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ISSN 1546-9239
2007 Science Publications
Separator
Under operation the rich solution water-ammonia,
coming from the storage tank, passes in the tubes of the
solar collector (1), where it will be heated by the solar
flux in this collector. A vaporization of ammonia is
produced in this tubes and the product vapor take the
poor solution to the separator.
The generated ammonia vapor containing a small
water vapor quantity will be purified in the rectifier.
The condensate water vapor returns in the separator (6)
whereas the ammonia vapor penetrates in the condenser
(7) in which it is liquefied. After that the liquid
ammonia passes from the condenser to the evaporator
(8) where it comes into contact with a hydrogen gas
flux (9) facilitating its evaporation by absorbing a
quantity of heat from the medium to be cooled. The
mixture gas of hydrogen-ammonia (11), which
produced at the evaporator temperature, comes into
indirect contact with the poor solution, coming from the
separator, in the heat exchanger where it absorbs a
quantity of heat of the latter. At the exit exchanger (13),
the cooled weak solution penetrates in the absorber
where it absorbs ammonia of the ammonia-hydrogen
gas mixture. This absorption is favored at low
temperature and it will be almost total. Insoluble
hydrogen in water goes up in top of the storage tank (9)
and returns in the evaporator whereas the rich solution
water-ammonia enters in the solar collector tubes and a
new cycle start again.
Theoretical analyzes: The evaluation of the
refrigerating machine performance criteria requires the
knowledge of momentum, energy and mass balance.
The liquid and vapor flow rates are determined by
B. Chaouachi, Research Unit: Environment, Catalysis and Analysis of Processes. National School
of Engineers of Gabs (E.N.I.G)- Omar Ibn ElKhattab Street -6029-Gabs-Tunisia.
Tel: 00216 75 392 380, Fax: 00216 75 392 190
85
7
4
Separator
Generator
11
14
Storage
T ank
m 3 + m2 = m1
= m3 + m2
3
+ m6
m7 = m 4
(19)
m5(
h 13 h 5 ) = Q 5 13
(21)
(3)
(4)
(22)
m 12 12 + m 13 13 = m 14 14
Water mass balance equation:
(23)
m14 ( 1 14 ) m 9 = m13 ( 1 13 )
(24)
Energy balance
(6)
(7)
(25)
(8)
m 9 + m1 = m14
(26)
m 14 14 = m 1 1
Energy balance
(27)
Energy balance
m7 h 7 m6 h 6+ m 4 h 4 = Q
(18)
(9)
(17)
Energy balance
m h m h + m h + m h + m h = 0
4 4
5 5
3 3
2 2
6 6
(16)
Energy balance
(5)
m13 13 = m 5 5
m4 + m5 = m2 + m3+ m6
Ammonia mass balance equation:
(15)
m h + m h + m2 h = Q
1 1
2
G
3 3
Energy balance
m5 + m4
(14)
m10 = m11
(2)
m 3 3 + m 2 2 = m1 1
(13)
m 9 (h11, H h9 ) + m 8 (h11, NH 3 h8 ) = Q E
Energy balance
m 8 = m11 11, NH 3
m10 = m 8 + m 9
Ammonia mass balance equation:
(12)
Absorber
(11)
m 7 h 7 + m8 h 8 = Q
Evaporator
13
12
10
Exchange
m 7 = m8
Energy balance
Condenser
Rectifier
(10)
( m14 m 9 )(
86
h14 h1 ) + m 9 (h14 h9 ) = 0
(28)
1,2
1,1
1
PU (KW)
0,9
COP
0,6
0,4
0,3
0,2
360
365
370
375
380
385
390
395
TG (K)
0.15
TE=263 K
TE=268 K
TE=278 K
TE=283 K
TE=273 K
0.13
0.11
0.09
0.07
0.05
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
TG (K)
P=5 bars
P=7,5 bars
P=12,5 bars
P=15 bars
P=10 bars
0,7
0,5
0.17
0.11
0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0
10
QG (kW )
0,8
0,135
0,13
0,125
CONCLUSION
0,12
360
365
TE=263 K
TE=278 K
370
375
380
TG (K)
TE=268 K
TE=283 K
385
390
395
TE=273 K
4.
Nomenclature
COP: coefficient of performance
Q:
heat transfer power (J/s)
h:
enthalpy (kJ/kg)
H/L: submergence
.
m:
P:
T:
:
:
Subscripts
1, 2, 3systems point designation
A:
Absorber
C:
Condenser
E:
Evaporator
G:
Generator
H:
Hydrogen
NH3: Ammonia
R:
Rectifier
r:
rich
REFERENCES
1.
2.
3.
88