Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
qxp
14/07/2008
16:32
Page 1
^=`=a
=`
Edition 3
JULY 2008
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 1
^slfafkd=`ljjlk=abcb`qp=fk=`lkpqor`qflk
q==~==~==~==I==~
=~~========I=~=~=~=
=~=~=~=====K
q==~===~=~~======
=E~==F==~~======
~==~~=~K
q==~====~=~=W
z
a===~=====~==~
==~=========K
_===~=~===~=K
_==~==~K
t=====K
fjmloq^kq
t==~~==~I=~====
==~==~~==I=~I====
=~I=~==~=====
K=b=~=~~==~=I=~=~=
=~=~=~I=~~=~=K
f=~=~~=~L~~===~=~W
p=_I=
q~=p=a=
MTUMP=OSO=MMV
14/07/2008
`lkqbkqp
Sections
16:31
Page 2
Page
DRAINAGE
REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL STEELWORK
NO
FIRE PROTECTION
NR
GROUTING/DRYPACK
NT
NU
BRICKWORK
OM
WATERPROOFING/WATERTIGHT
OQ
10
OS
11
METAL ROOFING
OU
12
CURTAIN WALLING
PP
13
PLASTERING
PS
14
PT
15
SCREED - CEMENT/SAND
PV
16
QN
17
FLOOR FINISHES
QO
18
INTERNAL RENDER
19
EXTERNAL RENDER
QR
20
WALL TILING
QT
21
SUSPENDED CEILINGS
QV
22
RN
23
RP
24
CARPENTRY/JOINERY
RQ
25
ROADS/HARDSTANDINGS - CONCRETE
RS
26
ROADS/HARDSTANDINGS - MACADAM
RU
27
TEMPORARY WORKS
BUILDING SERVICES
2
SM
ab^iq=tfqe=
fk=pbmb^o^qb _llhibq
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 3
N=mfifkd=E_lobaI=`c^=^ka=pebbqF
q====~===~I=~=
=~==~=~==a=m
z
f===~=~~===\
t======\
t~===~==\==e~====~\
f=====~==~LL=
\=`~======~===
===`c^=I========
I=~=~=~~==~~=~K
e~====~==q=`~=~=E=~=
==F===~===~\
^==~=~=~==~=~====~L=
==`~=b=pK
c===~=~I=~=====
=J=~=====
~~\
e~=~==~=~=====~===
==I==~=\
e~===~=====~=~~=
=~~==~\
f========~=~===\
t=======\=e=~===
\=`~========~====
\
b=~======L~~K
l~====~=~K==`~==~=
I=~~====K
b==~===~K
_=~~====~=~=~=~=~=E~==
==F==~==~K==b=I=~=~==~=
K
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 4
N=mfifkd=E_lobaI=`c^=^ka=pebbqF=J=`lkqfkrba
z
p=~==D=D====QU=K
a====~=J=I===I
~I=\
b~===~===~=~=
~~===K==k=====~==
==~===~=I==~=~J~===
~=~===~K
l~====~=~=K
b===~=====~~K
`~=~====~==~~==~=
~====~=~\
f==~==I=~=~==~==
=~==~=~=~~K
f===EL=F=L~\==aL_=
`K
^===\==f==~=~==~===~
=I=====~=\==E`=
~===I=====~~=~=
~=FK
_=~=~====K
a==~=~=~~==~====\
q~=~=~==~==J====~=~K==
d~====~=~==~===\=^=
=====K
e~==Db=D==~======
=\==q====I===
~===~==~K
e~=~==~==~==~~\
^===~===~=~=\
e~=====~==~=K
a========~=~==
=K=_=~==~==~=~=~~==
=~=~=~K
4
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 5
N=mfifkd=E_lobaI=`c^=^ka=pebbqF=J=`lkqfkrba
z
f==~=~===~======
==~~=~~=~K
e~==~====~\=m~~=
~=========~=~
=~======~K
t~=~====~=\=q=====
~~===~=K=f====~=====
========~=\
f===~~\=t====~===
~\
f=====~=~\=a=====
===b=^\
a===~=~=~=====
==~==\=q==~=~~===
==~=K=
f==~=======~=~~=
====\====
f====~==~=\=f====
====~~=K====
p=m
z
p===J=====I=~===
~K
j====~~=~=~~==~=
~~=I=~=~====~K=t=
======~==~==~
E`bpFK
b=~==~======~====
==~X=~========~=
~==~~=~>==o~=======
=~=======I==~=~=~==
===K
b=~===I==~==~=~=K=
5
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 6
N=mfifkd=E_lobaI=`c^=^ka=pebbqF=J=`lkqfkrba
z
a=~~=======~==
\=
a=~=~=~======~===
~==~=\=c=~=====~==
=~====K
b=~=~=~~======~=
~===I==~====~=
~=~I==~=~~===~=
K
_=~~=~=i~==~=====K=b=
~======~=K=`~=
======c~===~===
K
f=~=~===~====~
==~=~==~==~~K==q=
===~======~~=
=~==~====~=~~===~=
==K==
t=====~==~=~=
~=~=~=K=
b=~==~=====~=~====~=~
~~K=
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 7
O=ao^fk^db
z
_=~~===~====`L_
`L^=^K
`====~=~===~K
a==~===~=~===~=======
o`==~K==m=~====~=~I==J=
==K
e~=~===~~==\
f=~==\
e~=~=`=`~==`bp==\
^=~~=~~===~====~~\
b=~L~===~~=~=K
f==~=====\
f===~~===~==E~F==
=~=~\
f===~\
`~=====~\=^===~==~====
~===~\
b=======~K
^=~=~=~=====~=~=
~\
q~==~==~=~===~==
~~==I=~==~=~==K
^==~=~=~==~~D=
~\
^==~=~==~=~\=f=I=K=q=
=K
_=~~=~=~===~==~K==^==
~=~LK
b=~~=====~=~~==
~=~===K
_=~~==~==~===L~=
~==~==~=====~====~=
=~=~==~==~K
7
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 8
O=ao^fk^db=J=`lkqfkrba
z
`=======~====K
`==i~Lt~=^=~=~=~==
~K
b==~==~=~K
b=~===~=~=~~==K==^==
==~===~=~==K
b=~===~==~===~K
`=~===~I=~=~=~K
`~===E~L~F==~=~=~K
b=~=~=I=~=~==~==~=~=
==K
_~==~=~=J==~=~=~==~~K
a====~==~~=K=r==~==
====K=f=~=======
======~=~==~==~~=
=====~K
`===~=~==~K==b=
~==~==~=J==~I=I=~=~=
~I=~JI===~~K
^===~=~===~===~=
L~=C=~~=K
f=~=~==~=~====~I=
========~\=f==~=~=
=======~===J===
=~~==~=~=K
m==~=I=~=====~===~==
~=~=~=~~====~=~===~=
=~K=q=~===~==~==
~==~=~=~~=K=q===~=
=~=~===~=~==~==
~K=
t==~=~~===~======
===~==K=f~=====
==~==~=~==K
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 9
P=obfkclo`ba=`lk`obqb
z
b=~==~=~==K
e~=====~=~==~=
=~=\
f===\==f=I=~=K
^~===~==I=~=~=~=~=
K
b=~=~===~=~==~K
`=~===K
f====~===~=~~I====
=\==`=~~~==~===K
^===~=======~K==^=
~==~=P===~=~=I====
==m=p~==~K
a==L~==~~=~~=~=~=
==~=====~\
e~=~==========
~\==
e~=~~=~L~==~====~\
`==~L==~===~=~=
======~==~===K
`=~====~=~=`^obp=~==~=
======~=~===
=K
b=~=~~=~=~=~~==~~~==
==K
`==~=====~==~==
K==j===~=~====I=KK==
~K
a====~=K
_~==J~~==~=~===~==~
~==~=K
`====~==K==`=~=~=
~I=====kp`p=~=~=~===
~~==~~K
9
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 10
P=obfkclo`ba=`lk`obqb=J=`lkqfkrba
z
b=~=J===~====I=
~I==I=~L~=~==~~=E==
=I=~======~=FK==
m~~=~===~===~===
===~=~=~==I=~=I=~=~=
~=K
g=~~=E~=J=e^sp==J==~=~~F==
=~=~===~====~=
==~===K==f====~===
E====NRJOMFK==^=~L==
====I=~=~~==I==
~==K
e~=~=====~~====
\
b=~===~==~~=K==k=
~=====~~==I====
K
t==~======~=
~=~=~=~==~==~==~===
===~I===~=~===
=====~===~==
==K==E^==~===~=~=
==~FK
b~=~=~~=~====K==f===
==~=~===K
t====~I=====
~I==~=~==~==~K==t=~=
==I=~~====~=~=~=
===~==~==K
t=I==~====~=~===
=I=I=~I=~=~=I=~I=
=~==~===~~K==p===
~===QU=K
^=~=====~====~=
~==~==~=~~=~=~K
10
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 11
P=obfkclo`ba=`lk`obqb=J=`lkqfkrba
z
^======~===~=
~=K==`~==~=~===~J
~=~K
t=I=======
~I===T=~==~=~=~===
=E=R=~===~FK==q~=~=~==J
~==~K=
`~J==Ee~=~=F=J=~=======
=\
`~====~=~=J====~=
~~=~=~==I=~===K
^=====~=~=\
e~=~==~==~==~~\
_=~~====~=~====L==
=~=J=~~=~==~=~=K
b=~==~=~==~==K
o`=p=m=
z
m=====_p=UMMTK==q==~==~=
~=~======~==~=~=
=~K
m=~=====~=~======
~~==_p=UMMT=~==~=K
b=~~====~===~====
~K
f=~=======~===_p=UNNMI=
=~=====~====~=~~=
==~==~=~====~==~==~K
o=====~=~======
~K
`~===~===~====
~=~===~=~=~K
e=~~=====~=~===~=
~===~=~K==m~~=~=~~==
==~~==~~D=K
11
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 12
Q=pqor`qro^i=pqbbitloh
z
b==~=~====~~I=~=K
^=~======~=~====
K=f=~==========o=
n=~=q===q~=p=a===
~=~=~~===K
^==~=~===\
t=====~=~==\==^=
epcd=Ee=p=c=dF==\
f===j=p~I=====
I=~=======~=====
epcd=K
f=~=~==~====\==a==
=~====~==~===\==t==
==~=~\==p=~=~=~=
=K
e~=~==~===~==~=
~\
p==~L~==~==~==
==\==p=====
~==\
e~=~=~==~==L=\
t=====\=^==~=~~~=
=====~~=K=^==~~=
~==~=~~\=^=====\=e~=
========~======
~=P=~=~===~=~==~=~==~
==~=~~===K
e~===~=~======\
b====~==~==~I==
=~=~=I=~==I===K
d=~===~==~==~=K
p=L=====~====
=QU=K
12
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 13
Q=pqor`qro^i=pqbbitloh=J=`lkqfkrba
z
s=D==J==D=~L=
=~=~~I=~=~==~~K==f==
==~=~=\
e~=~=f=~=q=~I==~~==I==
==~==~=~~=~\
e~=====~==~=~~=~==
\
^====~=~~~==~~\==f=I=
===~==\=
f==~=~=~=~=I=~==~=~
=I=~==I==~=I~==
~=~====~=~=~=~=~==~=
==~=~K
a===~=~===~I=~=I=
K\
^=~=~=~=J==~I=~=I=
~I=~=I===K\
^======~=E==~=~FI=
~==~K
f====~=~===J=I=~~=
\
b===~=~=~===
~~==~=~I=~==~K
b=~=~==~===~===
=~==~=K
e~=~==~==~===~=~\=
e~==~~==\==b===~==
~=I==~==I=~==~==~=
==JK
k====~==~K==r=~==K
b====~=~===K==f=~
=J==I===~==\
k===K
13
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 14
Q=pqor`qro^i=pqbbitloh=J=`lkqfkrba
z
b===~==~~==K==e~=
=~==~==~=~=~~==
~==`bp\
^===\
e~=~=`bp=`=`~==~\
`~===~=~=~~=~===~==
====~==K
`~=~=~=====~=~=
=~=~==~=W=KK=`~I=i=~=
p~I=^~I=p=~K
f=~=~=======~=~===
=====~=K
t========~=~\
t=======~=~=~=
~=~======~==
~~\
14
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 15
R=cfob=molqb`qflk
z
^======~=\
b=~==~==~=======
~=~==~===~=====K
f=~=~J======I=~=~=
L===~==j=C=b=K
`~==~==~=======
\==f==~\==f=~=~=\
f===~======~I==~=
~=~=====E=FK
`=~===~====~===
=K
b=~==~=~==~~==
~I=~=~=~==K
l==~=~=E~=~==~F==~=
====~=====~I=====
=~=~=J==~~K
^==I==~==~==
====~==K
b====~==~====
=~~===~K==tL==K
e~====~==~=~=~\==
m~==~=OM=~=~=~=~=~==K=
p~==c=~===~==a=q~=~=_=
`I=~==~=~=~===K
e~====~==~=~~==~=\
m~==~=OM=~K=p~==c=~===
~==a=q~=~=_=`I=~==~=
~=~===K
b=~===~==~==~=~=
=K==_~=~==~K
b=~=~=~==~=~===~K
15
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 16
R=cfob=molqb`qflk=J=`lkqfkrba
z
`=~=~=~=======~==
~~K==g==~====K
`~=====~==I=====~\
f====~=~~~==~==I==
=~\==^==~==~==~=~~=~=
\==f=I====~=~=~==~=
=K
`===~==~==K
e~=~=~=~===~===~\==f==
~~=~\
b=~=====~==~K
f==~~===~\
^==~=L\
^===~===~=\
`=~=====~K
^==~===~=~===
=~~K
^==~===~=~====
=~~==~K
b==~===~====~=~=
J~=K
p=oW=a======~======~=
~=~\==o==~==~K
fjmloq^kq
f===~=~===~=I==~~==I=
==~K
16
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 17
S=dolrqfkdLaovm^`h
z
e~===~==I==~=~\
b==E=F=~===~=~=~==
K
j=~==~~==~~D=~K
b=======K
r=~=~=L==~=L~=K
f=======~=~\
b=~~D=~====K
d=~=~====~==O===~=
=====K==b=~==JK
f==~====E~=RMF\
a~==~=NWO==NWP=L~=~K
b=~====D~D=K
a~==~==~=E=~==F==
~==~==K==`=~==J=
~K
b=~=~=~===~=~=QU=E~=TOF===
=~=~K==ErI=FK
f=~=~=~====I=~===
~===~=~I===~==K
17
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 18
T=mobJ`^pq=mi^khp=J=jbq^i=ab`hfkd
k_ ^=~=~=~==~=~=~==~=
`~=^=~==~==~=`=`~=
`~=b=pK
z
e~=====~\
t~=======~\==`=~===
~======~=~==K
_=~~=~=J~=~=~=~=~=~===
K=q=~=~=~=~~=====
==~==K=`=====
~=~=~=~===~==~K=q=
===~====~===~=~=
===K
t~=~===~L~=~\=a==~==
====~====\
t=~=~==~I==~L===
~========K
b==~=~=~=~=~=~==~=
~=~==~==~=~K
^=~=~~==~==K
t~=~=~=~==~=====\
f==~===~=\
^======~==~=~I=
KK=~==I=\
b=~======~=~==
I=~=~=========~K
b=~=~=~=====I===~=
==~===K
t~==~==~L======
=~\
e==~==~=====\
18
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 19
T=mobJ`^pq=mi^khp=J=jbq^i=ab`hfkd=J=`lkqfkrba
j~=a
z
`=~==~==~~=~~D=~==
~~=K==b=~====~=K
^===~=~==J==~I=~I=\
f=~~==\
t~=====\
`=~====K==d~=~==
=E~====~FK==f=I==~=
K
f==~===~=====\
^===~~=====K=
eI====~=====
====~==~==~=~K=f==~=
~~======~====
=~==K=q=~=~==K
f=~=====~=\
e~==~=~==L==\
e~=`bp=`=`~==~\
e~====~==~~=~==~=~=
~=\
f=~~======~=
~K
_=~~==~======L=~=~==
==~~=~====I===
~~K=p~=~=~====~===
=K
`=~=~===~=~===~=
=~=~=====E~==
===~==~FK
19
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 20
U=_of`htloh
z
b=~==~=~==L=~==
~K==j~===~===~=L=
K==`===~~K
_~=~=~==~===~K==
q=~===I=~==~==
~K
`==~==~==~===E=
~==FK
^=====~=NQ==J=~~=~K
e~====~==DD=\
_~=~==~==~==~=K==p=~K
f=~==I=~=~====~=ELFK=
m======K
q~=~==~==J=~===~=
~K
am`Lq~===~==~=======~==
Q==~========~==~=
~====~===~K
am`Lq~====LK=_=am`===
==K
p=====~=am`=~=====
~K
p~==~=~=~=====~==
=K
am`=~=~=~==~======
=~===OOR=~====I===~=
=K
s~=am`========K=^=
~===~=~=NMM=====K
s~=am`===~===am`=~=~=~==~=
~=====am`=~=~=~=======
~J=~K
20
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 21
U=_of`htloh=J=`lkqfkrba
z
t==~=~=~=VMM=~K==q====
=~=====K
q====RM=K=a===~=~=
~K==q=~==~==~=~=TR=
^=====~=\
b==~===~=I==~=L~K
q=~=~L==~=OOR=I=~I=~=
=OOR==K
q=~===PMM==~===~=~
~=QRM=~=K
q=~=~==~=~=~==OOR====
==~K
f=~===~=~==I====~=
~=====K
`=====~K=d~===SMM=
~====~===P===~K
a=====K=m=~===~==K=
t======~===~=~==I
=~==K
c=~~=~=I===~=I=~=~==~==
==~K
c==~=I===~=I=~===~===
=~===~K==i~==~====
~K
b=~=~=~=~=OOR=====~=
=K
^=~=~=~=====~=~=~=
~====~K
^=~=~===~====~K=e~=~=
=====~==~=~K=q~==
K
b==~===~===~====K
a====~===K=o~=~==
~=K
21
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 22
U=_of`htloh=J=`lkqfkrba
z
b=====~====~K
b=====~==K
^====~========
===~=~===~==~K
^=======~=~====~
===~=~=~K
f=~===~==~==~=~=~=~==
~I==~===~=K=Eq===~~=
===~~=====J=~=~=am`=~=
~======K
t=I=~~=========
~==~~K=l~=DD=D=~=~=~==
K=t=~===~======~=
=I=~=~=====K
^===~====~===~==
K==_~==~=====~==
K=b=~==========
NMK=b=~=======~=~=
====PMM===K=^==~====
~~==~===~K
b=~===~=~===
==I==~~=====K
p=~======~==~=
~====~=~==~=K
^=========~=K
^=======K
m====~==~==~K
b====~==~==~=~K
b~=~======~=E~=NKRF==~=
======~=~=~=~~=~K
q==~===~==~I=~=~=
~==~===~~=K
b=~=~===K
22
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 23
U=_of`htloh=J=`lkqfkrba
z
b=~=====~==~K
`=~===K
f=~=~=======~===~=
==~===~======I=
~=~=~==amj===~~K
q====~=====~=~=~=~==
~K=^==~==~===~=~==~=
====~=T==OR==~I=======
=~K=q=T=~=======
====~=~=~=K=q==~==
===~=~=~==~===~=
==am`=~K
^=========~===~=
~=OR===========
=~==~====~=OOR=~==K
j~=~=~==~===~=~==~=~=
~=~=~==~K==q~=====~~
~======~K
p~=~===~=~~=~=~==
~I=~=L==~L=
~=K
`~=_=~=~=~==J=~=~I==
=~==~===~=~====~=~
=~K
q===~==~==~====K=
q=~=~WJ
t~=a=E~=~~F
MTTMO=SPSOOS
j~=e=EF
MTTMO=SPSOSO
m~=t~=EF
MTVTN=PVVRMM
23
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 24
V=t^qbomollcfkdLt^qboqfdeq=`lkpqor`qflk
z
_~==~===J===~===>=
^==~~K
e~====~==L\
t~=~==~==SJU==~===
K
l===I=~=======
~~K==m~~===NMMB=~====
K
q~=~===~~=~~===L~=
K
e=~~==~==~==~=~I==
~==~===~=======
~===~~D=~K==q===
===~==~K
t=~====E=NRMF\==j===
~K
d=~==~==~=K==^==
=~==~~=K
b=====~==~===
~K==q==~I=~=~======
~=~=~I===~=K
`====~=~==~=
~=K==f~=~=====~=
~K
d===~K
p====K==a~==~==
K
b=~~==~==~====~=
==K==`=~==K
b=~====~=~=~=K
a==~====~=\==e~==
~==\==^=~=~=~~\==a==
~=~=~==~=~==~==K
24
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 25
V=t^qbomollcfkdLt^qboqfdeq=`lkqfkrba
z
_==~=====~~I=E=
=~===~FI===~=~===
==~====K==_~=~==K
t~===~====~==~=
~==K
a===~=~~I===I===
K
i=~=~=J==~~I=I=
~=~I==~I=I=K=~=~=~K
o`=p=m
z
m=====_p=UMMTK==q==~==~=
~=~======~==~=~=
=~K
m=~=====~=~======
~~==_p=UMMT=~==~=K
b=~~====~===~====
~K
f=~=======~===_p=UNNMI=
=~=====~====~=~~=
==~==~=~====~==~==~K
o=====~=~======
~K
`~===~===~====
~=~===~=~=~K
e=~~=====~=~===~=
~===~=~K==m~~=~=~~==
==~~==~~D=K
fjmloq^kq
t~=====~=~==~====K==
b=~=~==~=~=~I=~~=~=K
25
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 26
NM=ci^q=ollcp=J=^pme^iqLpfkdib=miv
z
f=~=~===J==~=~\
`==~====_=p~~K=
_~===~=~====K
b=~=~=~=~==~==~I=
=~==~K==m~=~~=~=~=~=
~K
b==~=~=~=~======
~K
^=~~=~==~=~=~=~==~\
`=~=~=~===NRl=~==K
`~=====~====~K
`=~~=~=~=~==J=====
L~L~LK
m======~K
`=~=====K
^~
z
f=~~==~==I===~==~==~
=~=~==~=====K==f====
=~===~=~==~~=~=~K=T=~==
==K
m~=~~=~=~==K
b=~=~~===~~=~==L~I=
====~I=~====DD==
=~=~==~==~=L~==~=~=
p_o=~K
q=~~==~==~=L~=~==~==
~===~=~K==_====~=L~=
==~=~==~==~K
_~=~=~~===~=J=D~=D==K
b=~==~==~L=~=~==
=K
26
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 27
NM=ci^q=ollcp=J=^pme^iqLpfkdib=miv=J=`lkqfkrba
p=m
z
e=====~~===~L~=
~\==b=~==~==~==~=~=~=
=~===K
q===~=~~=~==~====K
f=~~=~=~I==~====
K
l====~~=~==DD===~==
=====~K==f=~=~=====
===~==~=~=~~=~==
??====~=====~==
~~K=`=~==~=~~=K
f=I=~===~==~=~K==f=I==
~~==~===~=~=K==b==
~=~=~=~~=~==~==~=~=~=~=
=~=~K
b=L=I==`bp=`=`~K
^==========K
m~==~=====~~==j=~=b=
~~===~==~===~~=E~I=
I=I=~~I=FK
f=~=~=======~===~==
==~======I=~=~=~=
=amj===~~K
q====~=====~=~=~=~==
~K
f=~====~=~~====
=~===~==~==~===~=
~=~~=~======
==~==~==~=~===
~=~===~K=q==~===~
=======~=~==
~===K
27
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 28
NN=jbq^i=ollcfkd=
a=mJ~~
z
f==~~====~=NKN=I==~=
=~=====J=~=I==~K
o=L====~=~==~=~
=====K
a=====~=~==~=I===
I==~=~=~=~~===~=~=~=
~K=Eo===J==MKT===~====
~FK
p=~~=~=I=~==~=~==
=~====~===~===~K
m
z
b======~=====~WJ
r=J=~====K=
b===~====~K
m==~=K
m==~~===~=K
m==~~==~=~~K
m===~=~=~K
m==~=~K
m==K
m==~=J~~=K
m==~=~=JK
b==~=~==I=J=p=
a=j~~=m~I=p=QI=pNUK
m==~~=L=~~K
m==~=K=
q=EKK=~I=~I=~FK
`~==~=~~I==pI=I=
~=I==K
28
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 29
NN=jbq^i=ollcfkd=J=`lkqfkrba
m~=L===K
m===K
e~=~K
^~=E=~====~FK
f=~==~==J=K
b===~=K=^=J~===
~===`K
a=E=p~=`~F
z
b==~=~==~=~=I=
=~=~~=~===~=~=
==~~===~=~=~K
b===~==~=I=~=~=
~==~~=~=~=K
b==~====~=~=~==
====~L~=K
b====~==~===~=~=
~==J=~~I=~~I===IK
d===~==
j=RRM==~=~K
j=PMM==~=~~=~=~=~K
p~====~K
t==~=~==~====
~~===~=~==~=K
b===~=~==~====
==~==~~K
b==~~=~=====J==
~I==I=I=I=K=
t==I=
q~=~K
^=~K
29
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 30
NN=jbq^i=ollcfkd=J=`lkqfkrba
^JK
p=K
f~=~K
_obb^j=~K
_~=K
^==~~D=~K
c=J=I=I==K
`~=J=I=I==K
`~=~=~===K
q==~K
p=j~~
z
_=~===L~==~I=
_~===I=~==~=~===
=K
^==~==~===~K
^===E=~I=~I=I=I=~~
F=====~=~~====
======~~K
b==`~==~~=~=====
~=~====~~=I=~===
=~====j~~D=f~~=dK
m==~==~=~=====I=~=
==~=~=~==~==~K==t=
==~=~K
f=I=~=~===~==~==
~~======K
f==~~====~=NKN=~==~~===
K=b=====~~====~=
=I=~===I======
~~=~=======~=K
30
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 31
NN=jbq^i=ollcfkd=J=`lkqfkrba
z
b==~~=~=====~=~=
==~==~====~===
K
b==`~==~~=~=====
~=~====~~=I=~===
=~====j~~D=f~~=dK
b=~=~~=~==~==~=I=
J~I==~=~===~~=====
~~==~~D=~K
b==~==~=~=~=~=~=
===KK===~~K
b=~=~~===~===~=~=
=~=K
f==~===~=====\
`=~=======
=~==~====~=~=~~==
~~===K
b=~==~=~=~~~==~=~=
K==a==~=~==~==~==K
p~====~==~=~=~~===~=
====~==~~K==m=====
=~I=~==~==~=~K
b=~==~=~==~~====
~K=
b=~==~~=======~~=
===~==~=~==K
m~=~~=~=WJ
c=J=====~==~K
i=K
f~=~=K
b==~=~===~=K
s~==~K
i~====~=~=~=~K=
31
14/07/2008
16:31
NN=jbq^i=ollcfkd=J=`lkqfkrba
j~==~=~=~=~=~~==
~~K
g==~~===J=KK===~K
b=====K
b===~=~==K
f~K
b==~=~=K
b==~==~=~=~==K
m====~=~~K=
a==~==~=~======
===~=~K
^=~=~=~K
b====~K
b==~===~=K
o=K
i~====~K
i~====K
i~====K
f~K
=~=~=K
=~K
=~=====~~K
m==J====~=====
K
gI=~I=~=~=~K
oI=~I==~=K=
f===~=~==~===~===
a=j~~K
b====~=K
32
Page 32
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 33
NO=`roq^fk=t^iifkd
z
^=~===~=~=~====
==~\
f==~====~=\
f=J=~==~~~L\
f=J=~==~~~L\
f=~=~==\
b=~=~==~===~=~K
e~==~========
~\
e~=~=~=~====~~==`fof^=
d~==~=~=eI=Ed~===~~I=~
=~=~FI=`t`q=J=p~~===~==Er
=~=~F=~====\
b===L==I==I=~=
K
e~==~=========
==~=~==I=~=~=~=~=~==~=
~==\
b=~===~====~=~~=~=
~K
a========~=\==f=I===
~=~==~==J~=\
f===~=I=~===~=~=~K
t=====\
j~====~=====~K
`===~==~=~=~===
==~=~==~=K
^=~~=~=~=~====~=~=
=\
33
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 34
NO=`roq^fk=t^iifkd=J=`lkqfkrba
z
e~==J=====\
b====~===K
_~W==~===~=~==~=~===
~=~=~=~I====K
e~==`~==~~=~===~==
=======~~=I==
n^=L=~==~LL=\
e~==`~==~~=~===~===
~~=\
f==`~==~~=~==~==
=~==n^=L=~==~LL
=~==L~=\
f~~==~===~=~===~=
~=~K==b==J~=~I=~=K=
~=~=~===`~=K
b==~=~=~=~====
EpI=h~=F=J====~=~=~~K
b===~=E^F====~=~=
~====~=~K==f==
===~=~K=m==~==~=
~I=~======q~=p=aK
s~=p=~=========~=
====~=K==^~===~~=
K
b=~=====~=K
e~==~==~====~=
~==~~===q~=t=mK
^=~==~=~==~~===
~=\
e~=~==~==~~====~=
j=p~\
34
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 35
NO=`roq^fk=t^iifkd=J=`lkqfkrba
z
e~==I==~=~===~==
~~====~\
j~
z
b=~==~=~==~K
b=~=======~=====
~=~=~=K
a==~==~=~K
`==K==j~L===J=~==
~~D=K
b=~=~==~===~==~==
~~=~K
35
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 36
NP=mi^pqbofkd
z
`=~==I=I=K
f==~=~==~~I=~=~=\
`===~=~===K
m~==~====~=~~K==f=~=
=~===~JJ~=~I======
~=~I===~=~=I=====
=~=~=~=~===~K
`=====~K
`=`~K==q=====~==~===
=~=~K==q=~=======
~= ==~====~K==b~=~=
=====~K
f===I===~==PJQ==~=
=~===~==~K
t====~=~==~=~==
=~~=~=~K==^==~=~==
==~=~~===~K
_=~~=~~==~=~==~I==~=
===~K
`==~===~=~=~=~I=~=~=
~======~=====
==K
`===I=~=~I=I=K
`======~====~==
=K=f==~=====~==~=
===~=======K==t~=
I==~~==I===~==~==
~==~=K
`=======~===
~====~==K
`=~=~===~======
~K
b=~====~=X=====
~==~~K=
36
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 37
NQ=mi^pqbo_l^oa=m^oqfqflkp=^ka=`bfifkdp
z
q==~===~~=~=K
`=~==~=I=I==I==~=
~=K
b=~=~=~===~====
~=~K
`~==~===~=K
b=~==~===~=~~K
b=~==~=~==~K
b=~==~~=======
=~I=I=~~=~I=~~I=~~I=K
t=~=~==~~==~=~=~===
====~=~I=SMM==~I==
~==~K
b=~===~===~==
~=~=~K
f=~==~==~=~====~==~=
~~=~====~~K
b=~~=====~==~=~J
=K
`====~=NMM===I==~=~=
~~I==~~I==I==~==~=
L~~K
`=~==~=~K==b=~=j=C=b==
J~======O==~K
^==~==~\==f===J=I=
~~===~I=~==~=~=~=
~K
`~===~===~=~===
======~=~K==`=~~=
~K
37
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 38
NQ=mi^pqbo_l^oa=m^oqfqflkp=^ka=`bfifkdp=J=`lkqfkrba
z
`===~I==~=K
j~=I===~==~I=~==~=
==~=====~I=~==
~==K
t==~==~~==~===~==
=~=~~I=~~===~==~=
~K
f==~===~==~=~\==a=====
=~\
`===~K
^~==~=====J==~~=K
^=~==~====~K
`==~==~=~=~======
K
`===~=~=jc===K
`==~===K
kI==~======K
b=jc====J~==~=~==K
`=~===I==~=~=~=K
k=~~====~==~=~==~=J=
===~=K
g===~=~=K
g===PJ~=~=~==~=~===K
o~=E~F=~===~=~=~=~K
m~==~L~=~===~==~K
38
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 39
NR=p`obba=J=`bjbkqLp^ka
t==~==~==~=I=
I==~=~=======
q~=p=aK
`=~=p~
z
`~=======K
`==~~=~~===I=~=~==
~K==^=~=~===~=~==
==K
f===EORJQMFI==~==~I=
~=~==~=~=~==K
f===E=RMI==~FI==~=~=~=
L~~=~==~K
^===~==~=~===
==UM==~=~=~=~====
=~======~K
p=K==`L~===~=ELF===~
K=`====D~D=K
p===~==O=~===~=RMK
p===~==L~=~K
f=O=~I===~===~=~~=~=~=~=~=
~==~K
b==~==~K
b=~==~D==~=~===~=~=
K
^====~====K==`====
K==j=====~=I=~=I=
~=======K==Eo==
~~=~~===~==~==~==~=
===~====~==
FK
39
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 40
NR=p`obba=J=`bjbkqLp^ka=J=`lkqfkrba
z
p=====~===~=~=~=
=~==J==T=~===~=OQ=~==
K
m======~K
h=~===T=~=~==K
^~===~==~K
_=~~=~=~==~K==`=====
==K==t======~=~=
~=~=I=~======~=I=
~===~==K==m~====~==
========K
`~=~=~~=~===~==I=
~=~=K
_=~~========~==
I=~===~~====
==E=~==Y=TRBFK
d~
z
b=~==~=~==~=K==q=OMJ
QM==~==ORJNRO ===K
^===QM===~=~=NMM=K
_~=====~=~=~~=K
b=====J==~=~K
`===~===T=~====K
40
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 41
NS=p`obba=J=ciltfkd=EmrjmbaF
z
`=~=======~K
b=~~=~==~=J===~==
~=~==~=~=~=~===
~~K
`=~===J==~I===~=
~K=`~==~=~=~=======
=K=`=~=~==~=K
_~==~==~=J===~=~=~===
=~=~=~=D~D=====~~==~=~=
===K
`=~=~==K
f=~==I=====~===K
b===~=~=K
_~=~=====~=~===~K=
q=========K
`=~==~===~==
~K
j==J=====~====~=
=K
`~=~=~==~==~===~=
K=
41
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 42
NT=cillo=cfkfpebp
z
b====~====~=~~==~
=K==i=~===~=~=~K
`===~=J=~===K
f=~=~=J=I=~I=I===~=
=\
d~=L~===NL~=J===~=
=~===~~K
`==~=======~===
ELFK
d~=~===~J~=~==~=~=~=
===E=~===~=~~=~=
FK
b=~=~==~====~==~===~
~==~====~=====K
_~==~=========
L~K==t~=~~===~=~==K
^=~=~===~===S====
~==I=~=L~==P==K
g==~=======LK==
k~=RJNM=~=E~=~~=QMOFI==U=~==~=
=EPKR=~===~=~FK==k==~=OWN=
~==~K==`=~==~=~===~K
e~==~====~=K
b=~=~==~=~=E~=F==~=
=I=KK====~K
s==~===I==~=~==
=K==p~=~======
=~=~=~====K
t==~===~=~=====
==~=====~~====
===========
=~======K
42
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 43
NT=cillo=cfkfpebp=J=`lkqfkrba
^~
z
b====~==~=======
=J==I=~K==j=~=~====K
`==~===~====EKK=I=
I=~=~=~~FK
b===~=====K
b=======~====DD==
==E~L~FK
b========~K
ms`==~===~==~==~=~=
====~K==`=====
K
f====~=~==~=~===~=
~=J=KK=~=I=~=I==K
fjmloq^kq
p======K
f==~===~~==~=L~=
======K==q=~~===~K
43
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 44
NU=fkqbok^i=obkabo
p===~==~==~===~~=
~====~=K
z
b=~===~====~K==
_~=~========
J=~==~K
p~=~===~=~=S====
K
f==~====~=====
~=~=K==p~===~====
~~=~I=~=~~===K
o====L~L~==~=
L~K==a====~=K
o======~=NWP==NWQ==I=~=
==I=~===~==~K
b=~=====~=J===K
b=~====~=~===
=~=K
b=~~=~=~===~=~K
j~====NP==~=~I=
OM=K
f=OJ~===I==~======~=K
q==~====~====~===
K
o=====~==~I=~~==P==
OK
b===~======~K
`===~=~===~=K
f=~=I==~==K
f======~==~=~==
~==~====~=~=E=NOI==SF
==~=====~=~====~K
c=~~=I===~=~===K
_=~===~=~=~K
44
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 45
NV=buqbok^i=obkabo
^~===j~~=~==~
I=~==~===~=~====~
====~==~K
z
b=~===~====~K==
_~==~========
=J=~=~=~=K
m~=~====~==~=~==
~~~I=~==~=K==t===I=
=~=~==~~K==_===~===KK=
~K
f====~~=~=~=K
a==~=~===~===J===K
o===E~=~=~F===~=RK==b=
=~=~===K==Ea~====
~=~=~====FK
`=~==~======~~====
=J===~=~K
^=I=~I====~=====
DDK
d~=OJ~====~=~I=PJ~==
K
b=~==~=~=~=I==~==K
OJ~==~===NSI=PJ~==OMK==k==
OR==~~=K==Ek=~==
~FK
^======~=J===K
b=====D===K
p=~====~====~===
=~=====K
45
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 46
NV=buqbok^i=obkabo=J=`lkqfkrba
z
b=~=~==~==J===~=N=~K
`=~=~=~===K
b==~~=~==J=====
LK==r=~LK
b==~~=K
b~=====~===K
m~=~=~==~=~K==`=
~~D=~K
^==~L==\
f~====~==~K
m==~=======~=
~~K
46
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 47
OM=t^ii=qfifkd
z
b=~=~=====Q===~I=
~=O===I=~=~~==K
t~====~~====~==~I==
=~~==~=~===K
b=~==~K=a===~===~~K==i=
==~===~=~=~=~=~K
j======~=PKR==~=~=~=
====~=~=~===
K==^~==~=~=~=~==~K=
g=~=~===~==~===~====
=K
b=~=~=J~===~K
b~=======~K
b==~==K==f===~==I=
~=~=~K=q=~===~=~=
=~~===~~=~K
a====~=~==~K
q========~K==b==
~====~K==t=~~==NMMB=
~I===RMBI==TRB==K=
NMMB=~===~======~=K
b==~=====K
b==~=~===~==~~=====
~==~=K
b=~=~~===~K==`=~=~K
_~=J=^=~~==~=DD=~~I===~=
~=~=I===~==~=~=
===~======~~K=
^=~====~===K
m=~==~==K
47
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 48
OM=t^ii=qfifkd=J=`lkqfkrba
z
mL~=====K
b=~=~======~~===
K
m=====~K
^==~=~===J===~K
fjmloq^kq
`~===~====~=~L~=~==~=
~I===K==o~======~K
`eb`h=pmb`fcf`^qflkK=o~=p~=`~K
48
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 49
ON=prpmbkaba=`bfifkdp
z
a====~===~==
~~=~=~==K==^===~==
=~==I==L~=~=
======~===~=~=EKK=
==~=L_q=~=a^q^FK=
f==~=~=======~=
~~===K==`==~=~==
~========~K
`=~====~=~~==~=~=~I=
=~=K
`====~===~=~==K
b===~=~===~=~=
==K
p===~=~=~==~=~X==
~=~===K==b~======
~=~K=f====~=~==~====
K==f==~=~=~=~I=~========
~K
_=~~=~====~==~I===~=
=K==q==~==~=K==q=~=~
=~==~~=~==~~===
K
`==~==~======~=K
q=~===~====~K
^==~=~========
=~K==q=====~~===~
=~====K==q==~===
==~=~==K=
`~==~======~~===D=fq
~~I=~=~~==K=J=`=~===
~K
49
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 50
ON=prpmbkaba=`bfifkdp=J=`lkqfkrba
z
b=~=jCb==~~==~==~==
====K
l~=jCb=J==~K
`===~=~===K
b====~==~~==jCb=
~~K
b==~=~=====~==~==
===K
_=~~=~===~====K==q==
~==~=~==~===~K
q==~==~===~====
=~~==~=I==I=~~I=~I=
I=====K
f====~=~~=jKcK====~==
==~=~K
b~===jKcK==~====
~~===~~=K
t==~===I=~====
====~=I====~==
===~=~=K=q===~==~~=
==~~D=K
`=L=~===~===
~K
c===K
i=~=~====~~===~~==
~==K
50
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 51
OO=m^fkqfkd=^ka=ab`lo^qfkd
z
`=~=~==~K
c==I====W=I=I=I=I=
~=~=~K
e~====J~==K
b=~==~====~=~==~=
K
r==~~====~=====
~I==~=~=K
b=~=~===~===K
`==~~D=~==~==
K
b=~=~=~=~~===~=~=~==
===K
b=~~=~=I==~I=~==I==
=~=K==q==~==~=E==
=~=~=I==~=FK
^====I=====K
`~==~=~=~=~=~===
~K
b=~~=X==~~====
==~~K
^=~J=~~==\
^====~====~=~=~K==p~
=====~I=~=~=~=
~K==j~===~===~K
51
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 52
OO=m^fkqfkd=^ka=ab`lo^qfkd=J=`lkqfkrba
t~
z
a===~=~=W
~K
q===~=~==~=~==~===
==K
q=~====~==K
b=~=~K
q=~==~~=~===~=K
t~=======I==~==~=D
~==~K
t~====~==~K
p~=K==r=~===~=K==f===~~=
==I===~=~=~=~=K==a=
=~=~===~=~=~K
52
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 53
OP=m^fkq=cfkfpebp=lk=jbq^itloh
z
o==_=p=E`F===K
_~=~=~=~=K==^=~====
~=====~=E=NMMB=~~=~=
~~FI====~=~K==p~I=~=~~=
====~===~==~
~~=K
s====~~==~==~=~K==f=~=
=~===~=~=~===K
a==~=~=~===I==~=~=K=
`=~=~~=~=~=~==~~K
f==~=~===~=I=====
~~I=~=I===~=~=K
b=~=~=~=L~==~==~=
=K
l~=~=~==~===~K
k==d~~==~==~~K==r==OJ~
========~=~=K==f==
~=~==~=~====~=~==
=~==~I=EK=VMB=====FK
b=~~=~=~==~=~=~=
=~==~K
`=~=======~K
m~=~~=~==~=~==~==~K
53
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 54
OQ=`^ombkqovLglfkbov
z
`=p~K
j~====~==~==~K==
^=J~====~~K
l~=~===~==~=~=~==
K
_~===~~=K==q=~==~=
~=~=~~=K
b==~=====~~===
=~=~==~===~=~==~=
~K
f==~I=~=~==K==^I==
~=~====~=K
b=======~==~=~==K
b=~=~==~=====K
`===~=K==m~~==~===
~==~===~K
m====~~==K==_~=~==
~==~=~=J===~K
^==~=====~=~===
=\
f====~=~~~=======
~=~==\
a==~~=~I=KK=~===X===
~==~=~===~K
f==~J==E~==~=~=F==
~I===~==~K
t=~===~I====~===~K
54
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 55
OQ=`^ombkqovLglfkbov=J=`lkqfkrba
z
o=~====~~~==~==
~=~=K==j=====D~~DI=KK===
=~=====K==a==~=~=~====
K
b=~=~=~===~============
=J=~=~=~====DDK
`=~===~=====~K
b=~===~=~=~=~=====
=~L==~====K
_=~~=~=jac=~=~===~==
~~K==j~====K
q==~~======~=
~==L~=====L~~K
55
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 56
OR=ol^aLe^oapq^kafkd=J=`lk`obqb
z
b=~=~=~==~I=E=L~I=
FK
e~=~=L=C=~===~\
a==~~=====~=
~K==q==~=~=~=K
b==~===~I=KK=~~=I=
~I=E=LD`~~=_~=o~DI=FK
b=J~==~I=KK=~~I=I=
~I=E=LI=FK==f==~=~=
~====~\
k=~=~=Dq=ND=~~==~=~K
`=~==~==~=~~==~===
=~K
`~==~~==~=q=N=====
=K
b===~===K==^==
=~~=I=~I=I=K
^====\=b=~===~=
====K
f=====\=p===~=~=~=
~~K=b=~~==~L==K
`====J====~=
==ESMM=~FK==`===L=K
`=~=~==~=~==~=D~=DK
b==~====~==~==
~=~==~==K
b==~=~=I=~I=~~=~===
~~K==^==~===~==
==~====~~K
56
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 57
OR=ol^aLe^oapq^kafkd=J=`lk`obqb=J=`lkqfkrba
z
`=~==~=~=~=~=~=~=
~LK
a===cI=K=====~=K
`===K==`==~==~=~=~
~K
p~==~==~==~==~=~==J=~=OQ=
I===~~K==q======
~~K
b=~==~~=~===~===~I
~=~===~~=~==~=~=K
`~=J~=~==~==L~L~\
b=~==~======K
l~=~~====E~=~I=~FK
57
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 58
OS=ol^aLe^oapq^kafkdp=J=j^`^a^j
z
b=~=~=~==~I=E=L~I=
FK
e~=~=L=C=~===~\
a==~~====~K==q=
=~=~=~=K
b=~==~I=~~I=I==
I=~I=E=LI=FK
b=J~==~I=~~=I==
I=~I=E=LI=FK==f==~=~
~====~\
Dq=ND=~~==~=~K
`=~==~==~=~~==~===
=~K
`~==~~==~=q=N=====
=K
f==~~===~==~=~\==e~=~=~===
~~K
f==~==~===~~\==f===
~=====~~\==p=~K
`=~=~====~==~=~=
K
`==~=~=~===~~K=
a===~=NRMLNVRl`I=~=NSMLNVRl`=~K===============
i~===~=NNMl`I=~=NPMl`=~K===============================
`==~L_pK=========================================================
_~=====K
`=~==~~=====~=~=~==
=~=~===~===PMM===K
58
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 59
OS=ol^aLe^oapq^kafkdp=J=j^`^a^j=J=`lkqfkrba
z
b=~====~K
`=KK=~=~K~K=~===~=~~K
b=~~=~======~~=E~==
NMJNQ=LFK
^===J=~~=~=~==K
`=~=~===~===I=~=~=~=
~K
`=~====~====
K
b=j~=^~==~==~~K
59
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 60
OT=qbjmlo^ov=tlohp
z
b=~==~====`~==q~=
t=mK
b=~=qt=`J~=~=p=~==~=
==E=~=~=FK
b=~=~====~~K
b=~=~=~==~=~==E`~=^==_FK
b=~=~~===~===~=K
b=~====~~==~===
~===~==~=~=I==~~==
K
t==~===~==~~I==
~~=~=~=~==K
`=~=~=L==~===~=
I=~===~=~K
i~==qt=a==~==~=K
b=qt==~=~=~==`~=b=
p===K
b~====~====K=f==
I=~=~====~==~K
b=qt=m======~=~K===
b=~=~===~I=~I=K
`~======~=~~==~==~=
~=~==~~K
b=~~=~=~=~=~====K
_~==~=~L~~==~==~=~=
==~===J=~~=~K==^=~==
=~===~=~==LK
b=~=~====~==~=
~=~=~=====~K
q~===~=~K
60
14/07/2008
16:31
Page 61
OT=qbjmlo^ov=tlohp=J=`lkqfkrba
Scaffolding p=b~=_UM~K
z
b=~==~=~=~=~=p~=p=
==~====q~=t=p==
=~==~K
b=~=====C===~~==
=`~====J=_UM~K
Sheet Piles
z
p==I====I=~===
=~=~=====~=~=~=~
=~~=I=~I=~~==K
p=~==NK
t==~=~==~==~==~=
=~=~=~====~==~==
=K
q~=~=====~=~==
~~====K=e~===
====~=~~K=l====~=
=====~=~K=q=~==
~==~=====K=
61
14/07/2008
16:32
Page 2
`~=m
OQ=_=p
t~
tsN=Qev
K~K
c===~=~=~~K~]~K
c======~=~=KK]~K