Steady State Analysis and Dynamic Analysis Of

Wound Rotor Induction Generator

Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering
B.V.Bhoomraddi College Of Engineering and Technology
Hubli, Karnataka
Email: anuradha1811bp@gmail.com

AbstractThe abstract goes here.

I. I NTRODUCTION
Wind energy for electricity generation is becoming an
increasingly attractive energy source due to increase in energy
demand world wide and environmental concerns.Now a days,
greater emphasis is given on renewable energy sources,
rather than usage of fossil fuels.In this frame, lot of steps are
planned and implemented among various countries to increase
the percentage share of the total electric power generation
from renewable sources.
For efficient usage of wind energy, wind energy systems
employ various technical solutions such as Wind energy
conversion systems(WECSs), Squirrel cage induction
generators, Slip ring induction machines, Wound rotor
induction generators and recently doubly fed induction
generators.Wind energy conversion systems are simple and
robust.Squirrel cage induction generators are popularly
used for small to medium power applications.The slip ring
induction generator are employed for large capacity in the
range of MW that supplies power at constant grid voltage
and frequency.Recent development in wind energy systems
are doubly fed induction generators that provides independent
control over real and reactive power.However wound rotor
induction generators(WRIGs) with rotor resistance control is
proven to be more economic and simple in operation.There
is less power fluctuations as it does not lead to grid
synchronization problems.
In this project, efforts are made to analyse how the variation in
external rotor resistance leads to control of active and reactive

power. Steady state analysis of torque characterestics, stator

active and reactive power control with variation in external
rotor resistance are carried out through programming.Its
effect on torque, active and reactive power is observed.And
also dynamic simulation is carried out in Scilab xcos and
the effect of external resistance is verified.For efficient
utilization of power, slip recovery scheme can be provided
or the power wasted in resistance can be utilized for battery
charging.Further the control scheme can be provided to adjust
the external resistance precisely.
The paper is organized as follows.A brief disscussions of
Steady state analysis and Dynamic modeling and analysis are
made in Section II and Section III respectively.The results
obtained from simulating as well as through programming
are compared and presented in Section III(2).Section IV
concludes the paper.

Fig. 1. Single phase electric circuit of DFIG

II. S TEADY S TATE ANALYSIS

The steady state performance can be described by
equivalent electric circuit reffered to the stator as shown in
Fig.1.The stator is connected directly to the grid, supplied
with constant and balanced three-phase AC voltage amplitude
and frequency. In this figure Vs and Vr are stator voltages,Rs
and Rr are rotor voltages, Xs and Xr are stator and rotor
leakage reactances, Lm is magnetizing inductance. s is the

slip .
The external resistance Re is inserted in the rotor of a wound
rotor motor.The equivalent resistance of the rotor combined
with Re is given by
Req =

Rr
+ Re
s

(1)

The circuit in Fig.1. can be solved to determine the

performance of the generator for a given slip, machine
parameters and the value of external resistance.
The electromagnetic torque (Tem) expression relating rotor
and stator fluxes is given by
T em =

3Lm p Imag(r s )
Lr Ls L2m

Fig. 3. Torque characterestics

(2)

Stator and Rotor active powers are given by

Ps =
Pr =

T em ws
p

(3)

T em wr
p

(4)

A. Steady State Characterestics

Investigation on WRIG characterestics curves to understand
the operating characterestics of WRIG is carried out using
phython software.Assuming a constant grid voltage, the torque
depends on rotor voltage, rotor speed and the rotor angle.
For a fixed speed induction machine working in generator
mode corresponds to negative values extending from the super
synchronous speed to sub synchronous speed as shown in
Fig.2. When rotor resistance Rr is increased by adding external
resistance for a wound rotor motor, torque is unaffected and
speed at which it occurs can be controlled. This is shown in
Fig.3

Fig. 4. Torque with varying resistances

The stator and rotor voltage equations are represenred as

d
ds
dt
d
Vqs = Rs iqs + qs
dt
d
Vdr = Rr idr + dr + m qr
dt
d
Vqr = Rr iqr + qr m dr
dt
The equations for flux linkages are given by
Vds = Rs ids +

(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)

ds = Ls ids + Lm idr

(9)

dr = Lr idr + Lm ids

(10)

qs = Ls iqs + Lm iqr

(11)

qr = Lr iqr + Lm iqs

(12)

The expressions for currents are given by

Fig. 2. Single phase electric circuit of DFIG

III. DYNAMIC MODELING

Using the space vector notation in the stator reference
frame the differential equations representing the model of the
DFIM are derived.

ids =

[ds Lr dr Lm ]
Ls Lr L2m

(13)

idr =

[dr Ls ds Lm ]
Ls Lr L2m

(14)

iqs =

[qs Lr qr Lm ]
Ls Lr L2m

(15)

iqr =

[qr Ls qs Lm ]
Ls Lr L2m

(16)

When the load torque is known, the electromagnetic torque

equation is given by
Tem = Tload + J

d
m
dt

(17)

where J is polar moment of inertia

The power equations in d-q axis are given by
Ps =

3
(vs is + vs is )
2

(18)

Qs =

3
(vs is + vs is )
2

(19)

Fig. 5. Dynamic simulation using Scilab xcos

1) Dynamic simulation: The effective way to analyse the

characteristics is through simulation.The external resistance
is connected to the rotor and is varied accordingly to have
control over stator active and reactive power.The electric
parameters values considered for simulation are given
Appendix I
In the dynamic simulation block shown in Fig.3, the
first subsystem converts three phase voltage in d-q axis
voltages.The second subsystem evaluates torque and currents
ids, iqs, iqr, idr.The third subsystem evaluates powers in d-q
axis. The subsystem evaluating torque is shown in Fig.4.
In the dynamic block shown in Fig.4, load torque is varied
from super synchronous to sub synchronous and transient
behaviour is observed as shown in the Fig.4. In this figure
load torque is varied from (100Nm to -13000Nm).As the
external resistance is increased the stator active power(Ps)
and stator reactive power(Qs) decreases.It is shown in Table. 1.
Single phase stator voltage and current relationship is shown
in Fig.6.It can be seen that current leads voltage by 900 . The
stator active and reactive powers without external resistance
is shown in Fig.7. Similarly by varying external resistance the
effect on both stator active and reactive powers are analysed
and it is shown in Table.1.It can be analysed that as the external
resistance varies, the reactive power required for the flux
production decreases and since the power is wasted through
the resistance stator power decreases.
All the three phase currents ia,ib,ic are shown in Fig.8.
IV. C OMPARISION OF RESULTS
The results of steady state programming are compared with
the results of dynamic simulation.It can be observed that the
results are matching.
The tabular coloum shows the results of simulation carried
out using Scilab xcos:

Fig. 6. Inner block

Re()
0
0.5
1
0
0.5
1
0
0.5
1
0
0.5
1
0
0.5
1
0
0.5
1

Active power(Ps)
-1.245 MW
-1.242 MW
-1.205MW
-1.4 MW
-1.39 MW
-1.355MW
-1.55 MW
-1.54 MW
-1.504 MW
-1.707 MW
-1.702 MW
-1.652 MW
-1.86 MW
-1.85 MW
-1.798 MW
-2.013 MW
-2.0 MW
-1.943 MW

Reactive power(Qs)
0.801 MW
0.787 MW
0.769 MW
0.854 MW
0.84 MW
0.818 MW
0.915 MW
0.899 MW
0.875 MW
0.982 MW
0.965 MW
0.937 MW
1.057 MW
1.039 MW
1.007MW
1.139 MW
1.12 MW
1.082 MW

Table.1:Results of Steady state analysis

The below tabular coloum shows results of steady state

analysis programmed through phython software.

Fig. 7. Torque characterestics

Fig. 9. Ps and Qs at load torque(100 to -13000)

Fig. 8. voltage and current relationship of Phase a

Fig. 10. 3-phase currents ia, ib, ic

(Re)
0
0.5
1
0
0.5
1
0
0.5
1
0
0.5
1
0
0.5
1
0
0.5
1

Active power(Ps)
-1.2566 MW
-1.2448 MW
-1.2063MW
-1.416 MW
-1.3992 MW
-1.365 MW
-1.571 MW
-1.554 MW
-1.505 MW
-1.728 MW
-1.706 MW
-1.662 MW
-1.885 MW
-1.86 MW
-1.799 MW
-2.04 MW
-2.013 MW
-1.963 MW

Reactive power(Qs)
0.81 MW
0.772 MW
0.765 MW
0.86 MW
0.84 MW
0.823 MW
0.934 MW
0.901 MW
0.876 MW
0.961 MW
0.968 MW
0.935 MW
1.1 MW
1.057 MW
1.007MW
1.118MW
1.139 MW
1.094 MW

Table.2:Results of Dynamic analysis

for excitation decreases and hence reactive power of the stator

decreases. As the external resistance increases, the active
power of the stator decreases due to heat dissipation through
the resistance. The torque remains almost constant irrespective
of change in external resistance and the speed it occours can
be controlled.
VI. A PPENDIX I
TABLE I
WOUND ROTOR INDUCTION MACHINE PARAMETERS
Rated stator voltage
Rated stator current
Rated torque
Rs
Rr
Ls
Lr
Lm

690
1760
12732
2.5m
2.9m
2.587m
2.587m
2.5m

V. C ONCLUSION
In this paper steady state analysis and dynamic simulation
of wound rotor induction generator is developed.The external
resistance, provided to rotor windings, is varied. The transient
and steady state behaviour is investigated.It is observed that as
the external resistance increases, the amount of flux required

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author wish to thank the Principal Dr. Ashok Shettar,
Bhoomreddy College Of Engineering and Technology,Hubli
for giving us an opportunity to work and for providing the

necessary facilities in our college. The author also wish to

thank Dr. A B Raju, H.O.D.of Electrical and Electronics
Department, BVB College of Engineering and Technology
under whom this project is being carried out and thanks for
his valuable advice.
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