Narrative

Stories consist of several parts. They are the beginning, the problem that occurred, how the
problem was solved, and the ending of the story.
The beginning of the story has the function of introducing the characters of the story,
where and when the story occurred. This part of the story is called orientation.
How the problem starts until its crisis point (climax) of the problem, in which the
character(s) have to face is called the complication.
How the problem is solved or ended is called the resolution.
The ending of the story which may consist of closing remark to the story, moral lesson,
advice or teaching from the writer is called re-orientation. However, this part of the
story is optional. You may or may not find it in a story.
The social purpose of this type of text is entertaining because they deal with the unusual
and unexpected development of events. It also instruct because they teach readers and
listeners that problems patterns of behavior
that are generally highly
valued
Narrative
Social function : to amuse, entertain and to deal with
problematic events which lead to a crisis
or turning point of some kind, which in
turn fi nds a resolution.
Generic structure:
Orientation : sets the scene and introduces the
participants.
Evaluation : stepping back to evaluate the plight.
Complication : a crisis arises.
Resolution : the crisis is resolved, for better or for
worse.
Reorientation (optional).
Hortatory Exposition
Hortatory Exposition text is use to argue a case for or against a particular position
or point of view and it proposes a suggestion in the end of the argumentation.
This such a text has the following elements:
1. The general statement of topic discussed.
2. Arguments which are arranged according to the writers choice. Usually it is based
on the criteria of weak and strong arguments.
3. Suggestion/recommendation which contains what should or should not happen.
Common grammatical patterns in exposition includes:
1. abstract nouns, e.g. culture, etc.
2. Action vers, e.g. value, etc.
3. Connectives, e.g. first, second,
Spoof
Spoof is a type of story which has a twist (funny part in the end of the story). It contains an
unpredictable event which makes the story funny. The main character of twist in a funny story

should be unpredictable and funny. It consists of the following element.

The beginning of the story. It contains the introduction of characters and the setting of the
story.
Series of events. It contains what happen to the characters.
Twist. It contains unpredictable funny ending of the story.
The social purpose of this type of text is entertaining readers using twist (unpredictable-funny
ending).

Expressing Annoyance
In the dialogue between Adib and Ayu in Task 3, you find an expression on how to express
annoyance. Ayu says Im a bit annoyed to express her annoyance.
There are some other expressions you can use to show your annoyance.
Expressing Annoyance
In Formal Situations In Informal Situations
Im extremely displeased with
is very irritating.
Im extremely unhappy about this.
really makes me mad.
I cannot stand
Why on earth he didnt ?

Expressions of Anger
Oh, dear!
Oh, bother!
What a nuisance!
Oh no, whats next?
Thats the last straw!