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Mechanical Vibrations
804 420 3
Review Questions ( I )
4. Harmonic Motions
Section (1)
Q.1: Give brief answers to the following:
1. Give two examples each of the bad and the good effects of vibration?
2. What are the three elementary parts of a vibrating system?
3. Define the number of degrees of freedom of a vibrating system?
4. What is the difference between a discrete and a continuous system? Is it possible to solve
any vibration problem as a discrete one?
5. In vibration analysis, can damping always be disregarded?
6. What is the difference between deterministic and random vibration? Give two practical
examples of each?
7. How do you connect several springs to increase the overall stiffness?
8. Define spring stiffness and damping constant?
9. Define these terms: cycle, amplitude, phase angle, linear frequency, period, and natural
frequency?
10. How are
related to each other?
11. How do you add two harmonic motions having different frequencies?
12. What are beats?
13. Define the terms decibel and octave?
Section (2)
Q.2: Indicate whether each of the following statements is True or False:
(1) If energy is lost in any way during vibration, the system can be considered to
be damped.
(2) The superposition principle is valid for both linear and nonlinear systems.
(3) The frequency with which an initially disturbed system vibrates on its own is
known as natural frequency.
(4) Any periodic function can be expanded into a Fourier series.
(5) A harmonic motion is a periodic motion.
(6) The equivalent mass of several masses at different locations can be found
using the equivalence of kinetic energy.
True
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False
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Section (3)
Q.3: Fill in the blank with the proper word:
Systems undergo dangerously large oscillations at .
Undamped vibration is characterized by no loss of .
A vibratory system consists of a spring, damper, and .
If a motion repeats after equal intervals of time, it is called a . motion.
When acceleration is proportional to the displacement and directed toward the mean
position, the motion is called . harmonic.
6. The time taken to complete one cycle of motion is called the . of vibration.
7. The number of cycles per unit time is called the . of vibration.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(c) solid
The equivalent spring constant of two parallel springs with stiffnesses k1 and k2 is
(b)
(c)
7.
The equivalent spring constant of two series springs with stiffnesses k1 and k2 is
(a)
(a)
(b)
8.
(a)
(c)
Section (5)
Q.5: Match the equivalent spring constants:
k1 = 20 N/m, k2 = 50 N/m, k3 = 100 N/m and k4 = 200 N/m
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
18.9189 N/m
370.0 N/m
11.7647 N/m
300.0 N/m
70.0 N/m
170.0 N/m
350.0 N/m
91.8919 N/m
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Section (6)
Q.6: Give brief answers to the following:
1. Can the energy method be used to find the differential equation of motion of all singledegree-of-freedom systems?
2. What assumptions are made in finding the natural frequency of a single-degree-of-freedom
system using the energy method?
3. State the parameters corresponding to m, c, k, and x for a torsional system?
4. What effect does a decrease in mass have on the frequency of a system?
5. What effect does a decrease in the stiffness of the system have on the natural period?
6. Why does the amplitude of free vibration gradually diminish in practical systems?
7. Why is it important to find the natural frequency of a vibrating system?
8. Is the frequency of a damped free vibration smaller or greater than the natural frequency of
the system?
9. What is the use of the logarithmic decrement?
10. What is critical damping, and what is its importance?
11. What happens to the energy dissipated by damping?
12. What is the reason for studying the vibration of a single-degree-of-freedom system?
13. How can you find the natural frequency of a system by measuring its static deflection?
14. What is the significance of c < 0?
Section (7)
Q.7: Indicate whether each of the following statements is True or False:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
True
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False
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(6)
(7)
(8)
where k and m denote the torsional spring constant and the polar mass
moment of inertia, respectively.
(9) Rayleighs method is based on the principle of conservation of energy.
(10) For an undamped system, the velocity leads the displacement by
(11) For an undamped system, the velocity leads the acceleration by
(12) The motion diminishes to zero in both underdamped and overdamped cases.
(13) The logarithmic decrement can be used to find the damping ratio.
(14) The characteristic equation of a single-degree-of-freedom system can have
one real root and one complex root.
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Section (8)
Q.8: Fill in the blank with the proper word:
1. The logarithmic decrement denotes the rate at which the . of a free damped vibration
decreases.
2. The free vibration of an undamped system represents interchange of . and .
energies.
3. A system undergoing simple harmonic motion is called a . oscillator.
4. The mechanical clock represents a . pendulum.
5. Rayleighs method can be used to find the . frequency of a system directly
6. Any two successive displacements of the system, separated by a cycle, can be used to find
the . decrement.
7. The damped natural frequency
can be expressed in terms of the undamped natural
frequency
as .
Section (9)
Q.9: Select the most appropriate answer from the multiple choices given:
1. The natural frequency of a system with mass m and stiffness k is given by:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(a)
(c) harmonic
7. If the characteristic roots have positive real values, the system response will be:
(a) stable
(b) unstable
(c) asymptotically stable
8. The frequency of oscillation of the response of a system will be higher if the imaginary part
of the roots is:
(a) smaller
(b) zero
(c) larger
9. If the characteristic roots have a zero imaginary part, the response of the system will be:
(a) oscillatory
(b) nonoscillatory
(c) steady
Section (10)
Q.10: Match the following for a single-degree-of-freedom system with m = 1, k = 2, and c = 0.5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Natural frequency,
Linear frequency,
Natural time period,
Damped frequency,
Critical damping constant,
Damping ratio,
Logarithmic decrement,
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
1.3919
2.8284
2.2571
0.2251
0.1768
4.4429
1.4142
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See all the PROBLEMS at each lecture and make sure that YOU can solve them.