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GENERAL
CERTIFICATE
IN
OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH
AND
SAFETY
MOCK
PAPER
IGC1:
MANAGEMENT
OF
INTERNATIONAL
HEALTH
AND
SAFETY
The
maximum
marks
for
each
question,
or
part
question,
are
shown
in
brackets.
Total
marks
is
100
1. (a)
Outline
the
factors
that
should
be
considered
when
selecting
individuals
to
assist
in
carrying
out
risk
assessments
in
the
workplace.
(5)
(b)
Describe
the
key
stages
of
a
general
risk
assessment.
(5)
(c)
Outline
a
hierarchy
of
measures
for
controlling
exposures
to
hazardous
substances.
(10)
Answer:
(a)
The
most
important
factor
is
the
competence
and
experience
of
the
individuals
in
hazard
identification
a nd
r isk
a ssessment.
S ome
t raining
i n
t hese
a reas
s hould
o ffer
evidence
o f
t he
r equired
c ompetence.
They
should
be
experienced
in
the
process
or
activity
under
assessment
and
have
technical
knowledge
of
any
plant
or
equipment
used.
They
should
have
knowledge
of
any
relevant
standards,
HSE
guidance
and
regulations
relating
to
the
activity
or
process.
They
must
be
keen
and
committed
but
also
aware
of
their
own
limitations.
They
need
good
c ommunication
s kills
a nd
b e
a ble
t o
w rite
i nteresting
and
accurate
reports
based
on
evidence
and
the
detail
found
in
health
and
safety
standards,
codes
of
practice,
regulations
and
guidance.
Some
IT
skills
would
also
be
advantageous.
Finally,
the
views
of
their
immediate
supervisor
should
be
sought
before
they
are
selected
as
team
members.
(b)
There
are
five
key
stages
to
a
risk
assessment
suggested
by
the
HSE
as
follows:
The
first
stage
is
hazard
identification
which
involves
looking
at
significant
hazards
which
could
r esult
i n
s erious
h arm
t o
p eople.
T rivial
h azards
should
be
ignored.
This
will
involve
touring
the
workplace
concerned
looking
for
the
hazards
in
consultation
with
workers
themselves
and
also
reviewing
any
accidents,
ill
health
or
incidents
that
have
occurred.
Stage
2
is
to
identify
the
person
who
could
be
harmed
this
may
be
employees,
visitors,
contractors,
neighbours
or
even
the
general
public.
Special
g roups
a t
r isk,
like
y oung
p ersons,
n ursing
o r
e xpectant
mothers
and
people
with
a
disability,
should
also
be
identified.
Page 1 of 9
Page 2 of 9
Reduced
o r
l imited
t ime
e xposure
i nvolves
reducing
the
time
that
the
employee
is
exposed
to
t he
h azardous
s ubstance
e ither
b y
g iving
t he
employee
other
work
or
rest
periods.
If
the
above
measures
cannot
be
applied,
then
the
next
stage
in
the
hierarchy
is
the
introduction
of
engineering
controls,
such
as
isolation
(using
an
e nclosure,
a
barrier
o r
g uard),
i nsulation
( used
o n
any
electrical
or
temperature
hazard)
or
ventilation
(exhausting
any
hazardous
fumes
or
gases
either
naturally
or
by
the
use
of
extractor
fans
and
hoods).
I f
ventilation
is
to
be
used,
it
must
reduce
the
exposure
l evel
f or
e mployees
t o
b elow
t he
workplace
exposure
limit.
Housekeeping
is
a
very
cheap
and
effective
means
of
controlling
risks.
It
involves
keeping
the
workplace
clean
and
tidy
at
all
times
and
maintaining
good
storage
systems
for
hazardous
substances.
A
safe
system
of
work
is
a
requirement
of
the
H SW
A ct
a nd
d escribes
t he
s afe
method
o f
performing
the
job.
Training
and
information
are
important
but
should
n ot
b e
u sed
i n
i solation.
Information
i ncludes
s uch
i tems
as
signs,
posters,
systems
of
work
and
general
health
and
safety
arrangements.
Personal
protective
equipment
(PPE)
should
only
be
used
as
a
last
resort.
There
are
many
reasons
for
this.
It
relies
on
people
wearing
the
equipment
at
all
times
and
must
be
used
properly.
Welfare
facilities,
which
include
general
workplace
ventilation,
lighting
and
heating
and
the
provision
of
drinking
water,
sanitation
and
washing
facilities,
are
the
next
stage
in
the
hierarchy.
All
risk
control
measures,
including
training,
and
supervision
must
be
monitored
by
competent
people
t o
c heck
o n
t heir
c ontinuing
e ffectiveness.
P eriodically
the
risk
control
measures
should
be
reviewed.
M onitoring
and
other
reports
are
crucial
for
the
review
t o
b e
u seful.
R eviews
o ften
t ake
p lace
a t
s afety
c ommittee
a nd/or
a t
management
m eetings.
A
serious
accident
or
incident
should
lead
to
an
immediate
review
of
the
risk
control
measures
in
place.
Finally,
special
control
requirements
are
needed
for
carcinogens.
Page 3 of 9
2. Outline
the
ways
in
which
employers
may
motivate
their
employees
to
comply
with
health
and
safety
procedures.
(8)
Answer:
Motivation
is
the
driving
force
behind
the
way
a
person
acts
or
the
way
in
which
people
are
stimulated
to
act.
The
best
way
to
motivate
employees
to
comply
with
health
and
safety
procedures
is
to
improve
their
understanding
of
the
consequences
of
not
working
safely,
their
knowledge
of
good
safety
practices
and
the
promotion
of
their
ownership
of
health
and
safety.
This
can
be
done
by
effective
training
(induction,
refresher
and
continuous)
and
the
provision
of
information
showing
the
commitment
of
the
organization
to
safety
and
by
the
encouragement
of
a
positive
health
and
safety
culture
with
good
communications
systems.
Managers
should
set
a
good
example
by
encouraging
safe
behaviour
and
obeying
all
the
health
and
safety
rules
themselves
even
when
there
is
a
difficult
conflict
between
production
schedules
and
health
and
safety
standards.
A
good
working
environment
and
welfare
facilities
will
also
encourage
motivation.
Involvement
in
the
decision
making
process
in
a
meaningful
way,
such
as
regular
team
briefings,
the
development
of
risk
assessments
and
safe
systems
of
work,
health
and
safety
meetings
and
effective
joint
consultation
arrangements,
will
also
improve
motivation
as
will
the
use
of
incentive
schemes,
However,
there
are
other
important
influences
on
motivation
such
as
recognition
and
promotion
opportunities,
job
security
and
job
satisfaction.
Self-interest,
in
all
its
forms,
is
a
significant
motivator.
Although
s omewhat
n egative,
i t
i s
n ecessary
sometimes
to
resort
to
disciplinary
procedures
to
get
people
to
behave
in
a
safe
way.
This
is
rather
like
speed
cameras
on
roads
with
the
potential
for
fines
and
points
on
your
licence.
3. (a)
Explain
why
young
persons
may
be
at
a
greater
risk
from
accidents
at
work.
(4)
(b)
Outline
the
measures
that
could
be
taken
to
minimize
the
risks
to
young
employees
(4)
Answer:
(a) Young
w orkers
h ave
a
l ack
o f
e xperience,
k nowledge
and
awareness
of
risks
in
the
workplace.
They
tend
to
be
subject
to
peer
pressure
and
behave
in
a
boisterous
manner.
They
are
often
willing
to
work
hard
and
want
to
please
their
supervisor
and
can
become
over-enthusiastic.
This
can
lead
to
the
taking
of
risks
without
the
realization
of
the
consequences.
Some
younger
workers
have
underdeveloped
communication
skills
and
a
limited
attention
span.
Their
physical
strength
and
capabilities
may
not
be
fully
developed
and
so
they
may
be
more
vulnerable
to
injury
when
manually
handling
equipment
and
materials.
They
are
also
more
sus-
ceptible
to
physical
agents,
biological
and
chemical
agents
such
as
temperature
extremes,
noise,
vibration,
radiation
and
hazardous
substances.
(b) The
Management
of
Health
and
Safety
at
Work
Regulations
require
that
a
special
risk
assessment
must
be
made
before
a
young
person
is
employed.
This
should
help
to
identify
the
measures
which
should
be
taken
to
minimize
the
risks
to
young
people.
Measures
should
include:
Page 4 of 9
additional
supervision
to
ensure
that
they
are
closely
looked
after,
particularly
in
the
early
stages
of
their
employment
induction
and
other
training
to
help
them
understand
the
hazards
and
risk
at
their
work
place
not
allowing
them
to
be
exposed
to
extremes
of
temperature,
noise
or
vibration
not
allowing
them
to
be
exposed
to
radiation,
or
compressed
air
and
diving
work
carefully
controlling
levels
of
exposure
to
hazardous
materials
so
that
exposure
to
carcinogens
is
as
near
zero
as
possible
and
other
exposure
is
below
the
WEL
limits
which
are
set
for
adults
not
allowing
them
to
use
highly
dangerous
machinery
like
power
presses
and
circular
saws;
explosives
mechanical
lifting
equipment
such
as
forklift
trucks
etc.
Restricting
the
weight
that
young
persons
lift
manually
to
well
below
any
weights
permitted
for
adults.
There
should
be
clear
lines
of
communication
and
regular
appraisals.
A
health
surveillance
programme
should
also
be
in
place.
4. Outline
the
main
components
of
a
health
and
safety
management
system.
(8)
Answer:
Good
answers
to
this
question
were
those
that
addressed
the
components
of,
health
and
safety
management
system
in
turn
and
highlighted
the
essential
features'
of
each.
For
instance,
that
the
policy
should
be
a
clear
statement
of
intent
setting
out
the
main
health
and
safety
aims
and
objectives
of
the
company;
that
the
organisation
for
health
and
safety
should
ensure
the
allocation
of
responsibility
to
appropriate
members
of
staff,
with
the
emphasis
on
achieving
competency,
control,
communication
and
consultation;
that
planning
and
implementing
should
involve
risk
assessment,
the
setting
of
standards
and
the
introduction
of
appropriate
control
measures
to
achieve
the
required
standards;
that
measuring
performance
should
be
carried
out
by
active
and
reactive
monitoring
methods;
and
that
finally
a
review
and
audit
should
be
carried
out
to
check
whether
what
was
planned
was
actually
taking
place,
to
consider
options
for
improvement
and
to
set
new
targets
where
necessary.
While
most
candidates
were
able
to
identify
the
main
components
of
a
safety
management
system
based
on
HSG65,
some
were
unable
to
provide
answers.
to
a
sufficient
depth
to
satisfy
a
clear
understanding
of
the
subject
area
to
Examiners.
5. Identify
FOUR
active
and
FOUR
reactive
means
by
which
an
organisation
can
monitor
its
health
and
safety
performance.
(8)
Answer:
In
answering
this
question,
active
methods
that
might
have
been
outlined
included
safety
audits
involving
comprehensive
and
independently
executed
examinations
of
all
aspects
of
an
organisations
health
and
safety
performance
against
stated
objectives,
safety
surveys
focusing
on
a
particular
activity
such
as
manual
handling,
training
programmes
and
employees
attitudes
towards
health
and
safety;
sampling
where
specific
areas
of
occupation
health
and
safety
are
targeted;
tours
involving
unscheduled
workplace
inspections
to
check
on
issues
such
as
wearing
of
PPE
and
housekeeping;
benchmarking
Page 5 of 9
This
will
determine
the
need
for,
and
nature
of,
other
key
elements
namely:
The
isolation
of
sources
of
energy
and
inlets,
The
additional
precautions
required
(e.g.
atmospheric
monitoring,
PPE,
emergency
equipment),
And
the
duration
permit
As
essential
element
of
a
permit-to-work
system
is,
of
course,
the
operation
of
the
permit
itself.
By
means
of
signatures,
the
permit
should
be
issued
by
an
authorised
person
and
accepted
by
the
competent
person
responsible
for
the
work.
On
completion
of
the
work,
the
competent
person
would
need
to
indicate
on
the
permit
that
the
area
had
been
made
safe
in
order
for
the
permit
to
be
cancelled
by
the
authorised
person,
after
which
the
isolations
could
be
removed.
8. Identify
EIGHT
sources
of
information
that
might
be
usefully
consulted
when
developing
a
safe
system
of
work.
(8)
Answer:
This
question
was
generally
well
answered
by
most
candidates,
who
outlined
sources
such
as:
Legislation;
Approved
codes
of
practice
and
official
guidance;
Manufacturer
information;
British,
European,
international
and
industrial
standards;
And
direct
contact
with
enforcement
agencies
and
professional
bodies.
As
well
as
such
external
sources,
better
candidates
looked
at
a
range
of
information
from
within
organisation,
such
as:
In
house
standards,
The
results
of
risk
assessment
and
job
safety
analysis,
And
accident
and
health
surveillance
date
9. (a)
Give
FOUR
reasons
why
an
organisation
should
have
a
system
for
the
internal
reporting
of
accidents.
(4)
(b)
Outline
factors
that
may
discourage
employees
from
reporting
accidents
at
work.
(4)
Answer:
For
Part
(a),
most
candidates
identified
that
accidents
should
be
reported
and
recorded
in
order
to
Comply
with
legislative
requirements
Page 7 of 9
Marks
were
also
available
for
identifying
that
accident
reporting
and
recording
can
also
lead
to
a
useful
review
of
risk
assessments
and
can
assist
in
the
consideration
of
any
civil
claims
that
may
arise.
In
answering
part
(b),
Examiners
were
looking
to
candidates
to
outline
such
factors
as:
Ignorance
of
the
reporting
procedures,
The
possibility
of
retribution
(particularly
within
a
blame
culture),
Peer
pressure,
A
previous
lack
of
management
response,
And
dislike
to
form
filling
Other
factors
include:
A
reluctance
to
lose
time
from
the
job
in
hand,
The
trivial
nature
of
any
injury
sustained,
And
a
desire
to
preserve
the
companys,
the
departments
or
the
individuals
personal
safety
record,
particularly
where
bonus
payments
are
affected
by
it.
10. List
the
factors
what
could
be
considered
when
assessing
the
health
and
safety
competence
of
a
contractor.
(8)
Answer:
Candidates
should
be
able
to
list
a
good
range
of
factors
that
include,
amongst
many
others:
11. Outline
FOUR
advantages
and
FOUR
disadvantages
of
using
posters
to
communicate
health
and
safety
information
to
the
workforce.
(8)
Answer:
Page 8 of 9
Posters
are
commonly
used
as
a
medium
for
passing
on
health
&
safety
messages
to
the
workforce
&
most
candidates
will
have
used
them
or
seen
them
in
use.
The
question
was
generally
well
answered
but
excellence
was
achieved
only
by
the
candidates
who
thought
practically
about
the
issues
involved,
structured
their
responses
under
the
separate
headings
of
advantages
&
disadvantages,
&
provided
a
reasonable
outline
as
required.
Advantages
of
posters
include:
their
relatively
low
cost,
(allowing
them
to
be
displayed
in
the
lost
apposite
positions)
Disadvantages
include:
they provide no direct way of assessing whether the message has been understood,
the
fact
that
they
may
become
soiled,
defaced
&
out-of-date,
&
the
possibility
that
they
might
be
seen
to
trivialise
serious
matters.
additionally
they
might
actually
alienate
people
if
inappropriate
stereotypes
(e.g.
of
the
stupid
worker)
are
used,
&
they
may
be
perceived
by
unscrupulous
employers
as
an
easy,
if
not
particularly
effective,
way
of
discharging
their
responsibility
to
provide
health
&
safety
information,
&
even
of
shifting
the
responsibility
onto
the
workforce
for
any
accidents
that
may
occur.
Page 9 of 9