CHALLENGE, 3rd ESO Introduction

Vocabulary Revision
Adjectives - adjetivos
calm / excited
colourful / plain
unusual / common
attractive / ugly
old-fashioned / trendy
expensive / cheap
casual / elegant
wet /dry

calmado /
colorido /
inusual /
atractivo /
pasado de moda /
caro /
informal /
hmedo /
Nouns - sustantivos

photographer fotgrafo
knee rodilla
sunny soleado
nervous nervioso
boots botas

train tren
detective detective
painting cuadro, pintura
oven horno
trendy de moda, actual
Rooms - habitaciones

living room cuarto de estar

kitchen cocina
bathroom cuarto de bao
garden jardn

bedroom - dormitorio
hall - recibidor
toilet lavabo, retrete
wall - pared
Furniture - mobiliario

table - mesa
armchair silln
bed cama
sink lavabo, fregadero
cooker cocina (aparato de cocina)

chair - silla
sofa sof
night table mesilla de noche
refrigerador / fridge frigorfico
oven horno
Question words

who? quin?
what? - qu?
when? - cundo?

why? - por qu?

which? - cul?
where? - dnde?

how? - cmo?
how much? - cunto?
how long? - cunto tiempo?

how many - cuntos?

how often? - con qu frecuencia?

CHALLENGE, 3rd ESO Unit 1 Working

Today

Professions
surgeon cirujano
childminder cuidador infantil
manager director, gestor, ejecutivo
judge juez
shop assistant dependiente tienda
plumber fontanero
hairdresser peluquero

lawyer abogado
coach entrenador deportivo
journalist periodista
fashion designer diseador de moda
fire-fighter bombero
carpenter carpintero
beautician maquillador, esteticienne

present simple / present continuous

It is raining at the moment
Our football team meets the coach every day after school.
Does your daddy read the newspaper on Sundays?
I dont like the smell of fish.
I am talking to you now.
Is John visiting the library right now?
Determiners and Quantifiers
How do you say in
English ...?
un, uno, una, algo
de...
poco, pocos, pocas
mucho, mucha,
muchos, muchas
cunto, cuntos
dmasiado / os
tantos, tantas

Uncountable nouns (singular)

Countable nouns (plural)

a, an un, una, uno

some, any unos/as, algunos/as
little, a little poco, un poco
few, a few pocos, unos pocos
a lot of mucho, mucha, muchos, muchas
(not) much (no) mucho, mucha (not) many (no) muchos, muchas
how much? - cunto
how many? cuntos
too much demasiado
too many demasiados
so much - tanto
so many - tantos
some, any algo de...

I havent got any money with me.

How much homework have you got?
I want some water to drink, please.
Take a few apples with you.
Sara has not got too many friends.
We all need a lot of time to finish this.

CHALLENGE, 3rd ESO Unit 2 Family Ties

father / mother
husband / wife
brother / sister
cousin / cousin
grandfather / grandmother
father-in-law / mother-in-law

son / daughter
uncle / aunt
nephew / niece
grandson / granddaughter
son-in-law / daughter-in-law

WORD BUILDING
Noun suffixes - -tion; -ment; -ity; -ness
FROM VERBS:
to adopt (adoptar)
to excite (estimular)
to create (crear)
to suggest (sugerir)
to develop (desarrollar)
to argue (discutir)
to advertise (anunciar)
to relate (relacionar)
to enjoy (disfrutar)
to decorate (decorar)

adoption
excitement
creativity
sugestion
development
argument
advertisement
relation
enjoyment
decoration

FROM ADJECTIVES:
happy (feliz)
popular (popular)
sad (triste)
personal (personal)
responsible (responsable)

happiness
popularity
sadness
personality
responsibility

GRAMMAR: PAST SIMPLE / PAST CONTINUOUS

I was having dinner when the doorbell rang.
When Sarah entered the room, Vera was talking about her.
We were not sitting on the beach when we saw Julie.
While Tom was swimming in the sea, Sue was eating ice cream..
We did not leave while Judy was sleeping.
Jack and Nick were studying when I phoned them last night.

CHALLENGE, 3rd ESO Unit 3 Animal Lovers

eagle guila
rhino / rhinoceros rinoceronte
cow vaca
tiger tigre
elephant elefante

snake - serpiente
bear oso
bull toro
tigress tigresa
lion len

Animal features
horns cuernos
feathers plumas
wild / savage salvaje
tame / docile dcil
obedient obediente

trunk trompa
stripes rayas
fierce / ferocious feroz
gentle gentil, amable
domestic domstico

Gerunds
I enjoy listening to music.
My brother cant stand dancing to loud music.
Walking is good for you.
After finishing their homework, they thought about it.
Dialogue - Making plans
Pete: Would you like to go to the zoo next Saturday?
Mary: Sorry, but I dont like zoos.
P: How about taking a walk in the park?
M: Thats a great idea, but the park is closed for the weekend.
P: Why dont we throw a surprise party?
M: Well, we dont have anywhere to do it.
P: Lets invite our friends to the cinema.
M: They really hate the movies.
P: Shall we play tennis then?
M: Fantastic, but...
P: Oh, forget it!!!

VOCAB. CHALLENGE 3rd ESO UNIT 4 Charity

celebrity fama
volunteer voluntario
sponsor patrocinador
charity caridad, organizacin de caridad
medical research investigacin mdica
to perform actuar (en un espectculo)

participant participante
fashion fad moda pasajera
entertainment mundo del espectculo
bicycle /cycle - bicicleta
trek sendero, senderismo

deaf sordo
blind ciego
expenses gastos
to get fit ponerse en forma
to raise money obtener/conseguir dinero

dumb mudo
handicapped minusvlido
committed comprometido (con una causa)
stunning sorprendente, impresionante

to water regar
to plant plantar

to plan planear
to design disear
GRAMMAR UNIT 4: Present Perfect

I havent spoken to that person before.

Have you seen the great wall of China?
This girl has lived next door for two years.
Grammar Unit 4: TIME EXPRESSIONS for Present Perfect
since desde
already ya
yet todava, ya
never nunca
lately ltimamente

for durante
just acaba de...
ever alguna vez
recently recientemente

I havent seen her since her birthday.

My parents have worked there for a long time.
Jane`s friends have just arrived.
Henry and his family havent had dinner yet.
Has Bob ever spoken to Karen since their argument?
The teacher of English has already been to Canada twice.
Robert has never played basketball in his entire life.
Grammar Unit 4: Present Perfet vs. Simple Past

He lived in London for six years

He has lived in London for six years.

CHALLENGE, 3rd ESO Unit 5 Superheroes

villain el malo
handsome guapo, atractivo
courageous valiente
mad loco, enfadado
wicked malvado (adjective)

hero el hroe
coward cobarde
brave -valiente
powerful poderoso
honest sincero, honesto

to fight luchar
to protect proteger
to save salvar

to defeat derrotar
to rescue rescatar
to kill matar

Grammar 5: -ing, -ed adjectives

interested interesado
amazed sorprendido
confused (estar) confuso
pleased complacido
worried preocupado
relaxed relajado
tired (estar )cansado

interesting - interesante
amazing sorprendente
confusing (ser) confuso
pleasing complaciente
worrying preocupante
relaxing relajante
tiring (ser) cansado

COMPARATIVE / SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES

tan ... como

ms ... que

el ms ...

as as
Short adjectives
.er than
Long adjectives
more than
Short adjectives
The ---est
Long adjectives
The most

My father is as intelligent as yours

Hamilton is faster than Alonso
Naomi Watts is not more beautiful than Halle Berry
Newton has been the smartest scientist in history.
Reading is the most rewarding activity for all people.

too rich demasiado rico

too much money demasiado dinero
too many books demasiados libros

rich enough suficientemente rico

enough money suficiente dinero
enough books suficientes libros

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
People
Things
- BODY - ONE
- THING
SOME
ANY
(Inter.- negat)

NO
EVERY

somebody someone
(alguien)
Anybody
anyone
(alguien - nadie)
Nobody
none
(nadie)
Everybody everyone
(todos)

Something
(algo)
Anything
(algo nada)
Nothing
(nada)
Everything
(todo)

Places
- WHERE
Somewhere
(algn sitio)
Anywhere
(algn/ningn sitio)
Nowhere
(ningn sitio)
Everywhere
(todos los sitios)

CHALLENGE, 3rd ESO Unit 6 Luck

thrilled entusiasmado
pleased satisfecho, contento
satisfied satisfecho
hopeful esperanzado

disappointed defraudado
disillusioned desilusionado
miserable desgraciado, abatido
despondent desesperado, abatido

to believe creer
to bet apostar
to hope esperar
to dream soar
to purchase adquirir, comprar

to win ganar
to lose jugar
to imagine imaginar
to predict predecir
to pick elegir, seleccionar

Grammar unit 6 antonyms

to win ganar
big grande
majority mayora
to give dar
relaxed relajado
to buy comprar
few pocos

to lose perder
small pequeo
minority - minora
to take coger, tomar
nervous - nervioso
to sell vender
many muchos

Grammar unit 6 The Future

Someone will win the lottery next week.
John and Mark wont be in the football team.

We are going to travel to Germany this summer.

Paul is going to meet us after school.

My father is making dinner later.

They are picking the numbers tomorrow.
Grammar unit 7.- Time Clauses
before antes, antes de
Afterwards, despus,
as soon as en cuanto... tan pronto como
until hasta
once... una vez que...
when cuando

after despus de...

After that, - Despus de eso,
by the time... para cuando...
till hasta
later, ms tarde,
whenever... cada vez que...

CHALLENGE, 3rd ESO Unit 7 Food power

olive oil aceite de oliva
bread pan
cheese queso
potatoes patatas
milk leche
eggs huevos
chicken pollo

butter mantequilla
asparagus esprragos
yoghurt yogur
peanut butter mantequilla de cacahuete
broccoli brocoli
spinach espinacas
rice arroz

Collocations MAKE / DO
make trouble crear problemas
make the bed hacer la cama
make a mistake cometer un error

make a film hacer/rodar una pelcula

make money ganar dinero
make dinner hacer la cena

do homework hacer los deberes

do (me) a favour hacer(me) un favor
do a job hacer un trabajo

do the dishes lavar los platos

do the right thing hacer lo correcto
do the shopping hacer la compra

Grammar unit 7 - CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

If si (condicional)
unless a no ser que...
Zero
conditional
First
conditional
Second
conditional
Third
conditional

If you study, you pass

If you study, you will pass
If you studied, you would pass
If you had studied,
you would have passed

If you wear the sweater, you will be hot

He will come to the party if she invites him
If you wake up late, you get to class late.
Janice wont agree, unless you talk to her first.
Grammar unit 7.- Time Clauses
before antes, antes de
Afterwards, despus,
as soon as en cuanto... tan pronto como
until hasta
once... una vez que...
when cuando

after despus de...

After that, - Despus de eso,
by the time... para cuando...
till hasta
later, ms tarde,
whenever... cada vez que...

CHALLENGE, 3rd ESO Unit 8 Tsunami

Vocabulary 8 - Natural disasters and Geographical Features
tide marea
beach playa
tsunami ola gigante
seaside resort centro turstico en la costa
ground suelo, terreno
wave ola
harbour Puerto
hurricane huracn
coastal area zona costera
earthquake terremoto
to rush darse prisa, correr
to die morir
proud orgulloso

quite / quiet
work / job
wear / where
all / whole
hard / hardly
their / there

to prevent prevenir, evitar

death muerte
knowledge conocimiento

Vocabulary 8 Easily confused words

quite bastante
quiet tranquilo, callado, silencioso
work trabajo, actividad
job trabajo concreto, profesional
where - dnde?
to wear vestir, llevar puesto
all todo, todos
whole todo, completo
hard duro, difcil
hardly casi no, casi nadie
there all
their su (de ellos, posesivo)
Grammar 8 Modal-auxiliary verbs

Verb
BE

Meaning
ser, estar

HAVE
DO (did)

tener, haber
hacer

WILL
WOULD
SHALL
Should
debera
CAN could poder (potencia, habilidad)
MAY - might puede que (posibilidad,
permiso)
MUST
deber (obligacin)
OUGHT TO debera
NEED
necesitar

Function
passive, continuous
tenses
perfect tenses
interrog / negative
simple present/past
future tenses
condicional tenses
future tenses

You shouldnt colour your hair. I like it the way it is.

It is 1 oclock! I must go home now.
Frank could run 10 kilometres when he was younger
She cant do her homework here. There is too much noise.
We dont have to watch the film. We can watch TV.

Alternative

be able to
be allowed to
have to

CHALLENGE, 3rd ESO Unit 9 -Dragons and Kings

Vocabulary 9 Role-playing games
knight caballero, guerrero
fantasy fantasa
tournament torneo
magic magia, mgico, mgica
armour armadura
sword espada
a fight una lucha, una pelea
a story una historia

warrior guerrero
legend leyenda
battle batalla
dragon dragn
wizard mago
imagination imaginacin
a competition una competicin
a soldier un soldado

wise sabio
desire deseo, desear
dice dados

to collapse derrumbarse
based on basado en
to dominate dominar

Vocabulary 9 word-building Negative prefixes: im-, dis-,un-

possible / impossible
popular / impopular
to approve / to disapprove
respectful / disrespectful
obedient / disobedient
personal / impersonal
similar / disimilar

to like / to dislike
perfect / imperfect
friendly / unfriendly
comfortable / uncomfortable
succesful / unsuccessful
patient / impatient

Grammar 9 The Passive Voice

We play the game on a board.
The game is played on a board by us.

Prizes are given every year.

Cakes are served every afternoon.
The dog is fed in the morning.
I am paid six euros an hour.
The news is shown on TV every night.

Put the tokens on square 1.

Throw the dice.
Move the token according to the number on the dice.

CHALLENGE, 3rd ESO - 10 Communication and Culture

Vocabulary 10 Body language
to wink guiar el ojo
to nod asentir con la cabeza
to touch tocar
to shake agitar
milkshake batido (con leche)

to smile sonrer
to sign hacer signos
to hug abrazarse
to shake hands darse la mano
a handshake apretn de manos

thumb pulgar
middle finger dedo corazn
little finger meique
lips labios
head cabeza

index finger ndice

ring finger anular
toes dedos de los pies
eyes ojos
arms brazos

Vocabulary 10 - UK/USA English

UK
underground
flat
petrol
film
autumn
queue
rubbish
curtains
crisps
jumper

USA
subway
apartment
gas
movie
fall
line
trash
drapes
chips
sweater

metro, tren metropolitano subterrneo

apartamento
gasolina
pelcula de cine
otoo
fila, hacer cola
basura
cortinas
patatas fritas (planas, de bolsa)
jersey

Grammar 10 Adverbs ly
slow /slowly
fluent / fluently

quick / quickly
loud / loudly

angry / angrily

easy /easily

beautiful / beautifully

careful / carefully

good / well
hard / hard

fast / fast

Grammar 10 - Comparative form of Adverbs

more than

Dave spoke more politely than John.

less than

Mary travels less often than her brother.

as as

She sits as quietly as a mouse.