Evolution Maintenance

Evolution Series
User Manual
Maintenance
B4065 Rev. D
This manual is the property of Nera Networks AS. No parts of the manual may be copied, rewritten or distributed to third parties without the
written permission from Nera Networks AS.
In addition to the WEB edition
the manual is available in
paper format
The manual is divided in 5 main parts:

General
This part gives a general overview of the Evolution Series equipment
Installation
Gives the details on how to install the equipment
Operation
Describes how to operate the system with emphasis on the Evolution Series Manager
Maintenance
Gives details on maintenance of the equipment
Appendices
A collection of frequency plans, alarm lists, technical specifications etc.
Table of Contents
General
Installation
Operation
Maintenance
Fault Finding
Block Schematic Fault Finding
Front Panel Alarm diagnostics
Unit Replacement
IFU Replacement
IFU Units
SU Replacement
Appendices
Click on the
the menu
Home
to expand
Fault Finding
These procedures describe the most common fault-situations.
It is important to find the defective unit in order to minimize time consumption for fault finding and traffic downtime. This is normally done based on alarms, meter readings and looping from
Evolution Manager.
It is impossible to make a block schematic that covers all possible faults, therefore the following block-diagrams only cover the most common problems.
Note! The fault-finding needs to be performed by skilled engineers.
It is also important to have system-knowledge and skills in the use of Evolution Manager tools like looping-facilities, alarm and performance logs.
Potentional problems are also related to installation of IFU-ODU cables and connectors. Water penetration, lightening, or mechanical stress, may give IFU-ODU cable-problems. Sometimes it is
difficult to find the reason for the problem since a faulty cable, connector, power supply and different ODU-faults are giving exactly the same alarm-picture in Evolution Manager. Normally when the
link connection is lost, the alarm-information from the remote station is also lost.
Check if the IFU-ODU cable is shorted or open, by measuring the resistance on the IFU-side of the cable. It is also recommended to measure -48 V on the IFU connector as well as on the ODU
side of the cable.
Whenever unscrewing the connector on the ODU, make sure that it is always reconnected properly and protected from water penetration, by using the rubber sleeve or vulcanizing tape.

Diagram 1, Fault Finding by Looping
Diagram 2, RF problems
Diagram 3, Rx level problems
Diagram 4, Nominal Rx level problems
Front Panel Alarm Diagnostics

This is a simple procedure based on Unit-front LED and alarm status.
The alarm status can be monitored from the Evolution Manager, Fault page.
No units in the Evolution Series equipment is intended for field repair. A faulty unit is to be replaced with a new unit according to the requirements in the "Unit replacement" chapter.
Note! Check all cable connections and that all units are completely seated in the IFU Basic Frame housing before further troubleshooting is performed.
A red LED indicates alarm status on the unit. A blinking red LED indicates that the speciffic unit is placed in wrong slot according to "Unit Housekeeping".
Complete LED description for each unit is described in section General/System Overview/IFU Overview.
The SU LED will in addition act as a system alarm. If one of the AUX, Plug-in, RIU or FAN units have alarm, the SU will also indicate the alarm situation.
The following alarm severities will give alarm indication on the front panel:
MINOR
MAJOR
CRITICAL
For a complete alarm lists see Appendices/Alarm Lists
Example1
SU
Example2
Example3
Alarm Name
Description
Solution
SUBUS LINK
Ethernet Link alarm between SU and IFU

Basic Frame
Remove and re-insert SU in IFU Basic

Frame. If alarm condition persists - replace
SU or IFU Basic Frame
CONFIGURATION FAILURE
Configuration of SU failed
Remove and re-insert SU in IFU Basic

SU unit
The following alarms are

Ethernet alarms, only
relevant when the NE is
configured in IP mode
-------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------
HP-TIM / TIM-P
SDH Higher order Path Trace Identifier

Mismatch (VC-4) / SONET Higher order Path
Trace Identifier Mismatch (STS-3c SPE)
Verify configuration of Trace Identifier on

transmit and receive side. If conflict, verify
VC-4 trail including cables and X-connections
LINK LOSS
Ethernet (ETH2 port on SU front) link loss
Check Ethernet cable or peripheral

equipment
FORCED LINK LOSS
Ethernet (ETH2 port on SU front) is forced

down due to remote side link loss
If no Radio Link alarms on either side of the

hop - check ethernet cable or peripheral
equipment on remote side of the hop
LOC
Signal from IFU Basic Frame to SU is

squelched or defect
If no other Radio Link alarms - replace SU or

IFU Basic Frame
OOF
Out OF Frame from IFU Basic Frame to SU
If no other Radio Link alarms - replace SU or

IFU Basic Frame
The following alarms are

system alarms and do not
indicate a faulty SU:
-------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------
LOST CONTACT
Communication between SU and IFU Basic

Frame failed
Check for "SUBUS LINK" or

"CONFIGURATION FAILURE" alarms on the
SU. Handle alarms on SU first. If these
alarms are not present - unplug power cables
on the current IFU Basic Frame and
reconnect the cables. If alarm situation
persists - replace IFU Basic Frame
Configuration of IFU Basic Frame failed

alarms are not present - unplug power cables
on the current IFU Basic Frame and
reconnect the cables. If alarm situation
persists - replace IFU Basic Frame
AIS-INSERT
Signal from Line Interface Unit or SU to IFU

Basic Frame squelched or defect (transmit
direction, towards radio)
Check alarms on corresponding LIUs and

SU. Handle alarms on these units first. If no
alarms on corresponding LIUs or SU replace IFU Basic Frame
RX FAILURE
Signal from RIU to IFU Basic Frame

squelched or defect (receive direction, from
radio)
Check alarms on corresponding RIUs. Handle

alarms on these units first. If no alarms on
corresponding RIUs - replace RIU or IFU
Basic Frame
LOF
STM-1/STS3 Loss Of Frame
This alarm will only occur in combination with

other Radio Link Alarms. Handle the other
alarms first. If alarm condition persists change IFU Basic Frame
RS-TIM / TIM-S
Regenerator Section Trace Identifier

Mismatch

transmit and receive side. If configurations
are matching - verify STM-1/STS-3(OC-3)

trail including cables and X-connections See
Evolution Manager IFU Basic Frame Path
Trace
PDH SYNCLOSS ALARM
PDH Loss Of Frame

alarms first. If alarm condition persists change IFU Basic Frame
RPS SET TX MUTE FAILED
Setting of mute Tx signal on ODU failed

alarms first. If alarm condition persists - report
fault situation to Nera Networks
RPS CHAN NOT ALIGNED
RPS receive switch failure due to no

alignment

alarms first. If alarm condition persists - verify
Radio Link Path delay difference between the
channels
EOW
Alarm Name
Description
Solution
LOST CONTACT
Communication between SU and EOW unit

failed

alarms are not present - remove and re-insert
EOW unit in IFU Basic Frame. If alarm
condition persists - replace unit
Configuration of EOW unit failed

EOW unit in IFU Basic Frame. If alarm
OHC LINK LOSS
The internal packet channel has an error
Remove and re-insert EOW unit in IFU Basic

unit or IFU Basic Frame
4x64kb/s
Alarm Name
Description
Solution
LOST CONTACT
Communication between SU and 64kb/s unit

failed

4x64kb/s unit in IFU Basic Frame. If alarm
Configuration of 64kb/s unit failed

4x64kb/s unit in IFU Basic Frame. If alarm
OHC LINK LOSS
The internal packet channel has an error
Remove and re-insert 64kb/s unit in IFU

Basic Frame. If alarm condition persists replace unit or IFU Basic Frame
ACU
Alarm Name
Description
Solution
LOST CONTACT
Communication between SU and the ACU

failed

ACU unit in IFU Basic Frame. If alarm
Configuration of the ACU failed

ACU unit in IFU Basic Frame. If alarm
LIU Optical
Alarm Name
Description
Solution
LOST CONTACT
Communication between SU and LIU failed

LIU in IFU Basic Frame. If alarm condition
persists - replace unit
Configuration of LIU failed

LOS
Loss of input signal to LIU
Check cables and cable connectors to

peripheral device. If peripheral device and
cable connectors are ok - replace unit
LOF
STM-1/STS-3/OC-3 Loss Of Frame

RS-TIM / TIM-S

Mismatch

trail including cables and X-connections. See
Evolution Manager LIU Path Trace
AIS INSERT
AIS inserted towards Line Out
Check other Radio Link alarms. Handle

alarms on these units first. If no alarms replace LIU or IFU Basic Frame
Tx Laser Fault
Transmit laser failed
Replace Optical Line Interface Unit
LIU El
Alarm Name
Description
Solution
LOST CONTACT
Communication between SU and LIU failed

Configuration of LIU failed

LOS
Loss of input signal to LIU

LOF
STM-1/STS-3/OC-3 Loss Of Frame

RS-TIM / TIM-S

Mismatch

trail including cables and X-connections. See
Evolution Manager LIU Path Trace
AIS INSERT
AIS inserted towards Line Out
Check other Radio Link alarms. Handle

alarms on these units first. If no alarms replace LIU or IFU Basic Frame
LIU 3xDS3/E3
Alarm Name
Description
Solution
LOST CONTACT
Communication between SU and LIU 3xDS3/

E3 unit failed

Configuration of LIU 3xDS3/E3 unit failed

LOS 01...03
Loss of 3xDS3/E3 input signal

LIU 25x E1
Alarm Name
Description
Solution
LOST CONTACT
Communication between SU and LIU 25xE1

unit failed

Configuration of LIU 25xE1 unit failed

LOS 01...25
Loss of E1 input signal

Gigabit Ethernet
Alarm Name
Description
Solution
LOST CONTACT
Communication between SU and Gigabit

Ethernet unit failed

the Gigabit Ethernet unit in IFU Basic Frame.
If alarm condition persists - replace unit
Configuration of Gigabit Ethernet unit failed

the Gigabit Ethernet unit in IFU Basic Frame.
If alarm condition persists - replace unit
VCG-[1..8] DOWN
All members of VCG is down
Check for other Radio Link alarms. If no other

Radio Link alarms are present - verify VCG
configuration on both sides of the connection
VCG-[1..8] DEGRADED
Some members of VCG is down
Check for other Radio Link alarms. If no other

Radio Link alarms are present - verify VCG
configuration on both sides of the connection
ETH LINK LOSS
Traffic Ethernet link down
Check Ethernet cable(s) or periferal

equipment
FORCED LINK LOSS
Traffic Ethernet link is forced down due to

remote link loss
If no Radio Link alarms on either side of the

hop - check ethernet cable or peripheral
equipment on remote side of the hop
DXC
Alarm Name
Description
Solution
LOST CONTACT
Communication between SU and DXC unit

failed
Remove and re-insert DXC unit in IFU Basic

unit
Configuration of DXC unit failed

DXC in IFU Basic Frame. If alarm condition
OOF
STM-1 / STS-3 / OC-3 Out Of Frame

Frame. If alarm condition persists - unplug
and reconnect power cable(s)
LOC
Loss Of Clock

Frame. If alarm condition persists - unplug
and reconnect power cable(s)
RIU
Alarm Name
Description
Solution
LOST CONTACT
Communication between SU and

RIU failed

"CONFIGURATION FAILURE"
alarms on the SU. Handle alarms on
SU first. If these alarms are not
present - remove and re-insert RIU in
IFU Basic Frame. If alarm condition
CONFIGURATION
FAILURE
Configuration of RIU failed

alarms on the SU. Handle alarms on
SU first. If these alarms are not
present - remove and re-insert RIU in
IFU Basic Frame. If alarm condition
LBER
Estimated Bit Error Rate is above

configured threshold
Check other Radio Link alarms Handle these alarms first. If no other
alarms - check RF input level on
ODU connected to this RIU. If RF
input level ok - check antenna
(re-adjust) and RF path
HBER
Estimated Bit Error Rate is above

configured threshold
DEMOD SYNC LOSS
Demodulator is out of
synchronization

ODU LOST CONTACT
Communication from ODU to RIU

failed
Disconnect and reconnect IFU-ODU

cable. If alarm persists - check
cables and connectors and -48VDC
to ODU
TX FAILURE
Missing signal from IFU Basic Frame Check if IFU Basic Frame has
alarm. If not - replace RIU or IFU
Basic Frame
ODU POWER FAILURE -48V to ODU is shut down
Disconnect and reconnect IFU-ODU

cable. If alarm persiste - check
IFU-ODU cable and connectors for
short circuits. If cable ok, there is a
defect in either RIU or ODU - replace
RIU or ODU
EXT AGC AT MAX
Signal power level from ODU to RIU

is below limit
Check IFU-ODU cable for excessive

loss (may be due too cable length or
cable quality). If cable ok, there is a
defect in RIU or ODU - replace RIU
or ODU
ADC OVERRANGE
Signal power level from ODU to RIU

is above limit
Defect RIU or ODU - replace RIU or

ODU
XPIC SYNC LOSS
Signalling between RIUs for XPIC

has failed
Missing signal from the other RIU on

the other polarization. Remove and
reinsert both RIUs. If alarm situation
persiste - replace one RIU at the
time (start with the RIU with alarm). If
alarm situation persists - replase IFU
Basic Frame
ODU
Alarm Name
Description
Solution
NEED CONFIGURATION
ODU configuration is missing
Unplug and reconnect power cable. If alarm

condition persists - replace ODU
LOST CONTACT
Communication between SU and ODU failed
Check cable and connectors. Check surge

arrestors if mounted.
TX LO
Transmitter local oscillator failure

RX LO
Receiver local oscillator failure

CABLE LOF
Signal from RIU not received properly in the

ODU
Check IFU-ODU cable for excessive loss

(may be due too cable length or cable quality).
If cable ok, there is a defect in RIU or ODU replace RIU or ODU
TRANSMITTER FAILURE
Transmitter power amplifier is overheated
Check airflow around the ODU. If airflow is

OK and alarm status persists - change ODU
RF OUTPUT TOO LOW
Measured RF Output level is below setting
Disconnect and reconnect power cable. If

alarm condition persists - replace ODU
ATPC LOOP BROKEN
ATPC feedback signal from remote receiver

failed
Normally due to other Radio Link alarm. If no

other Radio Link alarms - disconnect and
reconnect power cable. If alarm condition
persists - replace ODU
RF INPUT LOS
RF input signal level is below critical limit
May be due to weather/atmospherical

conditions, or antennas need re-adjustment
POWER SUPPLY FAILURE
One or more of the secondary (internal)

power sources out of order
Check voltage level on ODU connector (-40.5

to -57 VDC). If voltage level within spec. replace ODU
FAN
Alarm Name
FAN ALARM
Description
Combined alarm for the 3 fans on the Fan
unit. Fan speed is too low
Solution
Change FAN Unit - If alarm condition persists
- change IFU Basic Frame
Unit Replacement
The new unit must have exactly the same unit code (Code:) as the unit to be replaced.
The unit revision (Rev:) is on the format "R1A" (revision 1A). The new unit must have the same or higher digit (1) on the revision tag to be compatible with the one to be replaced. The letter (A) is not
significant for interchangeability. See a typical label below:
The Supervisory Unit stores a copy of the configuration and SW for the different units. If a unit is replaced, the configuration will be automatically downloaded from the Supervisory Unit to the new
unit.
Note! This equipment contains components which are sensitive to "ESD" (Electro Static Discharge). It is therefore essential that whenever disassembling the equipment and/or handling PC
boards, special precautions to avoid ESD are made. These precautions include personnel grounding, grounding of work bench, grounding of tools and instruments as well as transport and storage
in special antistatic bags and boxes.
IFU Basic Frame Replacement

Note! When a complete IFU Basic Frame is replaced, the traffic through this IFU will be broken.
1. Unplug the power connector(s) on the RIU unit(s).
2. Disconnect all cables on the IFU front carefully. Mark all cables to ensure that the cables can be reconnected to the correct terminals on the new IFU.
3. IF the IFU is mounted in an equipment rack, unscrew the IFU from the rack (four screws).
4. Pull the IFU out carefully.
5. Remove all plug-in units except the Fan unit (the FAN unit is part of the IFU Basic Frame).
Replacement
1. Replace the plug-in units in the spare IFU Basic Frame.
2. Insert the new IFU in the Equipment rack (if rack mounted) carefully.
Note! If the IFU is part of a system with more than 2 channels, make sure that the plate, covering the IFU rear connectors, is removed and slide the IFU to enter the corresponding
connectors in the IFU shelf, without the use of excessive force.
3. Fasten the four screws.
4. Reconnect the front cables.
5. Reconnect the power cable(s).
IFU Units
Note! If the Radio system is protected (1+1, 2+1 etc.), manually switch the protection switching to the functioning channel (see Configuration/RPS/Manual Switch) before a RIU carrying
traffick, is removed from the IFU. Otherwise the traffic can be broken.
For SU replacement, see paragraph SU Replacement.
1. Unplug all cables on the unit to be replaced.

2. Unscrew the two "finger" screws that secure the unit to the IFU. A screwdriver may be used if necessary to unscrew the screws.
3. Remove the unit carefully from the IFU by pulling the screws.
Replacement
1. Insert the new unit carefully. Ensure that the unit enters the guides inside the IFU and gently press the unit to enter the internal connectors without the use of excessive force.
2. Fasten the two screws with your fingers. Do not use a screwdriver.
3. Reconnect all cables.
SU Replacement
In addition to the steps in the paragraph above, it is important that the correct system configuration is reloaded from a backup file when the SU is replaced by a spare unit. (See Operation Section;
Evolution Manager/Feature Description/Configuration/Backup)

Evolution Maintenance

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Evolution Series

The manual is divided in 5 main parts:

This part gives a general overview of the Evolution Series equipment

Gives the details on how to install the equipment

Gives details on maintenance of the equipment

A collection of frequency plans, alarm lists, technical specifications etc.

Block Schematic Fault Finding

Block Schematic Fault Finding

Diagram 3, Rx level problems

Diagram 4, Nominal Rx level problems

Front Panel Alarm Diagnostics

Ethernet Link alarm between SU and IFU

Remove and re-insert SU in IFU Basic

Remove and re-insert SU in IFU Basic

The following alarms are

SDH Higher order Path Trace Identifier

Verify configuration of Trace Identifier on

Ethernet (ETH2 port on SU front) link loss

Check Ethernet cable or peripheral

FORCED LINK LOSS

Ethernet (ETH2 port on SU front) is forced

If no Radio Link alarms on either side of the

Signal from IFU Basic Frame to SU is

If no other Radio Link alarms - replace SU or

Out OF Frame from IFU Basic Frame to SU

If no other Radio Link alarms - replace SU or

The following alarms are

Communication between SU and IFU Basic

Check for "SUBUS LINK" or

Configuration of IFU Basic Frame failed

Check for "SUBUS LINK" or

Signal from Line Interface Unit or SU to IFU

Check alarms on corresponding LIUs and

Signal from RIU to IFU Basic Frame

Check alarms on corresponding RIUs. Handle

STM-1/STS3 Loss Of Frame

This alarm will only occur in combination with

Regenerator Section Trace Identifier

Verify configuration of Trace Identifier on

are matching - verify STM-1/STS-3(OC-3)

PDH Loss Of Frame

This alarm will only occur in combination with

RPS SET TX MUTE FAILED

Setting of mute Tx signal on ODU failed

This alarm will only occur in combination with

RPS CHAN NOT ALIGNED

RPS receive switch failure due to no

This alarm will only occur in combination with

Communication between SU and EOW unit

Check for "SUBUS LINK" or

Configuration of EOW unit failed

Check for "SUBUS LINK" or

OHC LINK LOSS

The internal packet channel has an error

Remove and re-insert EOW unit in IFU Basic

Communication between SU and 64kb/s unit

Check for "SUBUS LINK" or

Configuration of 64kb/s unit failed

Check for "SUBUS LINK" or

OHC LINK LOSS

The internal packet channel has an error

Remove and re-insert 64kb/s unit in IFU

Communication between SU and the ACU

Check for "SUBUS LINK" or