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I. GENERAL RULES
SECTION I
GENERAL RULES
1.1 PURPOSE OF RULES
The primary purpose of these rules is to establish, for the Republic of Philippines, uniform standards,
regulations and requirements for Electronics and Communications Design, planning manufacture,
production, fabrication, construction, installation, operation, and maintenance, the application of which
will insure adequate protection and safety to persons therein engaged and as well as in the provision,
operation and use of electronics and or communications components, devices, equipment, systems, plants,
stations, services, and or facilities. Application of the rules will also establish an acceptable level of
protection for electronics and communication devices, equipment, and plant from damages due to
electrical and/or physical hazards.
1.2 APPLICABILITY OF RULES
These rules apply to all electronics and/or communications design, planning, construction,
installation, manufacture, production, fabrication, operation, and maintenance, which comes within the
jurisdiction of this Code, located indoor or outdoor, terrestrially or extra terrestrially.
1.2.1
The requirements apply to all devices, equipment, and plant constructed hereafter and shall become
applicable also to such components, equipment, devices, stations, plants, facilities, system and/or services
now existing, or any portion thereof whenever they are reconstructed.
The reconstruction of an element of a plant, station, system, or service requires that all elements
subordinate to the reconstructed element meet the requirements of these rules.
For the purpose of this Code, reconstruction will be constructed to mean that work which in any way
changes the identity of the station or plant or which it is performed excepting:
A. Service Drop
Service drops may be added to existing plant without necessitating changes in the circuit for
which they are originated.
B. Subordinate Element
An element added to an existing plant shall meet all requirements of these rules but does not
require any change in like elements already existing except where the added element is related to
existing like element. The plant or structure to which any subordinate element is added shall meet the
strength/safety factor.
Maintenance of Plant
The plant or station shall be maintained in such condition to provide safety levels not less than the
minimum specified in rule 4.3.3. The plant or station, or portions thereof, constructed on or after the
effective date of this Code shall be kept in conformity with the requirements thereof.
The restoration of clearance and protection levels originally establish prior to the effective date of this
Code, where the original clearance or protection has been reduce by additional sagging or other causes, is
not considered reconstruction and the reestablish clearance or protection shall not be less than the original
clearance or protection at the time the plant or station was established. The changing of clearance or
protection for any other purpose is reconstruction and clearances or protection so changed shall comply
with the rules of this Code applicable to reconstruction.
1.2.3
The requirement of this Code, other than the requirement specified in Rules 1.2.2 and 1.2.4 do not
apply to plant or station constructed or reconstructed prior to the effective date of this Code. In all other
particulars, such plant or station or portions thereof shall conform to the requirements of the rules in effect
at the time of their construction or re-construction.
1.2.4
Reconstruction or Alternation
The Commission thru the appropriate government instrumentalities may order reconstruction or
alteration of existing plant or station or portions thereof whenever strength and electrical protection
requirement of this Code are not met and when public interest so requires.
1.3 SCOPE OF RULES
These rules are not intended as complete construction specifications, but embody only the
requirements which are most important from the standpoint of safety and protection. Construction shall be
according to accepted or established good practices for the given local conditions in all particulars not
specified in the rules.
1.4 EQUIVALENTS
Wires sizes specified in this Code may be substituted with its nearest metric equivalent. Copper wire
may be substituted with aluminum, copper clad steel, or other make/materials provided the currentcarrying capacity is identical.
Flat or braided copper may be substituted for round or stranded copper wire provided the currentcarrying capacity is not less than that of the latter.
SECTION II
ACCESIBLE
ACCESSIBLE PART
ACCESSORIES
ACOUSTICS
ACOUSTIC SHOCK
AGING
AIR GAP
ALARM
ALIVE
ALPETH
AMPERE-HOUR
ANCHOR
ANHYDROUS
ANTENNA
APPLIANCE
ARRESTER
ARRESTER GAS-FILLED
ASSEMBLY
ATMOSPHERE,
EXPLOSIVE
ATTACHMENTS
AUDIO
AUTOMATIC
BANDWIDTH
BASEBAND
BATTERY
BOND
BUS
CABLE
CIRCUIT
CLIMBING SPACE
CONDUCTOR
COMMUNICATION
DROPWIRE
ELECTRONICS
ELECTRONIC
SWITCHING
The
selective
interconnection of
channels
of
communication by means consisting essentially if not
entirely of electronic circuitry and circuit elements.
EXPLOSION ROOF
EXPOSED PART
FACILITY
FACILITIES
FAULT
FAULT CURRENT
FLAME ROOF
FLASHOVER
FUSE
GROUND
GROUND BUS
GROUND RING
GUY
GUY, OVERHEAD
GUY, ANCHOR
GUY EXPOSED
A guy which has any part less than 2.5 meters from the
vertical plane of any electric power conductor of more than
250 volts.
GUARDED
HANDHOLE
HAZARD
INSULATED
JOINT USE
LIGHTNING ARRESTER
LINES,
COMMUNICATION
LINE, POWER
10
MANHOLE
MANUAL
MESSENGER
NOISE
OPERATING CONTROL
PLANT
PLANT, INSIDE
PLANT, OUTSIDE
PRACTICABLE
PROTECTOR
PROTECTOR,
BLOCK
CARBON
QUALIFIED
RADIANT ENERGY
RADIATE
ROD, GROUND
ROD, LIGHTNING
RECONSTRUCTION
SERVICE DROP
SAG
SPAN
SUPPLY CIRCUIT
SYSTEM, ELECTRONIC
TELECOMMUNICATION
12
TENSION
TENSION, MAXIMUM
ALLOWABLE
TENSION, MAXIMUM
WORKING
TOWER DISPLACEMENT
TOWER SWAY
TOWER TWIST
UNDERGROUND
WORKING SPACE
13
3.1 GENERAL
3.1.1 Objective
3.1.2 Lightning
3.1.3 Power Contact / Induction
3.1.4 Acoustic Shock
3.1.5 Electric Shock
3.2 PROTECTION METHODS
3.2.1 Shielding
3.2.2 Voltage Limiting
3.2.3 Current Limiting and Interrupting
3.2.4 Grounding
A. Purpose
B. Ground Resistance
C. Made Ground
14
SECTION III
c)
to eliminate, as far as practicable, any fire hazard resulting from the operation of
communication systems; and,
d)
to minimize, as far as practicable, acoustic shock hazards to anyone using communication
services.
B. The amount of protection to be adopted and employed is determined by a proper balance
between:
a)
the cost of protection measures employed plus the amount required to maintain the
protection level and adopted; and,
b)
the value of damage to or loss of life and property and/or that of service interruptions
caused by electrical hazards.
C.Protection measures may be more costly or impractical to add on or to an operating plant, so, it is
desirable to consider protection requirements in the initial setting-up of the plant.
D.The standards specified in the Code evolves around optimum protection, explain in 3.1.1.B, but
sometimes the state of the art progresses and new techniques evolve that meet the intent of the Code
15
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Fig. 3-2 Connections for a Fall of Potential or Three Terminal Ground Resistance Test.
Table 3-1
Type of Soil
Average
Min
Max
2,370
590
7,000
4,060
340
16,300
15,800
1,020
135,000
94,000
59,000
Type of Soil
Surface soil, loam
Clay
Sand and Gravel
Surface limestone
Limestone
Shales
Sandstone
Granites, basalts, etc.
Slates, etc.
25
5,000
0,000
100,000
1,000,000
00,000
10,000
00,000
100,000
0,000
458,000
Moisture Content
% by weight
Resistivity, Ohm-Cm.
Top Soil Sandy Loam
1000 106
1000 106
250,000
150,000
165,000
43,000
53,000
18,500
19,000
10,500
12,000
6,300
6,400
4,200
0
2.5
5
10
15
20
30
Resistivity, Ohm-Cm.
10,700
1,800
460
190
130
100
26
Temperature
C
F
20
68
10
50
0
32 (water)
0
32 (ice)
-5
23
-15
14
Resistivity, Ohm-Cm.
7,200
9,900
13,800
30,000
79,000
330,000
D. Earth resistivity is a very variable quantity and to determine the value at a given location at a
given time, the only sure way is to measure it.
E. The deeper ground electrode gives a more stable and lower value of resistance. Electrodes must
reach deep enough level to provide permanent moisture content and stable temperature.
Determining Good Electrode Location
3.4.3 A good low-resistance ground electrode depends upon a low-resistivity soil in a location where the
electrodes can be driven. There are two approaches to picking this location:
a) Drive rods in various locations to such depths as may be required and measure the resistances
while the rods are being driven.
b)Measure the earth resistivity before driving ground rods then calculate the number and length of
rods required.
27
28
Fig. 3-6 Effect of variation in earth resistivity with depth on the resistance
of a horizontal ground 150 meters long and 0.4 cm, diameter buried
at the surface.
Fig. 3-7 Variation of resistance of vertical ground rod with length for
various diameters as indicated on curves, for an earth resistivity
of 100 meter-ohms.
29
Fig. 3-9 Variation in combine resistance of rods connected in multiple when arrange on a straight line
or a circle with spacing between rods equal to length of rods. Dashed line indicates combined
resistance without mutual effects. Rod length 240 times rod radius as for 5 ft. rods of inches
diameter.
30
31
32
4.1 GENERAL
4.2 LOADING ZONES
4.2.1 Heavy Loading Zone
4.2.2 Medium Loading Zone
4.2.3 Light Loading Zone
4.3 SAFETY FACTORS
4.4 TRANSVERSE STRENGTH
4.5 VERTICAL STRENGTH
4.6 LONGITTUDINAL STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS
4.6.1 Reduction in Stress
4.6.2 Use of Guys and Braces
4.6.3 Unbalance Loads
4.7 ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
4.7.1 Wood
4.7.2 Structural Steel
4.7.3 Reinforce Concrete
4.7.4 Conductors, Span Wires, Guys, Messengers
4.7.5 Tower or Pole Foundations and Footings
4.8 DETAILED STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS
4.8.1 Poles, Towers and Other Structures
4.8.2 Crossarms
4.8.3 Pins and Conductors
4.8.4 Conductors
4.8.5 Insulators
4.8.6 Guys and Anchors
4.8.7 Messenger and Span Wires
4.8.8 Hardware.
33
SECTION IV
34
35
36
Safety Factors
2
2
2
3
2
3
3
2
2
4
2
2
3
4
2
4.3.3. Replacement
Lines or parts thereof shall be replaced or reinforced before safety factors have been reduce (due to
deterioration or changes on construction arrangement or other conditions subsequent to installation) to
less than 2/3 of the construction safety factors specified in Rule 4.3.2. In no case shall be application of
this be held to permit the use of structures or any member of any structure with a safety factor less than
unity.
4.4 TRANSVERSE STRENGTH REQUIREMENT
In computing the transverse strength requirements of all parts of structures and in calculating
allowable stresses and allowable minimum sags for conductors under the temperature and loading
conditions specified in Rule 4.2, safety factors at least equal to those of Table 4-1 shall be used. In heavy
loading areas for supporting structures carrying more than 10 wires (not including cables and supporting
messenger wires) when the pin spacing does not exceed 40 cm the transverse wind load shall be
calculated on two-thirds of the total number of such wires with a minimum ten. In cases where, due to
change of direction in conductors, an unbalance side stress is imposed on the supporting structure, a
transverse load shall be assumed equal to the resultant of all conductor tensions under the assumed
loading conditions.
37
38
1. Apitong
2. Bagtikan
3. Maungachapui
4. Almon
5. Benguet pine
6. Lanipan
7. Pahutan
8. Palosapis
9. Red Lauan
10. Tanguili
Figures are for selected structure grade of material under short time loading with the neutral plane
parallel to a side. Multiply the values by 1.4 where the neutral plane is on the diagonal of a square.
Multiply the given values by 0.55 when the loading being considered is a long time loading (continuous
load for a year or more). Poles shall be given suitable preservation treatment.
4.7.2 Structural Steel
Steel structures, steel structural members and their connections, shall be designed and constructed so
that the structures and parts thereof shall not fail or be seriously distorted at any load less than the
maximum working loads (developed under the construction arrangement with loadings specified in Rule
4.2) ; multiplied by the safety factors specified in Rule 4.3. The safety factors specified in Rule 4.3 shall
be applied as follows to structural steel:
39
Age
7 days
30 days
90 days
6 months
Compression Strength
63.5 Kg/cm2
169.00 Kg/cm2
218.00 Kg/cm2
310.00 Kg/cm2
If reinforced concrete is designed for higher strength values which are proven by test, such values may be
used in lieu of the figure given.
4.7.4 Conductors, Span Wires, Guys, Messengers
Values used for ultimate strength of wires and cables shall not exceed those given in Tables 10 to 14
in the Appendix. For use of types of wires and cables of other materials or composition not included in
the Appendix, values for ultimate strength similarly derived from specifications of the ASTM shall be
used except that, if such specifications are non-existent, manufacturers specifications may be used
provided that test have been made which shall justify the manufacturers rating for ultimate strength.
40
41
Depth in
Soil, Meter
6.0
7.5
9.0
10.5
12.0
13.5
15.0
17.0
18.0
20.0
21.0
23.0
24.5
Depth in
Rock, Meter
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.8
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.8
C. Gains
Gains or equivalent means may be provided for increasing surface contact of cross-arms with sound
wood poles. Where gains are cut, the depth shall be not less than .5 mm. or more than 5 mm. Slab
gains, metal gains, pole bands, or assemblies of wood or metal supports that provide suitable surface
contact and adequate strength are permitted.
4.8.2 Cross-arms
A. Material
a. Wood
b. Metal
shall be structural steel, cast steel, or malleable cast iron, properly galvanized or
otherwise protected to resist corrosion, or may be of any corrosion-resisting metal or alloy.
B. Minimum Stress
a. Wood shall have a cross section not less than .5
or less in length may be 7 9.5 cm.
b.Metal
the physical properties as a result of dimensions, shape and cross-sectional area of
metal cross-arms shall be such as to result in sufficient strength to meet the requirements of Rules
4.5, 4.6, 4.7.2 provided the thickness of any element shall be not less than 0.23 cm.
42
The minimum diameter of the shank shall not be less than 0mm.
2. Metal Pins
.5 mm.
43
Tie Wire
Size
Size
Materials
Copper, bronze
Copper-covered
steel or composites
of any of
them
6AWG
smaller
4AWG
2AWG or
larger
Same as line
conductor
6AWG
4AWG
Soft copper or
annealed coppercovered steel
Galvanized iron or
galvanized steel
10BWG and
smaller
9BWG
8BWG
4 & 6BWG
Sames as line
conductor
10BWG
9BWG
8BWG
Soft galvanized
iron or galvanized
steel
Aluminum or
ACSR
4AWG
smaller
2AWG or
larger
Same as line
conductor
4AWG
Soft aluminum
do
C. Strength
Insulator pins and conductor fastenings shall be able to withstand the loads which they may be
subjected to with safety factors at least equal to those specified in Rule 4.3.
1. Longitudinal loads normally balanced:
a) Insulator Pins
Where longitudinal loads are normally balanced, insulator pins which
support conductors shall have sufficient strength to withstand, with a safety factor of not less
than unity, a load at the conductor position of 180 kg.
b) Conductor fastenings
Where longitudinal loads are normally balanced, the tie wires or
other conductor fastenings shall be installed is such a manner that they will securely hold the
line conductor to the supporting insulators and will withstand without slipping of the conductor,
unbalanced pulls of 15% of the maximum working tensions but not more than 120 kg.
2. Longitudinal loads normally unbalanced
At unbalanced corners and dead ends where the
conductor tensions are held by cantilever strength in pin-type insulators and pins, double pins and
insulators shall be used and each line conductor shall be tied or fastened to both insulators so as to
prevent slipping of the conductor under the maximum working tensions with a safety factor of 2
under the temperature and loading conditions specified in Rule 4.2.
D. Replacements(see Rule 4.3.3).
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45
Anchor, Guys
1. Galvanized Steel
Common or Siemens
Martin
High Strength or
Extra High Strength
2. Copper-covered Steel
3. Bronze
Minimum Allowable
Ultimate Strength
of Guys
Overhead Guys
8 mm
6.5
6.5 m
5m
3 No. 9AWG
6.5 mm
1454.54 Kg.
(3200 lbs.)
3 No. 10AWG
3 No. 10AWG
863.63 Kg.
(1900 lbs.)
C. Strength
When guys are used with poles or similar structures, capable of considerable deflection before
failure, they shall be able to support the entire load, the pole below the point of guy attachments acting
merely as a strut. Stranded wires shall be used when the ultimate strength of the guy exceeds 820 Kg.
Anchor rods and their appurtenances shall meet the same strength requirements as the guy wire or
strand (see Rule 4.3)
D. Replacements(see Rule 4.3.3).
4.8.7 Messengers and Span Wires
A. Material
Messengers and span wires shall be stranded of galvanized steel, copper-covered steer or other
corrosion-resisting material not subject to rapid deterioration.
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47
48
SECTION V
49
50
51
DESCRIPTION
The building or tower ground ring are conductors attached to ground rods forming a ring around
the building or tower which are in direct contact with the soil and form the primary earth
electrode.
It is good practice to bond the building structural and metal framework to the building ground
ring. New radio buildings should have electrically continuous structural metal framework or
reinforcement accessible at some points for bonding to ground.
When ground ring is the primary earth electrode, it shall be wired to the main ground bus for
distribution. Other made grounds specified in rule 3.2.4 C may be used place of the ground ring
or combinations of various made grounds to attain the requirements of rule 5.2.1 E.
When available the public metallic underground cold water pipe system with at least 3.0 meters
of metal pipe in direct contact with the earth, shall be bonded to the main ground bus.
The tower ground ring shall be bonded to the building ground ring or to whichever made ground
is used.
Tower radial grounding conductors uses and applications are described in rule 8.4.1 F.
Each tower leg of self-supporting towers or the base or footing of guyed towers shall be bonded
from two points on the tower grounding plate to the tower ground ring.
Guy wires shall be bonded to the guy earth electrode or guy ground ring whichever is used.
Ground ring configuration of three ground rods driven in a triangular pattern around guy anchors
interconnected to each other using No. 2 AWG bare copper wire.
The fuel tank metal structure if present shall be bonded to building ground ring.
10
This is the grounding conductor installed the full length of the pole or tower, free at the top end
and bonded at the bottom to the tower grounding plate and to the tower earth electrode or ground
ring.
11
The lightning rod or protective device installed at the topmost of the tower or pole shall be
bonded to the tower grounding conductor.
12
All ground elements of antenna, antenna supports, waveguides, shields or coaxial cables and
tower lightning metal conduit shall be bonded to the grounding conductor to assure good
electrical continuity to ground.
13
Metal structures or runways supporting waveguides coaxial cables, etc. from the tower to the
building shall be bonded to ground.
14
The main ground bar is a copper bar serving as the principal terminating point installed on the
lowest floor level of the building (basement or first floor).
52
This grounding conductor run is form the main ground bar to the equipment rack lineup. This
conductor is normally made to run cable runways atop equipment rack lineup where individual
equipment rack and rack ground wires are bonded to.
16
For equipment racks, grounding conductors are fitted running the length of the rack to facilitate
neat individual equipment shelves grounding.
17
See No. 16
This section covers radio transmitting and receiving stations at fixed locations used for point-to-point
overland or space communications and video, AM and FM transmission.
A. A fixed radio station building is not likely to be struck directly by lightning because of the
shielding effect provided by the antenna tower/s or support structures. However, waveguides, the
shield 2 of coaxial cables and high frequency antenna transmission lines can conduct hazardous
currents into the building unless adequate protective measures are employed. The station grounding
system is employed to divert as large a proportion of the surge current directly to earth before it enters
the building. The grounding system shall also be designed to reduce earth potential gradients in and
around the station building.
B.Radio site protection involves special consideration because direct lightning hits are usually
expected. The bonding, grounding and protection schemes shall have to be heavy duty and very
carefully engineered, installed and maintained in order to hold differences of potential between
various parts of the station to safety values. The installation shall be adequately grounded and
incoming overland communication and power lines fitted with special protection devices. The extent
to which protection measures must be carried and their effectiveness is greatly affected by the earth
resistivity at the station location.
C. Equipment protection design is based on preventing voltage surges, beyond the voltage surge
limit of the equipment or parts thereof, from reaching that equipment or component. For solid state
component protection, low voltage protection devices have limited surge capability themselves,
several stages of protection may be employed.
D. Most electronic and communication equipment installations require A.C. power for certain
components. Commercial power lines, being susceptible to voltage and current surges due to
lightning and switching operations, shall necessitate protection considerations to prevent damage to
equipment connected to such lines.
53
54
55
57
58
59
60
6.1 GENERAL
6.1.1 Applicability
6.1.2 Considerations
61
SECTION VI
POWER SOURCES
6.1 GENERAL
Electronic equipment almost always depend on electrical energy for its operation. Electric power
sources availing of electronic technology developments in efforts to support the steadily increasing
industry emphasis on reliability and performance of electronic system and equipment, have attained a
certain degree sophistication. Consideration of the system and equipment performance is coupled with the
demand for protection
protection of persons and properties from hazards resulting from the operation
and use of power sources for electronic equipment and system in particular.
6.1.1 Applicability
This section established safety provisions on the installations, operation and use of power sources and
devices for electronic equipment and systems.
6.1.2 Considerations
Foreign potentials hazards, strength requirements and environmental hazards due to the operation of
power systems and devices are the primary consideration of this section with performance being touched
only when related to any of the above three considerations.
6.2 CONSTRUCTION/PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS
6.2.1 Storage Batteries and Chargers
This section applies to all stationary installation of storage batteries for use with or associated with
equipment used with electronic equipment, devices or system except consumer products.
A. Batteries should be located where temperatures range between 15.5 and 32.2 degrees Celsius
(60 and 90F). Higher temperatures will shorten battery life and lower temperature will decrease the
ampere-hour capacity and may damage the battery by freezing especially when the batteries are in low
state of charge.
B. Lead acid or similar gas emitting battery installation where the aggregate power (ampere-hour
rating, at the 8-hour rate to 1.75 volts per cell, multiplied by the battery voltage) exceeds 5 kilowatts
shall be located in a properly ventilated room separated from the equipment room or location where
people are staying.
C.Explosion resistant vents shall be provided for all lead acid or similar gas emitting batteries
above 10 ampere-hour capacity and ascertained by periodic inspection that the vents are free from
obstruction.
62
64
65
66
7.1 GENERAL
7.1.1 Scope of Rules
7.1.2 General Requirements
7.1.2.1 Design Construction and Maintenance
7.1.2.2 Inspection
7.1.2.3 Avoidance and Conflict
7.1.2.4 Cooperation to Avoid Conflict
7.1.2.5 Abandoned Lines
7.1.2.6 Foreign Attachments
7.1.2.7 Tree Trimming
7.1.2.8 Stepping
7.2 GROUNDING AND BONDING
7.2.1 Earth Ground
7.2.2 Bonding
7.2.3 Manholes
7.2.4 Buried Cables
7.2.5 Risers
7.3 JOINT USE OF POLES OR STRUCTURES
7.4 CLEARANCES
7.4.1 General
7.4.2 Above Ground
7.4.3 Above Railways and Trolley Lines
7.4.4 Between Wires, Conductors, Cables & Messengers
7.4.5 From Structures
7.5 CLIMBING SPACE
7.6 VERTICAL RUNS AND RISERS
7.7 GUYS AND ANCHORS
7.8 MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT
67
SECTION VII
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
Item No.
A
A
Span Wires,
Messengers
and
Guys
Nature of clearance
B
Communications
Condcutors,Open
Wires, Cables,
Service Drops
0.45
0.6
2. Communication conductors . . . .
0.6
0.6
3. Supply conductor:
a) 0-750 volts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b) 750-7,500 volts . . . . . . . . . . .
c) 7,500-20,000 volts . . . . . . . . .
d) Over 20,000 volts . . . . . . . . . .
0.6
0.9
0.9
1.8
1.2
1.2
1.8
2.4
0.3
2. Supply conductors:
a) 0-75 volts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b) 75-7,500 volts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c) 7,500-20,000 volts . . . . . . . . . . . . .
d) Over 20,000 volts . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2
1.2
1.8
1.8
0.15
Item No.
D
A
Span Wires,
Messengers
and
Guy
Nature of clearance
Horizontal separation of conductors
on same cross-arms
1. Pin spacing of longitudinal conductors,
Vertical conductors and service drops. .
B
Communications
Condcutors,Open
Wires, Cables,
Service Drops
0.075
2.4
2.4
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.15
0.3
0.9
0.9
0.15
0.3
76
79
80
81
Dry Flashover
Voltage of Insulation
0-7,500 volts
7,500-17,500 volts
Over 17,500 volts
15,000 volts
Double the circuit voltage
35,000 volts
7.8.8 A substantial guard of wood, metal, plastic or suitable material, not less than 2.5 meters in
length, shall be securely attached to each anchor guy which exposed to traffic.
7.8 MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT
7.8.1 On jointly used poles, metal communication cable terminals, metal boxes or similar equipment
which are less than 0.2 meters from center line of the pole or are attached to the surface of the pole shall
be placed not less than 1.8 meters below or 0.9 meters above the level of the nearest unprotected supply
conductor.
7.8.2 All parts of metal communication cable terminals, metal boxes or similar equipment which are
0.2 meters or more from the center line of the pole shall have vertical clearances from supply conductors
not less than specified in Table 7-1 item B-2a to d.
7.8.3 Where a telephone instrument is attached to the surface of a pole or structure at less than 2.4
meters vertically above the ground (or at any elevation on a grounded metal pole or structure) and is
connected to a communication circuit, such instrument shall be enclosed in a suitable box of insulating
material, which may be locked to prevent access by unauthorized persons. Where such a telephone
instrument is so attached, connected and enclosed, unless isolated from the communication circuit by an
adequate insulating/protecting device, a suitable insulated mat or platform, on which a person can stand
while using the instrument, shall be provided.
82
8.1 APPLICABILITY
83
SECTION VIII
84
F = CAV2
Where: F = Axial thrust force in kg.
C = coefficient
A = frontal area in square meter
V = wind velocity
The load coefficient C, in relation to the wind angle shall be:
Wind Angle in degrees
0
45
56
90
125
180
+0.00754
+0.00801
+0.00829
+0.00047
+0.00235
+0.00508
F. Dead Loads Provisions shall be made of all supplementary loading caused by the attachments
of guys, antennas, transmission and power lines, ladders, rest platforms, etc. Ladders and rest platforms
and all allied climbing attachments to the tower shall be capable of supporting a live load of 120 KG
with a design safety factor of not less than 2 under the loading conditions specified in Rule 4.2.
G. Seismic Loads
The total lateral seismic force on any structure shall be calculated in
accordance with the following formula or other methods acceptable and in use by the appropriate
engineering discipline and/or specified in the appropriate Code of Practice enforced by the government.
F = ZCW
Where: F = lateral force
C = shear coefficient (typical 0.10)
W = total dead end
Z = zone coefficient
85
87
B. Metal Poles
a) Inspection consists primarily in locating corroded metal tower sections and all parts
thereof and determining its effect on tower life.
b) Loose bolts, braces, etc. shall be tightened and corrosion shall be arrested and
preventive measures taken.
C. Inspection Intervals
All poles and towers shall be inspected at least once every two years.
D. Marking
All poles and towers that are found to have two years or less anticipated life are
condemned for other reasons shall be marked immediately with a danger sign as shown in
Figure 8-1. The danger sign shall be placed below the pole or tower number if any or
approximately 2 meters above ground line facing on-coming traffic.
8.4 ELECTRICAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS
Depending upon the surroundings, the presence of antenna and its supporting structure may
not increase the probability of lightning striking a particular location, however, should lightning
strike the site, the antenna and its supporting structure may become the focal point of the strike.
Consequently, the protection grounding considerations for the antennas and support structure
becomes of prime importance.
8.4.1 Grounding
A. Poles, towers and other structures supporting antennas shall be fitted with a grounding
conductor, from the top of the structure running the full length down to the bottom of the
structure, connected to the main ground.
B. The ground resistance measured at any point in the grounding system shall be not greater
than two 5.0 ohms as measured by the fall of potential method.
C. The ground wire around a self-supporting tower shall be placed not less than 30 cm. below
grade level and no less than 30 cm. from outside face of the concrete piers.
88
Fig. 8-1
89
90
91
9.1 APPLICABILITY
92
SECTION IX
CONSUMER PRODUCTS
9.1 APPLICABILITY
This Section establishes safety provisions for the construction, use and maintenance of noncommercial electronic devices such as radio and television receivers, transceivers, amplifiers, tape/disc
players/recorders, intercommunication devices, photographic and similar electronic equipment and their
accessories for household use.
9.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENT
9.2.1 Construction
A. The construction of the appliance shall assure that normal use and user servicing does not result
in a shock, casualty of fire hazard; that the materials and components are used within their electrical,
mechanical and temperature limits, and that the assembly will protect the components and wirings from
being displaced or damaged.
B. Cellulose nitrate or any comparably flammable material shall not be used for a cabinet, cabinetcovering material, dial, window or similar part.
C. Material for the mounting of uninsulated line parts that involved a power of 50 watts or more
shall be flame-retardant or self-extinguishing. Components involved are connectors, printed wiring,
boards, terminal strips, tube and transistor sockets, deflection yoke, coil forms etc.
D. Recording disc or tape shall not be formed or coated with cellulose nitrate or comparable
flammable material and the hazards of storing the disc, tapes, etc. shall not be greater than those
presented by common newsprint in the same general form and quality.
E. A spacing of 13 mm. minimum over surfaces or through air shall be maintained between
uninsulated live parts of the supply circuit and (1) line parts of opposite polarity and (2) accessible
metal parts; except when the location and relative arrangement of the parts are such that adequate is
assured.
F. Except for insulation built into a component, a barrier or liner of fiber or similar material
employed where spacing would otherwise be insufficient between uninsulated line parts of opposite
polarity or between such parts and exposed or partially protected metal parts, shall be 1 mm. thick
minimum. A barrier or liner used in conjunction with an air spacing may be 0.5 mm. thick minimum
provided it is (1) a suitable insulating material, (2) resistant to moisture, (3) of adequate mechanical
strength if liable to mechanical injury, (4) reliably held in place and (5) located so that it will not be
affected adversely by operating the appliance.
G. Unless an acceptable barrier is provided, there shall be a spacing through air of 3 mm. minimum
between the uninsulated live parts of a fuse and fuse clip and (1) uninsulated live parts of opposite
polarity, and (2) the chassis or metal in electrical connection with the chassis. The spacing shall be
determined with the fuse in place.
93
94
95
1) A directly-viewed typed less than 15 cm. diameter maximum which obviously is not intended
for replacement because it requires removal of rearrangement of major components such as chassis,
printed wiring assembly, deflection yoke, etc.
2) Directly-viewed types having a maximum diameter of 15 cm. or more.
3) Projection type if house in separate enclosure making the tube inaccessible except by the use of
a tool, and if the enclosure is marked in accordance with rule 10.1.14. (Projection-type Picture Tube
Warning).
E. Vacuum Tube and Vibrator
96
Cord Type or
Equivalent
Min. Length
Meters
SP-1, SPT-1
SJ, SJT
1-1/2
1-1/2
3.0
7.5
SP-2, SPT-2
1-1/2
3.0
SP-2
1-1/2
7.5
TP, TPT
1-1/2
3.0
97
Max. Length
Meters
99
100
101
B. Transformer Enclosure
Except as noted in Rule . . E, transformer which is normally
connected across a supply circuit shall be completely and individually enclosed in noncombustible
material. The enclosure shall not be provided with holes or louver which will allow the circulation of
air, except holes for the entrance of wires. The unused portion of any hole in the enclosure for the loads
to the transformer shall not larger than 1.3 sq. cm. in area and the total unused portion of two or more
holes shall be not larger than 2.3 sq. cm. in area. Any hole provided in the enclosure for lead wires, but
not so used, shall be effectively closed with noncombustible material.
C. A small amount of phenolic composition, such as a terminal block will be acceptable in the
enclosure of a transformer.
D. If a transformer enclosure is appreciably larger than the transformer itself, the acceptability of
the combination is to be investigated.
102
103
105
107
108
Diameter of Round
Holes-mm. (D)
Minimum Distance
Between Opening
And Live Part a b c
Probe d, e, f
More than 25
but not more
than 50
5D + X
More than 50
but not more
than 75
6D + X
More than 22
but not more
than 50
More than 50
But not more
Than 75
7D + X
109
110
111
113
Test Options
1 2 34 5 6
X X X X XX
X X X X XX
X XX
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
115
116
5.5 mm.
laminated glass or
5.5 mm.
tempered glass
5.5 mm.
laminated glass or
5.5 mm.
tempered glass
6.5 mm.
laminated glass or
6.5 mm.
tempered glass
6.5 mm.
laminated glass or
7 mm.
tempered glass
a) The top, sides and bottom of the enclosure shall comply with Rule 10.2.20.C (Noncombustible
Part Flame Test), or be of steel 0.36 mm. thick, except that areas without openings may be of steel
0.254 mm. minimum thick.
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118
119
X. TEST PERFORMANCE
10.1 GENERAL
120
SECTION X
TEST PERFORMANCE
10.1 GENERAL
10.1.1 Values of Voltage and Current are root-mean-square values, unless otherwise stated.
10.1.2 An appliance having both alternating-current and direct-current ratings is tested with appliance
connected to an alternating-current supply and again to direct-current supply, unless it can be established
that one test will result in the maximum operating conditions.
10.1.3 Voltmeters Unless otherwise indicated, voltage measurements shall be made with a
voltmeter having a resistance of 2000 ohms per volt minimum for potential of 1000 volts or less and
20,000 ohms per volt for minimum potentials of more than 1000 volts.
10.1.4 A lead, connector, or component that is accessible during normal operation or user-servicing is
to be connected for normal operation and is to be arranged in any position likely after user-servicing.
10.1.5 Cheesecloth Indicators Cheesecloth used for test shall be untreated cotton cloth 9.2 meters
wide, running 29-31 meters per kilogram.
10.1.6 Tests involving cheesecloth are made in a room free of drafts
10.1.7 Supply Circuit Voltage and Frequency All operational tests shall be conducted with the
appliance connected to a supply circuit of rated frequency and the voltage indicated in the Table
Table 10-1
OPERATING TEST VOLTAGES
Test
Normal Operation
105-130
X-Radiation
210-260
Abnormal Operation
Enclosure Temperature
Stability
105-130
210-260
105-130
210-260
105-130
210-160
Test Voltage
Maximum marked voltage
but not less than 120 volts
Maximum marked voltage
but not less than 240 volts
130a
260a
130a,b
260a,b
130a
260a
For a dual-rated appliance (e.g. 120 volts-230 volts), the test voltage is to be 130volts for the lower
voltage, and 110 percent of the higher voltage, but not less than 240 volts nor more than 260 volts.
b
The test voltage may be reduced to a lower value, but not less than 105 volts or 210 volts, respectively.
The lower test voltage value will represent a more severe condition or in case where a higher voltage
would cause a protective device to open the circuit.
121
122
TABLE VI
MAXIMUM ACCEPTABLE TEMPERATURES
Degrees
Celsius
60
60
65
65
65
85
90
90
90
100
90
90
125
150
This lamination does not apply to an insulated conductor, a rectifier, or a material, which has been
investigated and recognized for a higher temperature.
A capacitor operating at a temperature higher than 5 C may be judged on the basis of its marked
temperature rating or, if not marked with a temperature rating, may be investigated to determine its
suitability at the higher temperature.
b
A hot-spot temperature not higher than 05C on the surface of a coil winding will be acceptable,
provided the temperature of the winding as measured by the resistance method does not exceed 00C. the
temperature limits of 0 C by the thermocouple method and 00 C by the resistance method are based on
the standardized allowance for a maximum hot spot temperature at 05 C.
c
A rectifier operating at a temperature higher than 00C may be judged on the basis of its case
temperature at the actual current compared with the case temperature at rated current (derating curves).
The temperatures given are based on a room temperature of 5 C. tests may be made at any room
temperature between 0 C and 0 C and the observed temperature corrected for a room temperature of
5 C.
d
10.1.17 Temperatures are measured by thermocouple of No. 28-32 AWG wire. A temperature is
considered to be constant when three successive readings taken at 15 minutes intervals indicate no
change.
10.1.18 The appliance is tested with the maximum projection on the back in contact with a flat
vertical wall of wood or comparable heat-insulating material, except that the spacing between the wall
and the main surface of the back of the appliance should not be less than one inch. Covers likely to be
closed during operation are closed for the duration of the test. Consideration is given to the actual
conditions of normal operation including the changing of records, rewinding of tapes, etc. Record-album
compartments are to be filled to present normal conditions.
10.1.19 Rubber-like and felt materials are removed from supporting feet to the extent that they are
likely to be worn off in normal service. Horizontal ventilating screens subject to the accumulation of dust
and having holes less than 1.2 mm in diameter are to be covered with loose cotton.
10.1.20 An amplifier, tuner or amplifier-tuner, without cover, intended for protected installation in
home systems is to be provided a build-up wood cover stimulating installation in a cabinet. The cover is
to be constructed of wood normally 19mm thick and is consists of a top, sides and front arranged to
exposed user controls. The cover is to provide a clearance of 5cm from each side of the chassis and is to
clear the top of the tallest component part mounted above the chassis by 5cm. in determining the chassis
dimensions, extended flanges and feet are disregarded.
10.1.21 A turntable record changer, or tape deck, without enclosure intended for protected installation
in home systems is to be mounted in a built-up enclosure simulating installation in a cabinet. The
enclosure is constructed on wood nominally 19mm thick and is to consist of four sides and a bottom. The
enclosure is to provide a clearance of 25mm from the bottom of the lowest component.
124
127
128
129
3V (1270 Minimum)
2V + 1000
Maximum peak voltage between the live part and earth, or an accessible described in Rules 10.1.78
and 10.1.79 or 10.1.42 and 10.1.43 whichever is applicable.
10.1.73 a material that is not recognized as reliable insulation is covered with a conductive coating ,
such as metal foil.
10.1.74 A spark gap or a gaseous-discharge tube may be used as a means of preventing electrical
breakdown in other parts of the circuit if, upon investigation, it is found suitable for the purpose.
130
131
134
A. The points nearest the supply circuit no capable of delivering a power of 50 watts or more for
one minute into an external resistor connected singly between each of these points and any return to the
power supply.
B. That a fire or shock hazard is not produced under the condition of separately short-circuiting or
loading to maximum power or limited power, the points determined in (A).
C. That a fire or shock hazard is not produced under the conditions of short-circuiting singly of any
rectifier, vacuum tube, transistor, or electrolytic capacitor in the circuit between the points determined
in item (B) and the supply circuit.
D. The while in a heated condition from the tests, described in items (B) and (C) the power supply
is capable of withstanding without breakdown the dielectric withstand test described in Rules 10.1.4910.1.51
10.3.2 The part and its circuit, with any included vacuum tubes short-circuited, is mounted as
described in the overall enclosure and connected to the power supply circuit.
10.3.3 A motor including one provided with a ship mechanism, is stalled. The secondary of a motor
transformer is connected to its normal load.
10.3.4 The secondary of a motor transformer normally connected across a power supply circuit
without any series vacuum tubes is short-circuited.
0.3.5 Vacuum Tube Filament Short-Circuit Test
There shall be no flame if any material under
any likely conditions of internal short-circuit of a vacuum tube unless the material is within an enclosure
complying with Rule 9.2.15.P (High Voltage Component Enclosure).
10.3.6 A. If the short-circuit tests required by Rule 10.3.1, item (B) above, continue for a full seven
hours, it is not necessary that the maximum power or limited power test be conducted. Likewise, if
the maximum power continues for a fall seven hours, it is not necessary that the limited power test
be conducted.
B. Unless it is necessary to replace component after the tests in item (B) and (C) of Rule
10.3.1 the dielectric withstand test described in item (D) need to conducted only after the last lest
on the power supply is completed.
136
137
10.3.16
139
140
143
145
146
147
11.1 GENERAL
11.1.1 OBJECTIVE
11.1.2 EXAMPLES OF ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS SUBJECT TO
RADIATION CONTROL
GAS
148
SECTION XI
RADIATION HAZARDS
11.1 GENERAL
Radiation, covered in this Code, means any sonic, infrasonic or ultrasonic wave which is emitted
from an electronic product as a result of the operation of an electronic circuit in such product. The
protective measures in this Code are for preventing adverse effects of any ionizing or non-ionizing
electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation includes the entire electromagnetic spectrum of
radiation of any wavelength. The electromagnetic spectrum includes, but is not limited to, gamma rays,
X-rays , ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave ,radio wave and low frequency radiation.
11.1.1 OBJECTIVE
Radiation, although beneficial in the development of man, poses hazards of varying degrees which
can be harmful to the electronic product manufacturers, users and the general public. Hence, proper
control of the manufacture and use of radiation emitting devices in necessary.
11.1.2 EXAMPLES OF ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS SUBJECT TO RADIATION CONTROL
The following listed electronic products are intended to serve as illustrative examples of sources of
electronic production radiations to which the regulations of this section apply.
A. examples of electronic products which may emit X-rays and other ionizing electromagnetic
radiation, electrons, neutrons and other particulate radiation include:
Ionizing electromagnetic radiation:
Television receivers
Accelerator
X-ray machines ( industrial, medical, research, educational)
Particulate radiation and ionizing electromagnetic radiation
Electron microscope
Neutron generators
B. Examples of electronic products which may emit ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwaves, radio
and low frequency electromagnetic radiation include:
Ultraviolet:
Biochemical and medical analyzers
Tanning and therapeutic lamps
Sanitizing and sterilizing device
Black light sources
Welding equipment
Visible:
White light devices
149
D. Examples of electronic products which may emit infrasonic, sonic and ultrasonic vibrations
resulting from operation of an electronic circuit include:
Infrasonic:
Vibrators
Sonic:
Electronic Oscillators
Sound amplification equipment
150
151
152
(1) To servicing dealers and distributors and to others upon request, each oven model, adequate
instructions for service adjustments and service procedures including clear warnings of
precautions to be taken to avoid possible exposure to microwave radiation.
(2) With each oven, adequate instructions for its safe use including clear warnings of precautions
to be taken to avoid possible exposure to microwave radiation.
11.3 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF RADIATION EMITTING
EQUIPMENT
11.3.1 BASIC STANDARDS ON RADIATION PROTECTION FROM X-RAY DIAGNOSTIC
AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
The best available standards on Radiation Protection from X-ray equipment are those laid by the
Radiation Health Office Department of Health. The Radiation Health Office was created under
Presidential Decree No. 480, dated June 6,1974 and it has been entrusted with the responsibility of issuing
rules and regulations for the purpose of adequate radiation protection and effective control of radiation
hazards. The Radiation Health Office, since then, has been in active coordination with the International
Commission on Radiological Protection and on November 14,1975, the RHO has issued standards
applicable to diagnostic equipment installed after November 4, 1975.
These Basic Standards on Radiation Protection laid down by the Radiation Health Office are
therefore adopted and made part of the Philippine Electronics Code (See Annex A of this section).
11.3.2 RADIATION HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSMITTERS
A. Radio transmitters emit radio frequency electromagnetic radiations which can be harmful to
operators who have to be near such equipment for prolonged periods of time. Exposure of the operators
to electromagnetic radiation does not become a serious problem until irreversible effects take place.
Such effects can be included by the radio frequency radiations. Exposure to intense r-f radiation
produces a purely thermal effect; but this can cause the eye to develop opacities of the lenses
(cataracts), and can be irreversible. Sometimes the cells will recover, but the damaged cells can become
self-regenerating. Damage to cells of reproductive tissues is called genetic, and damage to other cells is
called somatic. The somatic damage has been known to become malignant (cancer or leukemia) or, in
milder form,. It may appear as an apparent acceleration of the aging process.
The amount of r-f radiation varies as the frequency varies, the higher the frequency the higher the
density of r-f radiation. Hence, the highest densities for a given power level will occur in narrow
microwave beams. It must not be assumed, however, that there are no danger at the lower frequencies.
Radio-frequency energy may penetrate as much as one-tenth wavelength at microwaves, but at longer
wavelengths the penetration may be much less than 1/1,000 of a wavelength.
The amount of power absorbed by the body also varies with frequency and consequently the
tolerable power density varies.
In one set of experiments, an eye cataract was developed in an animal after 90 minutes of exposure
at a power 290 milliwatts per square centimeter. The safe level of exposure is obviously much less than
this.
154
March 4, 1976
MEMORANDUM:
TO
SUBJECT
: All concerned
: Implementation of the Basic Standards on Radiation Protection laid down by the
Radiation Health Office, Department of Health Manila pursuant to Presidential
Decree No. 480, dated June 6, 1974.
For the information and guidance of all concerned, attached herewith is a copy of the Basic Standards on
Radiation Protection, with reference to Section 1 (d) of Presidential Decree No. 480 dated June 6, 1974.
To ensure safety of radiation workers, users and the general public from the hazards caused by ionizing
and non-ionizing radiation, the full support and cooperation of your respective office must be extended
for the effective achievement of the Presidents desire to improve the radiation protection practice in the
Philippines.
Strict compliance with the attached Basic Standards on Radiation Protection is strongly enjoined.
Please be guided accordingly.
156
157
Flouroscopy
1.2.1An adjustable collimator or diaphragm shall be provided to define the useful beam.
1.2.2 The X-ray tube, collimating device and fluoroscopic screen or image intensifier shall be linked
together in such a way that under normal operating conditions, the beam will not fall outside the screen
irrespective of the source-screen distance.
1.2.3 The fluorescent screen shall be covered with a protective glass sheet having a lead equivalent of
not less than:
2.0 mm for apparatuses having a maximum operating potential up to and including 70 kV
2.0 mm for apparatuses having a maximum operating potential up to and including 100 kV an
additional 0.01 mm per kV above 100 kV
Image intensifier and adjacent mounting parts subject to the useful beam exposure shall provide the
same protection as the required for the conventional screen assembly.
1.2.4 If the equipment permits spot films to be taken in connection with the fluoroscopic examination,
the protective power of the fluorescent screen and/or of the devices mentioned in paragraph 1.2.3 shall be
determined for the maximum radiographic potential if it exceeds the maximum potential of fluoroscopy.
1.2.5 In fluoroscopy the focus skin distance must not be less than 30 cm and should not be less than
45 cm except for the chest where the focus skin distance must not be less than 45 cm and should not be
less than 60 cm.
1.2.6 Means (control settings or meters) shall be provided to indicate the X-ray tube potential and
current also when image intensifiers with automatic control are used.
1.2.7 A device shall be provided by which the fluoroscopist is informed about the fluoroscopic time
used.
1.2.8All tables and stands for fluoroscopy shall be provided with adequate means for protecting the
fluoroscopist and his assistants against scattered radiation. A shield equivalent to not less than 0.5 mm
lead shall be provided to cover openings such as the bucky slot. The fluoroscopist shall be protected b a
drape which may consist of overlapping parts to facilitate palpitation. The lead equivalent of the drape
shall not be less than 0.5mm. it shall be attached to the lower edge of the screen holder when the latter is
vertical and to the edge nearest the fluoroscopist when the screen is horizontal. When the image
intensifiers are used, the same degree of protection shall be provided as is required for conventional
fluoroscopy.
1.3. Radiography
1.3.1 Means shall be provided to check that the film is aligned with the beam.
1.3.2 The minimum distances between the focus and the patient in radiography shall be the same as
stated in paragraph 1.2.5. this paragraph is not applicable for dental radiography.
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