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ABSTRA~
The sampling of oil and gas condensate
reservoirs require that representative fluid samples
be removed by either surface or subsurface
sampling techniques. This paper briefly reviews both
of these techniques and discusses their relative
merits. Several practical examples are provided that
demonstrate the utility of an equation of state model
to verify the quality of separator samples to be useC;
in a recombination. In situations where free gas has
been entrained with the separator samples, the
equation of state model can frequently be used to
synthesize an appropriate gas to be used in a
recombination.
Introduction
Obtaining representative reservoir fluid samples
has become of increasing importance in the
development and exploitation of oil and gas
condensate reservoirs. This is especially true of
reservoirs where extensive computer simulations are
enhanced
oil
recovery
options
are
investigated.
Often times these decisions are based
on properties measured on relatively small fluid
volumes produced from the reservoir at one point in
time. Therefore it is imperative that the fluid samples
used to make these decisions closely match the
characteristic properties of the reservoir fluids at
actual reservoir conditions.
Representative fluid samples can usually be
obtained from producing reservoirs at either surface
or subsurface locations. Surface samples are
removed at either the separator or at the wellhead,
with the associated gas and liquid subsequently
recombined in proportions to represent the actual
reservoir fluid. Subsurface samples are removed from
within the wellbore at actual reservoir conditions
using bottom hole sampling tools and techniques.
The suitability of the particular sampling technique will
depend on a large nun't>er of factors which may
include economic considerations such as the cost of
sampling and associated loss of production, the type
of surface facilities that are available, the fluid
volumes that will be required and the type of reservoir
and fluid to be sampled.
Sampling Techniques
A thorough review of the equipment and
techniques used to obtain these different types of
fluid samples is outside the scope of this discussion
and individuals who are interested in more extensive
information on sampling procedures should refer to
the cited literature (1,2.3)
and information available
from equipment vendors and service companies that
specialize in sampling. However, a brief review of
the most common sampling techniques will be useful
to establish the fundamental principles that will
discussed later in this paper.
In general, surface samples obtained at the
separator require collection of high stage separator
gas and liquid which must be subsequently
reconDined in a ratio that corresponds to the
relative amounts of gas and liquid produced as the
reservoir fluid travels up through the wellbore and on
through the surface separation facilities. This type of
sample is the most frequently used for several
reasons:
entrainmentof disassociated
phasescan be
2 . Comperi80n
Component
N.
co.
HaS
c,
c.
c.
I-c.
n.c.
.,c.
n.c.
~
of ~.tor
-
EOS
G.s
0.0$1
0.0271
0.1231
0.6808
0.0840
0.0277
0.0025
O.~
0.0013
0.0011
0.0013
Measured
Gas
0.0056
0 .0264
0.1295
0.6790
0.0812
0.0351
0 .0034
0.0084
0.0016
0.0013
0.0008
providedin Table 5.
Table 4
. Comparisonof SeparatorGases
Component
EOS
N.
co.
0.0059
0.0512
H.s
0.0064
Ct
0.6387
0.1362
0.0907
0.0554
0.0155
c.
c.
c.
~
0.7309
O.~
0.0641
0.0392
0.0080
c.
There is a significantamountof excessmethanein
the sampled gas which is most likely the result of
gas cap gas entrainment into the separator. Using
the actual separator fluids in a recombination
resulted in a fluid with a saturation pressure much
higher than the maximum reservoir pressure for the
5
Recommendations
The collection of representative samples from a
reservoir can be accomplished through the use of
surface separator samples or subsurface samples but
results should be scrutinized carefully to ensure that
the final reservoir fluid Is consistent with the
properties of the reservoir. Equation of state models
can be employed to great advantage to assist in the
evaluation and synthesis of separator samples to be
used in recombinations. As with all computer
simulations, the quality of the input data should be
evaluated before it is used to model prospective
recombination fluids.
Conclusions
References
GAS ENTRAINMENT
FIGURE 1
AS A FUNCTION OF FLOWRATE
/
,/
0
~
~
~
Well Flowrate
FIGURE 2
GENERAL SCHEMATIC OF DEPLETED RESERVOIR
Separator Gas
Separator Oil
Gas Cap
Saturated
Oil System
Depleted Oil
FIGURE 3
EXAMPLE 1 - EOS SCHEMATIC
FIGURE 4
EXAMPLE 2 - EOS SCHEMATIC