graphs
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24 )a ). f 1 ( x ) x 1,x 1 D f 1 1,
b ) f 1( x ) x 1,x 0

0,

-1

c )g 1( x ) x 1 3 Dg 1 1,
2 3x
Dh1 ,0 0,
x
2 1 x
e )h 1 ( x )
Dh1 ,1 1,
x 1
d )h 1 ( x )

25. b. g (f(x)) = x + 3

27.a ) f 1 ( x ) e 2 x
28.

26.a ) fg( x ) ( 2 3x )

b ) g o f 1

x e

ln(2 x 1)

a)
c)
e)

b)

(ln x ) 2

( 2 x 1) 4

f)
c.

29. a.
f

y=x
f-1

3
-3

3
-3

f
1

-1
-1
b.

y=x
f-1

b ) fg

range 0,
(2 x 1) 2
ln(2 x 1) 2
d)
2(ln x ) 2 1

2x
(x)
2

Mathematics QM 016
Topics 6: Functions and Graphs
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f

y=x
f-1

1
1/2
-1

1/2 1
-1

d.

y=x
f-1

-25/40 -3/2

-3/2
-25/40

ANSWERS FOR PAST YEAR QUESTIONS

1.

b.

g 1 f ln x 2 1

2.

a.

Df

J f 1,

c.

D g 1 x 0,

Mathematics QM 016
Topics 6: Functions and Graphs
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b.

D g 1,

J g 0,

f g x

g f x

f g f x2 1

c.
y
x
x
y=x

x
1

d.

3.

4.

J g D f 0,

f g h

a.

b.

D f 0,

ex 1

Df

J f 0,

Dg

Jg

f g ( x) x 1

Mathematics QM 016
Topics 6: Functions and Graphs
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f g (x)

x
1

d.

i.

e.

i.

D f g 1,

ii.

D f g ,1

for x 1

x
1

4.

e.

ii.

for x 1

Mathematics QM 016
Topics 6: Functions and Graphs
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f g

y=x
xxxx

f g 1
5.

6.

g ( x) x 2 2 x

= x 1 2 1

x =R

a. F(x) = | 1/x2 1 | Domain F = ( -, 0) U ( 0, ),

Range F = [ 0, )
b. Asymptotes horizontal : y 1
Asymptotes vertical : x 0
Interval F continuous = D f ,0 0,
c. x 0.408
d.

1
6

-1

Mathematics QM 016
Topics 6: Functions and Graphs
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7.

a. f x

1
1 x

; x 1

b. Domain f g h x ,1 1,0 0,
8.

a. Domain f ,3 3,
b. Vertical asymptotes : x 3
c. lim f x 1
x

lim f x 1
x
Horizontal asymptotes : y 1
1
d. f x

3x
x2 1

Range f Domain f 1 ,1 1,

f x

e.

y 1

x
y 1

x 3

9.

1
ln x, x 0
2
1
1 ln x, x 0
2

TIPS FOR TOPIC 6

x3

Mathematics QM 016
Topics 6: Functions and Graphs
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1. Do not confuse composition with multiplication i.e. f o g(x) f(x) x g(x)
2. f o g means: do g first and then f . Do not get this the wrong way round.
3. When working with functions, f -1 means the inverse of function f, an not the
reciprocal of function f
4. The graph of y = -f(x) is a reflection of the graph of y = f(x) in the x-axis
whereas
the graph of y = f(-x) is obtained by reflecting the graph of in the
y-axis.
5. For simple exponential function in the form of y = aebx+c +d , there is a horizontal
asymptote whereas for simple logarithmic function in the form of y = aln(bx +c)
+d, there is a vertical asymptote.