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Annadana
SoilFertilityManagementTechnique
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Componentsofsoilfertilitymanagement
1.Greenmanure
4.Botanicalcakes
2.Compost
5.OGP
3.BioCharcoal
6.Mulching
7.Croprotation
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1.Greenmanure
plant
tissues
green
physical
Sorghum+Cowpea
Cowpea
Sunhemp
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Daincharootzone
Cowpearootzone
4. Leguminous green manure crops
adds nitrogen essential for plant
growth, to the soil by fixing
atmospheric nitrogen in the roots.
5. Fiber crops add bio mass, roots,
carbon and lignin to the soil,
which will decay and produce the
life giving substance known as
humus.
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Cultivatinggreenmanure(Gr.M)
inraisedbed.
MixingSunhempandCowpeaseeds
beforesowing
Sunhempandcowpea
Cowpea Seed leguminous
nitrogenfixingGr.M
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Makearaisedbedbyusingthesoilfromthepathinbetween2raisedbeds.
Raisebedoptimaldimensionare:10minlengthorwhatisconvenient,0.8m
to1minbreathand5 10cminheightbeforegreenmanuresowing.
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SelectedGr.Mseedsreadyfor
Gr.Mseedsaresownontop of
sowing
thenewlypreparedraisedbed
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Gr.Mseedstobesownby
CoverthesownGr.Mseedsby
providingoptimumspacing
turninggently thesurfaceofthebed
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Or,cover thesownGr.Mseedswith
Or,coverthesownGr.Mseedswhile
soilfromthepath
raking
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Afterhavingcoveredtheseedswithsoil,Water thesowngreenmanureseeds
orwaitfortherainifplannedin a rainyseason
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Germinatedgreenmanurecropgrowthafteraweek
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Greenmanureat20Daysafter
Greenmanureat30Days after
Sowing(Days)
Sowing
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Greenmanurecropgrowthat35days aftersowing
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Greenmanurecropgrowthat40days aftersowing
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Greenmanurecropgrowthatthetimeofincorporation 45 50days
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CuttheGr.M atthebaseleavingthe
Chopthecutgreenmanureforquick
roots insidethesoil.
andeasydecomposition
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Thechoppedgreenbiomassshould
bespread ontopofthevegetable
raisedbedfordecomposition
Inoculated withOGP
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Coverthegreenmanure(greenbiomass)withthesoilfromthepath to
activatedecomposition.
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Sorghum andcowpea,indigo,sunhemp
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Cuttingandincorporationofgreenmanure
sorghumand sunhemp
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AddingOGPandcoveringwithsoilfromthe
pathtoactivatedecomposition.
ofincorporation
Indigo
Sorghum&Indigo
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Sunhemp
Sorghum&Sunhemp
MultiplebenefitsofGreenmanure
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Green manure crops generate 10 to 20 tonnes per acre of green bio mass in 45
days, depending on soil and climatic conditions.
It also increases organic matter content,
earthworms
occurrence
and
beneficial
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2.Compost
of
transformation
of
raw
organic
Compostapplicationtechnique
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Preparepitsinthevegetableraisedbed,3dayspriortocomposting
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Add2handfullorabout1kgofcompostineachpitat3differentlevel. In
total3kgor3doublehandfullofcompostare required.
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Level1 Addfirst1handfullor
1kgofcompostinthepit.
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Mixwellthecompostandpit
soilbyhandhoeorspadeor
throughhand
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Level2 Addasecondhandfullor1kgofcompostinthepit
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Mixthecompostandthesoilin
thepitwelleitherbyspade,
hoeorviahand.
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Level3 Addlastandfinala
handfullor1kgofcompostin
thetoplayer.
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Mixthecompostandthetop
layersoilwell
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Mixwellandmakeaheapandallowthepittosettleforafew
days,iftimepermits,beforesowingortransplanting
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Multiplebenefitofcompost
1. Compostcontainsplantnutrients
2. Compostimprovesthephysical
conditionofsoils
3. Compostincreasesthewaterholding
capacity ofsoil
4. Compostenhancesplantroot
penetration
5. Compostpreventssoilerosion
6. Compost concentrates farm residues
7. Compost promotes soil health and plant
productivity
8. Compost helps to combat
pathogens and weed seeds
plants
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3.BioCharcoal
Biocharcoal
is
biomass
(wood,
branches, trimmings,) that is converted
into charcoal through a process of
pyrolysis: heating in the absence of
oxygen, and prevents burning of the
biomass (which happens in open fires)
Biocharcoal is nothing but carbon
having a structure made of millions of
tiny air sac pores. This air sac pores
increase the total internal surface area of
the charcoal up to 300 2,000 sq.m per
gram.
The biocharcoal acts as a food bank and
stores precious nutrients, moisture and
microorganisms in its structure. It is
durable and remains for years acting
further as a regulator.
FreshBioCharcoal
Tinyairsacporousin
biocharcoal
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Bio charcoalapplicationtechnique
PreparedOGPmixturetoinoculate
biocharcoal
PreparedOGPandbiocharcoal
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Addbiocharcoalintothe
OGPmixture
Allowthismixturetosoakfor1dayprior
topitpreparationandstirwell
periodically.
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Taketheinoculatedbiocharcoal
fromtheOGPmixture
Theinoculatedbiocharcoalis
readyforapplication.
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Enrichedbiocharcoalkeptready
forpitapplication
Applyonehandfull(100gms)of
enrichedbiocharcoalinaprepared
pit
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Equallyspreadtheinoculatedbiocharcoalinthepitafterapplicationof
compostandbotanicalcakes
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Mixthebiocharcoalwithotherinputslikecompostandbotanicalcakesalong
withsoilandmakeaheap.
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Multiplebenefitofbio charcoal
1. Theextremelyhighabsorptionandretentionofnutrients bytheairsacpresent
inthebiocharcoal.
2. Theextremelyhighpersistenceofbiocharcoal(stability)
3. Biocharcoal,highlyincreasesthesoilmicrobialfunctions andsoilwater
holdingcapacity.
4. Whenaddedtothesoilitcansignificantlyimproveyieldimmediately
especiallywheninoculatedwithOrganicGrowthPromotersandBioPlant
extracts.
5. Thecarbon,whenrecycledintothesoil,providesastablelongtermremovalof
carbon(dioxide)fromtheatmosphere.
Soilswithbiocharcoaladditionsaretypicallymorefertile,produce
moreandhealthycropsoveralongerperiodoftime.
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4.Botanicalcakes
cake
obtained
from
groundnut,
Pongamcake
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Botanicalcakeapplicationtechnique
ReadyNeemcakeforapplication
Apply100gramsNeemcakeper
pit
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Addtheneemcakeintopit
Neemcakeaddedalongwith
compostandbiocharcoal,
duringthepitmixture
preparation
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Mixwellalltheingredients(compost+biocharcoal+neemcake+
soil),andmakeaheap
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5.Organicgrowthpromoters
OGP are plant biostimulants that promote
plant growth and development.
The importance of OGP lies in their ability
to promote hormonal activity in plants.
Plant
hormones
are
chemical
Panchagavya
Efficientmicroorganism
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OGPapplicationtechnique
PreparedOGP:panchagavyaand
efficientmicroorganism
Panchagavya
Efficientmicroorganism
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AddOGP,300mlof
panchagavyaand50mlof
efficientmicroorganisminto
therosecan
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InoculateOGPinthe
preparedpitheap
Addwater
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InoculateOGP,immediatelyafteraddingpitmixture(compost,bio
charcoalandbotanicalcakes)inthepit3dayspriorsowingor
transplanting,iftimepermits.
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MultiplebenefitofOGP
Amirthakaraisal
Fishextract
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Transplantingseedlings
Afteraweekthepreparedpitsarereadyfortransplanting
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Digaholemanuallyinthepreparedpitsbeforetransplanting
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Carefullytransplanttheseedlingintothepreparedpitand
compactthesoilsurroundingit
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Transplantedseedlingintothepreparedpit
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Transplantedfieldintothepreparedraisedbedsandpits
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Thepreparedheaphas
tosettledown tothe
groundlevel.Healthy
seedlingsarereadyfor
transplanting
Transplanted
seedlinginthe
preparedpit
Healthygrowth
andhighyieldis
ensured.
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6.Mulching
prevents
evaporation
and
organic
residues,
grass
Mulchingenrichesandprotectsthesoil,providingabettergrowing
environment.
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Roofclipsmulchinginwatermelon
Grassclipmulchinginwatermelon
Mulches made from grass,
straw, hay and coconut fibre,
are generally lighter and easier
to use, with the added
advantages of being bio
degradable. They also retain
moisture and control weed to a
certain extend.
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Mulching
Harvestthoseplants.
Selectgrasses,weeds(without
seeds),freegrowingplantsfor
mulching
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Choppedclipsofbiomass
mulcharereadyformulching
Transferthemulching
materialstowardthegarden
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Mulchingdoneinbhendi
plants
Coverproperlyallthesoil
surfacearoundthecrops
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Mulchingdoneincapsicum
plants
Mulchingdoneincornplants
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MultiplebenefitsofMulching
Mulchingadjustsandregulatetemperature.Ithelpsthesoiltostaycool
duringhotandsummerconditionsandretainsheatduringthecoolseason.
Itcontrolsweed growthbyblockingthesunlightandgermination.
Itretainswaterbyslowingdownevaporation.
Itaddsorganicmatterandnutrientstothesoilthroughthegradual
breakdownofthemulchmaterial.
Itcontrolssoilerosion byprotectingsoilfromrain.
Mulchesslowlydecompose,theyprovideorganicmatter whichhelpskeep
thesoilloose,improvesrootgrowth,increasestheinfiltrationofwater,and
waterholdingcapacity ofthesoil.
Organicmatterisasourceofplantnutrientsandprovidesanideal
environmentforearthwormsandotherbeneficialsoilorganisms.
7.CropRotation
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Bhendi/
Amaranth
(May Aug)
Capsicum/
Chilly
(Nov April)
3rd ear
Green
manure
(Sep Oct)
3rd year
Green
manure
(Sept Oct)
1st year
Tomato/
Brinjal
(Nov April)
1st year
ExampleofCrop
rotation fora3year
periodinthesame
pieceofland
Cucumber/
watermelon
(May Aug)
2nd year
Corn/Beans
(Nov April)
2ndyear
Squash/
Gourds
(May Aug)
1st year
Green
manure
(Sept Oct)
2nd year
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It avoids the build up of pathogens and pests that often occurs when one
species is continuously cropped.
It also seeks to balance the fertility demands of various crops to avoid
excessive depletion of the same soil nutrients.
A traditional component of crop rotation is the replenishment of nitrogen
through the use of green manure in sequence with cereals / millets /
vegetables and other crops.
It can also improve soil structure and fertility by alternating deeprooted
and shallowrooted plants.
Crop rotation also helps a variety of natural predators to survive on the
farm.
Controls soil erosion
Mitigates the risk of weather changes
Finally increases yields and net profits.
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Reapresultsby
thispractice of
sustainable,high
yielding,fertility
managementsystem.
Takecareof
thesoilandthe
plantswill
takecareof
you.
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Forfurtherenquiries,contactusat:
AnnadanaSeedBank
AurovilleBotanicalGarden
Auroville,Villupuramdist,Tamilnadu 605101.
Email:seedbank@annadana.com
Phone:04132622667
Formoreinformationlogontoourwebsite
www.annadana.com
Thankyou