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Outline
Nano fertilizers
Liquid fertilizers
Bio-fertilizers/organic fertilizer
Magical/mysterious products
increasing
regulation/environmental concerns
Fertilizer Prices
500
450
400
300
250
200
150
100
July
2008
July
2007
July
2006
July
2005
July
2004
July
2003
July
2002
July
2001
July
2000
July
1999
July
1998
July
1997
July
1996
July
50
1995
1990-1992 = 100
350
400
350
310
300
250
237
216
198
200
164
168
173
184
185
165
150
117
123
137
100
50
0
Fuels
Fertilizer
Seeds
Farm
Wage Rates
Machinery
2005
Feed
Ag.
Chemicals
2008
Source: Economic Research Service/USDA
KCl
35
25
P2O5
15
-5
99/00
00/01
01/02
02/03
03/04
04/05
05/06
06/07
07/08
08/09F
N
31,810
13,774
11,970
2,650
2,350
2,297
2,200
1,758
1,599
1,407
China
India
USA
Brazil
Pakistan
Australia
Canada
Turkey
Viet Nam
Indonesia
Source: http://www.fertilizer.org/ifa/Home-Page/STATISTICS
P2O5
11,958
5,537
4,147
3,149
969
867
635
608
600
570
China
USA
Brazil
India
Malaysia
Indonesia
France
Belarus
Poland
Germany
K2O
5,600
4,657
3,460
2,335
1,005
802
731
601
502
443
Other cereals
www.ifdc.org
Source : IFA
Fuel
500
All fertilizers
Nitrogen
400
300
200
May-09
Jan-09
Sep-08
May-08
Jan-08
Sep-07
May-07
Jan-07
Sep-06
May-06
Jan-06
Sep-05
May-05
Jan-05
Sep-04
May-04
Jan-04
Sep-03
May-03
Jan-03
Sep-02
May-02
Jan-02
Sep-01
May-01
Jan-01
Sep-00
May-00
Jan-00
100
increasing
regulation/environmental concerns
Region
Number
of farms
Avg N
rate,
kg/ha
Recovery,
%
Maize
NC USA
56
103
37
Rice
Asia-farmer
Asia-researcher
179
179
Wheat
India-poor weather
India-good weather
23
21
117
112
145
123
31
40
18
49
100
80
100
Relative yield, % .
120
60
40
20
**
0
5
10
15
20
25
**
90
80
70
60
50
Low
High
Yield
8.9
8
6
4
2
21964
N rate
1970
1976 1982
1988
1994
2000
//
/
// /
10
10
8
6
4.7
2
250
0
243
2001961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006
150
136
700
1964
PFP
1970 1976 (PFP)
1982
1988
1994
66
2000
60
50
40
30
1964
44
1970
1976
1982
USA
1988
1994
2000
100
50
115
0
PFP
951961 1967 1973 1979 1985 1991 1997 2003
75
55
35
34
19
15
1964 1970 1976 1982 1988 1994 2000 2006
China
increasing
regulation/environmental concerns
New fertilizers
High use efficiency
Relatively low price
Minimal environmental impact
Renewable
Nano fertilizers
2070 articles
60 patents
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were found to penetrate tomato seeds and affect their
germination and growth rates. Analytical methods indicated that the CNTs are able
to penetrate the thick seed coat and support water uptake inside seeds, a process
which can affect seed germination and growth of tomato seedlings
- University of Arkansas
Credit: ACS/ACS Nano (2009)
P-enriched Biochar
with nanotechnology
Fred Below
Crop Physiology Laboratory
University of Illinois
9.8
8.7
D Yield
7.6
6.5
Check plot yield
5.4
0
56
112
168
224
280
336
9.8
8.7
7.6
6.5
5.4
56
112
168
224
280
330
12.0
DK 61-69/72
DK 63-42/46
10.9
9.8
8.7
7.6
Refuge
VT3
6.5
0
56
112
168
224
280 0
56
112 168
224
280
Rootworm Bt on N use
Hybrid
NUE
Uptake
Utilization
kg/kg N
kg/kg N
DK 61-69
25.9*
71*
36.4
DK 61-72
17.0
52
33.1
DK 63-42
31.7*
71*
44.6
DK 63-46
22.4
56
40.1
Slow- or Controlled-release
fertilizers
Slow-release fertilizers/
Controlled-release
Water-soluble
Ammonium Nitrate
Slow-release
Nitroform
Non-coated
33.5% N
Very soluble
Highly leachable
Subject to
volatilization
Low acidity
High salt index 2.99
Ammonium nitrate
Dissolves all
at once
Controlled-release
Coated
Urea formaldehyde
Insoluble organic
38% N; 65-71% WIN
Biological N release
Rate influenced by soil
temperature
Urea formaldehyde
Slowly decomposes
to soluble N
Osmocote
Nutrients leak
through coating
Slow-release fertilizers:
Urea-formaldehyde (UF) 38% N
Isobutylidene diurea (IBDU) 32% N
Crotonylidene diurea (CDU) 32.5% N
Slow-release fertilizers
Nitamin 42G
Nitamin 30L
RC 24-0-0
Controlled-release fertilizers
Sulfur
Sulfur plus polymer
2222.mpg
CRF-9 month-Brown
Release
claimed
(days)
Release
Tested
(days)
AN, AP, PN
140
104
Product
Stated
NPK
analysis
F1
18-6-8
F3
84
F4
114
F5
114
AN, MonoAmmonium
16-6-11
150-180
Phosphate
168
F6
180
Liquid fertilizers
UF News
Bio-fertilizers
Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria
Iron-Solubilizing Bacteria
The siderophore shuttle iron delivery mechanism. Adopted from Stintizi et al. (2002)
Summary
Thank you!