RESEARCH METHOD PROCESS

The research process is start with the situation analysis and formulation of
hypotheses selecting from among various methods of research scope of the
study, data collection, data analysis and suggestion & solution. Finally it
ends in a research report.
RESEARCH PROCESS FLOW-CHART

Situation Analysis

Formulation Of Hypotheses

Significance Of Problem

Scope Of The Study

Data Collection

Data Processing

Data Analysis

Suggestion And Solutions

Report writing

Verification and predictions

Situation Analysis: a project process involves the following steps:

1. Recognition of a need - to me it means that the functional requirements

have been clearly defined and stated;
2. Generate ideas on how to fulfill the need;

3. Develop viable concepts based on generated ideas;

4. Perform design based on the concepts;

5. Implement the design.

And the problem solving steps in the situation analysis are

1. Organize the knowledge about the system/situation;

2. Develop a functional model of the system/situation;

3. Analyze the model for problem solving ideas

Research Hypotheses: Formulation of hypotheses is the important step in

the process of formulating the research problem. Formulation of hypotheses
plays an important role in the growth of the knowledge in the every field.

Formulation of research hypotheses: To formulate a research

hypothesis we start with a research question and:

1. generate operational definitions for all variables, and

2. formulate a research hypothesis keeping in mind
 Expected relationships or differences
 Operational definitions
3. Hypothesis can also be classified in terms of how they were
derived
 Inductive hypotheses - a generalization based on
observation
 Deductive hypotheses - derived from theory
4. A hypothesis can be directional or non-directional.
 5. Hypotheses can also be stated as research hypotheses (as we
have considered them so far) or as statistical hypotheses.
6. The statistical hypotheses consist of the null hypothesis (H0),
the hypothesis of no difference and the alternative hypothesis
(H1 or HA) which is similar in form to the research hypothesis.

Research hypotheses

Significance of the problem : The research should be defined and pointing

out its core nature and its importance. The issue related to the problem may
also be confirmed. This statement gives direction to the research process

Scope of the study : A complete study of any problem is well near non-
manageable would involve an vast mountain of data therefore the scope and
dimension of the study should be encircled with reference to the tropical
scope ( Like breadth and depth, geographical area, period etc.) the purpose
of this limit is to make study manageable in the terms of the researcher’s
aim, interest etc.

Data collection : Data refers to a collection of organized information,

usually the results of experience, observation or experiment, or a set of
premises. This may consist of numbers, words, or images, particularly as
measurements or observations of a set of variables.

Five basic steps are outlined below that will help determine what data to
collect:

1. Find out what happened, and be as specific as possible. At what level

in the overall system, product, or process was the event discovered?
2. Method of detection. Internally? Externally?
3. Find out when the event happened. During testing? During
production run?
4. Find out if there is a similar event in historical records. If the answer
is "yes," it could save time by eliminating some data collection.
5. Find out if there have been any recent changes. Check vendor
materials, test conditions, etc.

How will data be collected and reported

Data may be collected by either manual or automatic means. Most test

results or observations are recorded manually on forms customized to
collect specific information then input into a computer database. Data is
sometimes taken automatically through the use of electronic devices that
send information directly to a database.

The automatic data information gathering technique is usually desirable

where continuous monitoring is necessary.

There are no standards for how to record or store data. When data is input
into a computer, manually or automatically, both retrieval and use become
obviously better. There are many software packages on the market that can
be readily tailored to fit specific needs.
Data processing :

Data processing refers to a class of programs that organize and manipulate

data, usually large amounts of numeric data. Accounting programs are the
prototypical examples of data processing applications. In contrast, word
processors, which manipulate text rather than numbers, are not usually
referred to as data processing applications.

Data analysis: Data analysis is the process of looking at and summarizing

data with the intent to extract useful information and develop conclusions.
Data analysis is closely related to Data mining, but data mining tends to
focus on larger data sets, with less emphasis on making inference, and often
uses data that was originally collected for a different purpose. Some people
divide data analysis into exploratory data analysis and confirmatory data
analysis, where the EDA focuses on discovering new features in the data,
and CDA on confirming or falsifying existing hypotheses.

Data analysis assumes different aspects, and possibly different names, in

different fields.