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Human Flourishing
CH 10
Chapter Preview
What is stress?
How can we minimize the negative effects?
How can we increase human growth and
development in healthy ways?
Happiness
What is stress?
The process by which we appraise and cope with
environmental threats and challenges
Stressors
Stress Reactions
Emotional
Physiological
Behavioral
Categories of Stress
Frustration: blocked goal
Conflict: incompatible
motivations
Approach-approach
Avoidance-avoidance
Approach-avoidance
Categories of Stress
Change: having to
adapt
Social Readjustment
Rating Scale
Life Change Units
Pressure
Perform/conform
Emotional response
and performance
The inverted-Uhypothesis
Responding to Stress
Physiologically
Physiological Responses
Fight-or-flight response
Selyes General Adaptation Syndrome
Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion
APPhoto/Chile'sPresidency
APPhoto/LuisHidalgo
Responding to Stress
Physiologically
Hormones
released from the
hypothalamus
trigger a cascade
of hormonal
responses
Coping
Reappraisal
Confronting problems
Using humor
Expressing emotions
Managing hostility
Effects of Stress:
Behavioral and Psychological
Impaired task
performance
Burnout
Psychological
problems and
disorders
Positive effects
Emotions
(psycho)
which controls
the stress
hormones that
influence your
disease-fighting
immune system.
A Simplified View Of
Immune Responses
CNRI/ScienceSource
Fuse/Thinkstock
NIBSC/ScienceSource
LennartNilsson/Boehringer
IngelheimInternaAonalGmbH
EyeofScience/ScienceSource
Laurent/Yakou/ScienceSource
People with the highest life-stress scores were also most likely to
develop colds when exposed to an experimentally delivered virus
(Cohen et al., 1999).
The Relationship
Between Stress and Disease
Contagious diseases
vs. chronic diseases
Biopsychosocial model
Health psychology
Health promotion and
maintenance
Discovery of causation,
prevention, and
treatment
elements
strong competitiveness
impatience and time
urgency
anger and hostility
Coping Skills
Problem-focused coping
Taking direct action
Planning
Suppression of competing
activities
Restraint coping
Seeking social support
Emotion-focused coping
Focusing on and venting
emotions
Behavioral disengagement
Mental disengagement
Positive reappraisal
Denial
Acceptance
Turning to religion
Locus of Control
Results: Animal 2 has higher CORT and more ulcers than Animal 1 even though
the animals were exposed to exactly the same duration of shocks. Only difference
was that Animal 1 could control the stressor whereas Animal 2 could not.
Social Support
Personality Factors
Optimism
Conscientiousness
Autonomic reactivity
Activity
OLJStudio/ShuIerstock
DavidMadison/Jupiterimages
Mindfullness
Happiness
Resilience
The short life of emotional ups and downs
Wealth and well-being
Why cant money buy more happiness?
Happiness
Resilience
Involves process of bouncing back in the face of
adversity or significant sources of stress
CourtesyofAnnaPuI
HUMAN RESILIENCE
A similar analysis of
emotion-related words
in 59 million Twitter
messages found
Friday to Sunday the
weeks happiest days.
Happiness
Predictors of happiness
Genes: Heredity accounts for about 50 percent of
happiness ratings differences.
Personal history: Emotions balance around level defined
by experiences.
Culture: Groups vary in the traits valued.
Pursuit of Happiness
Biological Factors
set point
Obstacles
hedonic treadmill