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Semantics properties
Father
Moreover the same semantics properties may be part of the meaning of many different words.
e.g:
Semantics properties ---> it can to refer to indicates:
Female
Actress
- hen
Girl
- doe
Women
- mare
In relation to that case, semantics properties were classify into 2, namely: general semantics
properties and specifics semantics properties.
e.g:
Word
Father
Human
Father
Parents
Male
Uncle
Father
Adult
Verbs
Motion
Contact
Creation
Sense
2. Semantic Feature
Semantic feature is a notational device for expressing the presence or absence of semantic
properties by pluses and minuses. Word may be intersecting semantic classes. For example
woman in the class with the property female; child is in the class young and girl is in the
intersecting class with the two properties female and young.
Additionally, there are semantic relations between words, and certain semantic categories
may imply other. For example, the property human implies animate.
Such relationships can be expressed by semantic feature. In this case the lexical entries for
words such as father, girl, and mare would have the following (incomplete) appearance:
Woman
Man
Girl
+ female
+ human
- young
+ male
+human
+female
+human
+young
Mare
+female
-human
-young
+horseness
The function of this feature is helps us to recognize the sentence which is semantically odd, so
we can make the right one if we know the rules.
Example:
1. The hamburger ate the man
2. My Cat studied linguistic
Notice that the oddness of these sentences does not derive from their syntactical structure.
According to some basic syntactic rules forming English sentences (such as those presented in
syntax), we have well-structured sentences:
The hamburger
NP
ate
V
the man
NP
This sentence is syntactically good, but semantically odd. Since the sentence The man ate
hamburger is perfectly acceptable, what is the source of the oddness we experience? One answer
may related to the components of the conceptual meaning of the noun hamburger which is differ
significantly from those of the noun man, especially when those nouns are used as subject of the
verb ate. The kinds of nouns which can be subjects of the verb ate must denote entities which are
capable of eating. The noun hamburger does not have this property (and man does), hence the
oddness of the first sentence above.
We can, in fact, make this observation more generally applicable by trying to determine the
crucial component of meaning which a noun must have in order to be used as the subject of the
verb ate. Such a component may be as general as animate being. We can then take this
component and use it to describe part of the meaning of the words as either + animate (= denotes
an animate being) or animate (= does not denote an animate being).
3. Meaning Postulates
In semantics, a meaning postulate is the notion that lexical items (words) can be defined
in terms of relations with other lexical items. The classic example (formulated by Rudolf
Carnap [citation needed]) is: bachelor = unmarried male. Alumni = graduated students.
A device whereby implicitly ANALYTIC sentences, like Bachelors are male, are
introduced into a formal language (one whose terms are rigorously defined) by postulates like
anything, if it is a bachelor, is (to count as) male. More interestingly, Anything, if it is a raven,
is (to count as) black could be used as a meaning postulate to fix a sense of raven.
REFERENCES
Mariani, Nanik & Fatchul Muin.2007.An Introduction to linguiatics.Banjarmasin:PT.LKIS
Pelangi Aksara.
Adisutrisno, D.Wagiman.2003. Semantics an Inttroduction to the basic concepts.
Surabaya:Airlangga University Press.