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Topic
tions

3: Solution of Simultaneous Linear Equa-

To solve a system of two or more equations simultaneously,

1. the equations must be consistent

2. they must be independent (not multiples of each other)

3. there must be

as

many consistent and independent equations as variables.

There are two methods of solution, substitution and elimination, as well as ma-

trix methods.,

Example
Solve the system of equations

Br+2y1
-2r +

2.

We describe here the elimination method in which we eliminate one of the

variables. To do this we arrange for the coefficients of z or g to be the same by
multiplying the two equations by appropriate factors. One of the variables can
then be eliminated by adding or subtracting the two equations. Multiplying the
first equation by 2 and the second by 3 we obtain

6r + 4s -6r + 311

6.

Next we add the two equations:

7a

which

:8,

gives

a:

1.
This value can now be substituted in either of the original two equations to
obtain the corresponding value of n. Let us use the first equation then

3,+2fq\
\7/
16

D- t
u"-a
e-

f
1

.,

'7-

16

.)-

o&T

7-16
o

ao&

r:;r[-;l u
r:-j

/ 9\
\

t/

o
t)

that we
Therefore the solution is r: -317,a:8l7.of course, we can check
of
equations
set
original
into
the
it
back
substituting
by
solution
right
have the
and checking that the equation is satisfied'
Example
The equilibrium condition for two markets, butter and margarine, where P6 and
P^ ari the prices of bltter and margarine, respectively, are given by

- 3P^
-Pu*7P*
8Pa

19

The prices that will bring equilibrium to the model are found by solving these
equations.

Substitution Method
L. Solve one of the equations for one variable in terms of the other:

Pu:7P^ -

19

2. substitute the value of that term in the other equation and solve for P^

8&;-3P*
8(7 P* - 1.9) - 3P*
56P^-t52-3P*
53P^
P^3
3. Then substitute

P^:3

7
7
7
159

in either equation and solve fot

- 3(3)
8Pb-9
8h,
P62

sPb

7
16

P6:

Topic
tions

3: Solution of Simultaneous Linear Equa-

To solve a system of two or more equations simultaneously,

1. the equations must be consistent

2. lhey must be independent (not multiples of each other)

3. there must be

as

many consistent and independent equations as variables.

There are two methods of solution, substitution and elimination, as well as ma-

trix

methods.

Example
Solve the system of equations

ro&TLg, o".

-2r +

2.

We describe here the elimination method in which we eliminate one of the

variables. To do this we arrange for the coefficients of r or g to be the same by
multiplying the two equations by appropriate factors. One of the variables can
then be eliminated by adding or subtracting the two equations. Multiplying the
first equation by 2 and the second by 3 we obtain

6r+4y2
-6r + 3y

6.

Next we add the two equations:

7a

which gives

:8,

q,
,:
"7

This value can now be substituted in either of the original two equations to
obtain the corresponding value of r. Lel us use the first equation then

3,+2r_9)
\'( /
3r*- 167
31

1-

16
7

Elimination Method
1. Multiply (A) bv the coefficient of P6 in (B)' and (B) bv the.coefficient of
P6 in (A):
-(8Pb - 3P^:7)
8(-Pa * 7P^: 19)

-8Pb +
-8Po +

3P^: -7
56P*:152

2. Subtract (C) from (D):

Eo

ooa m

159

P^3
3. Substitute

P^:3

in either (A) or (B) and solve for

10

Po'