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5. Find some good websites that explain rules for the following and paste the url below:
Capitalisation
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/capitals.htm
http://www.towson.edu/ows/capitalization_rules.htm
Plurals
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/plurals.htm
http://www.grammarly.com/handbook/grammar/nouns/3/plural-nouns/
6. Find a website that explains punctuation rules and answer the following questions:
1. Use a comma before any coordinating conjunction (and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet) that links two
independent clauses.
Example: "I went running, and I saw a duck."
You may need to learn a few grammatical terms to understand this one.
An independent clause is a unit of grammatical organization that includes both a subject and verb and can stand
on its own as a sentence. In the previous example, "I went running" and "I saw a duck" are both independent
clauses, and "and" is the coordinating conjunction that connects them. Consequently, we insert a comma.
If we were to eliminate the second "I" from that example, the second clause would lack a subject, making it not a
clause at all. In that case, it would no longer need a comma: "I went running and saw a duck."
2. Use a comma after a dependent clause that starts a sentence.
Example: "When I went running, I saw a duck."
A dependent clause is a grammatical unit that contains both subject and verb but cannot stand on its own, like
"When I went running ..."
potentially suggesting that only one invitation was sent to two strippers named JFK and Stalin.
Witness: "We invited the strippers, JFK and Stalin."
5. Use a comma after introductory adverbs.
"Finally, I went running."
"Unsurprisingly, I saw a duck when I went running."
Many adverbs end in "ly" and answer the question "how?" How did someone do something? How did something
happen? Adverbs that don't end in "ly," such as "when" or "while," usually introduce a dependent clause, which
rule number two in this post already covered.
Also insert a comma when "however" starts a sentence, too. Phrases like "on the other hand" and "furthermore"
also fall into this category.
Starting a sentence with "however," however, is discouraged by many careful writers. A better method would be
to use "however" within a sentence after the phrase you want to negate, as in the previous sentence.
6. Use a comma when attributing quotes.
Contributed by: (double click here & enter your name)
The British Council, 2014
The British Council is the United Kingdom's international organisation for cultural relations and education opportunities.
British Council Malaysia is a branch (995232-A) of the British Council, registered as a charity in England and Wales (209131) and Scotland (SC037733)
a duck."
If attribution comes after the quote, put the comma inside the quotation marks. "I saw a duck,"
said the runner.
7. Use a comma to separate each element in an address. Also use a comma after a city-state
combination within a sentence.
"I work at 257 Park Ave. South, New York, N.Y. 10010."
"Cleveland, Ohio, is a great city."
8. Also use a comma to separate the elements in a full date (weekday, month and day, and year). Also
separate a combination of those elements from the rest of the sentence with commas.
"March 15, 2013, was a strange day." Even if you add a weekday, keep the comma after "2013."
"Friday, March 15, 2013, was a strange day."
"Friday, March 15, was a strange day."
You don't need to add a comma when the sentence mentions only the month and year. "March 2013 was a
strange month."
9. Use a comma when the first word of the sentence is freestanding "yes" or "no."
"Yes, I saw a duck when I went running."
"No, the duck didn't bite me."
10. Use a comma when directly addressing someone or something in a sentence.
My editor often asks, "Christina, is that article up yet?"
Another clever meme shows the problem with incorrect placement of this comma. "Stop clubbing baby seals"
reads like an order to desist harming infant mammals of the seal variety. The version with a comma, however,
instructs them to stop attending hip dance clubs. "Stop clubbing, baby seals."
11. Use a comma between two adjectives that modify the same noun.
For example: "I saw the big, mean duck when I went running."
Only coordinate adjectives require a comma between them. Two adjectives are coordinate if you can answer
yes to both of these questions: 1. Does the sentence still make sense if you reverse the order of the
words? 2. Does the sentence still make sense if you insert "and" between the words?
Since "I saw the mean, big duck " and "I saw the big and mean duck" both sound fine, you need
the comma.
Contributed by: (double click here & enter your name)
The British Council, 2014
The British Council is the United Kingdom's international organisation for cultural relations and education opportunities.
British Council Malaysia is a branch (995232-A) of the British Council, registered as a charity in England and Wales (209131) and Scotland (SC037733)
Sentences with non-coordinate adjectives, however, don't require a comma. For example, "I lay
under the powerful summer sun." "Powerful" describes "summer sun" as a whole phrase. This
often occurs with adjunct nouns, a phrase where a noun acts as an adjective describing another
noun like "chicken soup" or "dance club."
12. Use a comma to offset negation in a sentence.
For example: "I saw a duck, not a baby seal, when I went running."
In this case, you still need the comma if the negation occurs at the end of the sentence. "I saw a baby seal, not
a duck."
Also use commas when any distinct shift occurs in the sentence or thought process. "The cloud looked like an
animal, perhaps a baby seal."
13. Use commas before every sequence of three numbers when writing a number larger than 999. (Two
exceptions are writing years and house numbers.)
For example, 10,000 or 1,304,687.
Read more: http://www.businessinsider.com/a-guide-to-proper-comma-use-2013-9#ixzz3E6go38Jo
The main task of the semicolon is to mark a break that is stronger than a comma but not as final as a full stop.
Its used between two main clauses that balance each other and are too closely linked to be made into
separate sentences, as in these two examples:
The road runs through a beautiful wooded valley; the railway line follows it.
An art director searched North Africa; I went to the Canary Islands.
You can also use a semicolon as a stronger division in a sentence that already contains commas:
The study showed the following: 76% of surveyed firms monitor employee Web-surfing activities, with 65%
blocking access to unauthorized Internet locations; over one-third of the firms monitor employee computer
keystrokes; half reported storing and reviewing employee emails; 57% monitor employee telephone behaviour,
including the inappropriate use of voicemail.
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/words/semicolon
between two main clauses in cases where the second clause explains or follows from the first:
to introduce a list:
The price includes the following: travel to London, flight to Venice, hotel accommodation, and
excursions.
The job calls for skills in the following areas: proofing, editing, and database administration.
7. Imagine you were going to teach some students how to use recommend, what would your explanation
be? You can use the link on the Power Point to look it up if you like.
9. Go to the website from the link below and look at the information about Idioms. Answer the following
questions:
What is an idiom?
http://www.dcielts.com/ielts-writing/10-wayswriting-more-academic/