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#9#O#T
###GTeli/Solar#H
#G#H##
EA01-000-2
05 Oct 1985
By
#E#4PREFACE#5
#4#5#F
Page iv Preface
#E#41. INTRODUCTION#5
#4#5#F
The Teli/Solar package is a program which provides the user
with an easy, quick method of evaluating energy-saving
alternatives in the areas of hot water usage, building
heating/cooling load, and solar collector design.
Page 1.1
Introduction TeliSolar
The electronic computer has been around for some time and is
widely used in all phases of industry and commerce. The use of
the computer in solving everyday energy-related problems is a
reality, and the architect or contractor who does not take
advantage of the tremendous potential of the computer will soon
find himself outdated and professionally handicapped.
Introduction.
This chapter discusses the background of the Teli/Solar
program, the intended user, and how the manual is organized
(it is the chapter you are currently reading).
Getting Started.
This chapter discusses the operational aspects of the
computer and DOS, the backup procedures for the supplied
disks, how to format diskettes, and how to "bring up" the
Teli/Solar system.
TeliSolar Introduction
Heat Loss.
This chapter describes the usage and application of the
"Building Heat Loss" option of the program.
Economic Considerations.
This chapter describes the usage and application of the
"Discounted Cash Payback" option of the program.
Solar Sizing.
This chapter describes the usage and application of the
"Solar Collector Sizing" option of the program.
Appendix - R-values.
This appendix lists the R-values for numerous materials and
surfaces.
Glossary.
The Glossary defines a few of the energy-related terms
encountered in the manual or program output.
-----+-----
Introduction
which describes the option and generally what it does.
Page 1.3
Introduction TeliSolar
Usage
which describes how to use the option and what input values
are needed.
Help
which describes the on-line help available for the option.
Application
which describes how the option can be used to solve various
real-world problems.
Theory
which describes the mathematical equations involved.
#G1.4. In General#H
Also, in the examples, the term "Enter ___" means type the
value indicated and press the 'Return' key. On the other hand,
the term "Press ___" means that the value indicated should be
typed and no 'Return' is necessary. (The 'Return' key is the one
on the left side of the keyboard that looks something like this:
"<--'".)
Page 1.4
#G2.1. Configuration#H
o BASICA,
Disks
The Teli/Solar package consists of one (1) diskette
containing the following files:
Registration Plan
This consists of several pages which describe the Limited
Warranty, the Registration page, and the Replacement policy.
Page 2.1
The 'Shift' key can be held down while you press another key to
give you uppercase letters, symbols, or functions - just like the
Shift or Caps keys on a typewriter.
The function keys are located on the left of the keyboard. They
are numbered 'F1' through 'F10'. They are used alone to perform
one function. Whenever reference is made in this manual to one of
these keys, an "F" will precede the number. Following is the
description of the use of each of the function keys.
o F1 - provides the help screen for the 'Main Menu' when the
'Main Menu' is active.
Page 2.2
the results using the default values for the remaining input
items. For example, suppose that during the second selection
of option 1 (hot water usage), only the second input item
needed to be changed. When prompted for the third item, the
user may press the F3 key to skip the remaining input and see
the results immediately.
o F4 - not used.
o F8 - not used.
o F9 - not used.
o F10 - exits the program. Pressing this key during the 'Main
Menu' display will cause the program to ask you if you are
sure you want to exit. Entering a "y" will terminate the
program. Entering any other key will return you to the 'Main
Menu'. This is useful in the event you forgot to save your
work before exitting.
Most of the keys on the keyboard are labeled with the specific
key name or an abbreviation of the name. Others are not
Page 2.3
Page 2.6
The MAIN MENU will then appear. It will look similar to the
following:
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Teli/Solar (Ver. 1.20) 07-03-1985 07:54:07 |
| |
| |
| |
| 1 - Weekly hot water usage & solar requirements |
| 2 - Solar flux striking solar collector |
| 3 - Heat loss from a building |
| 4 - Return on energy-saving investments |
| 5 - Solar collector sizing calculation |
| 6 - Reserved for future use |
| 7 - Reserved for future use |
| 8 - Save program element data |
| 9 - Load program element data |
| |
| F1 - Main Menu Help F2 - MAIN MENU |
| F3 - Skip remaining input |
| F5 - American Units F6 - Metric Units |
| |
| F10 - Exit from program |
| |
| Choose an option: |
| |
| |
| -1 = help. Units = American. Mode = Main Menu |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
Choose the option desired. Options 1 through 5 have built-in
default values which may be chosen by simply pressing the
'Return' key. This allows the user to step through each of the
options by pressing the 'Return' key to see some representative
input and the results of that input. This should give the user a
"feel" for how the program works without the necessity of
determining the specific input for his or her application. To do
this:
2. When the 'Weekly hot water usage & solar requirements' menu
Page 2.7
6. When the 'Heat loss from a building' menu appears, press the
"C" key. A display of the amount and percent of total heat
loss through each of the default building elements defined in
the "HOUSE.DAT" file should appear, along with the total
yearly heating and cooling requirements for the house. A
'Graphic display of load' message should appear. Enter a "Y"
to see it, or any other key to return to the Main Menu.
Following the above steps should have given you a "feel" for
how the program works and the kind of results that you can
expect. Now its time to move on to the real thing.
Page 2.8
#G3.1. Introduction#H
The "Hot water usage and solar requirements" option allows the
user to calculate the yearly hot water usage and cost in terms of
energy and dollars. It gives the user an approximation of how
many gallons of hot water is used each year and how much energy
and money that hot water costs.
Using the methods presented here, you can easily and rapidly
assess the effect of:
#G3.2. Usage#H
At the Main Menu screen, select option '1' when prompted for
the option that you want. The program will then prompt you for
the necessary input values.
You start by entering the number of times each week that the
members of your household use hot water for the purpose stated.
If the usage varies from the amount shown below, adjust the
estimate accordingly. (For instance, if each member of your four
member household takes a 5 minute shower every night, the
Page 3.1
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| FOR EACH OF THE ITEMS BELOW, INDICATE THE NUMBER OF USES/WEEK. |
| |
| BATH/SHOWER [ 21.00 ] |
| LAUNDRY (HOT WATER) [ 3.00 ] |
| LAUNDRY (WARM WATER) [ 4.00 ] |
| DISHWASHER [ 12.00 ] |
| WASHING DISHES BY HAND [ 2.00 ] |
| HAND AND FACE WASHING [ 18.00 ] |
| FOOD PREPARATION USING HOT WATER [ 2.00 ] |
| OTHER HOT WATER USAGE (IN GAL.) [ 50.00 ] |
| |
| Total weekly hot water use in gallons is 730 |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
The last line shows the amount of hot water used each week.
Next, you must enter the input and output water temperature for
your hot water heater. The temperature of the input water depends
on the season of the year and the location of your house.
Typically, it is about 50 to 55 degrees. The temperature of the
water leaving the hot water heater is controlled by the
thermostat on the heater. This is usually set at about 140
degrees by the factory or installer.
Then, you must enter the type of fuel used to heat the water.
The choices are 'E' for electricity, 'O' for fuel oil, 'G' for
natural gas, or 'P' for propane.
Lastly, you must enter the price you pay for a kilowatt-hour
(for electricity), 100 cubic feet (for gas), or gallon (for oil
or propane). This price should be on your utility bill. National
averages are $0.07 per kilowatt-hour, $0.59 per 100 cubic feet,
$1.20 per gallon of oil, and $0.50 per gallon of propane (as of
December 1982).
Page 3.2
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| FOR EACH OF THE ITEMS BELOW, INDICATE THE NUMBER OF USES/WEEK. |
| |
| BATH/SHOWER [ 21.00 ] |
| LAUNDRY (HOT WATER) [ 3.00 ] |
| LAUNDRY (WARM WATER) [ 4.00 ] |
| DISHWASHER [ 12.00 ] |
| WASHING DISHES BY HAND [ 2.00 ] |
| HAND AND FACE WASHING [ 18.00 ] |
| FOOD PREPARATION USING HOT WATER [ 2.00 ] |
| OTHER HOT WATER USAGE (IN GAL.) [ 50.00 ] |
| |
| Total weekly hot water use in gallons is 730 |
| |
| Temperature of inlet water [ 50.00 ] |
| Temperature of hot water outlet [ 140.00 ] |
| Enter fuel type : (E)lectricty,(O)il,(G)as, or (P)ropane [G]? |
| Enter fuel cost ($/100 cu ft) [ .35 ] |
| |
| |
| Estimated total annual BTU's used is 36,070,000 |
| Estimated total annual cost to heat hot water is $184.11 |
| |
| |
| Graphic display of usage (Y or N)? Mode is HOT WATER. |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
#G3.3. Help#H
At any of the prompts for input values, you may enter a "-1"
for the value to get 'help' information. If you do this at this
point, you will see a display which contains the following
information:
Page 3.3
#G3.4. Application#H
Page 3.4
TeliSolar Hot Water Usage
#G3.5. Theory#H
No. of Gallons/
Uses Use
Wu = Bath/shower x 15
+ Laundry (hot) x 25
+ Laundry (warm) x 15
+ Dishwasher x 15
+ Washing dishes by hand x 4
+ Washing face & hands x 2
+ Food preparation x 3
+ Other
Fu = [ (Wu x Hu x 52) + Es ] x Ff
where:
Cost = Fu x Fc
where:
Fu = Fuel used from above
Fc = Fuel cost or the price per basic unit of fuel
Page 3.5
#G4.1. Introduction#H
In areas with very high fuel costs, such as the Northeast and
Midwest, the cost of a solar hot water pre-heater can be a very
worthwhile investment. For instance, a solar hot water pre-heater
can be purchased (exclusive of installation) for about $2500 at
the time of this writing. Federal and state tax credits can save
you $1200 to $1500; which means the after tax cost of the solar
system is $1000 to $1500.
Page 4.1
#G4.2. Usage#H
At the Main Menu screen, select option '2' when prompted for
the option that you want. The program will then ask for each of
the three inputs described above in order. At each prompt, either
enter the value which applies to your situation or press the
'Return' key to use the default value shown in brackets. Entering
a "-1" for a value for any of the three prompts will display the
same "HELP" screen which provides a short description of the
values needed for input.
The program will then calculate the daily and monthly heat
available to be collected by a flat plate collector based on your
location and the defined orientation of the collector.
Page 4.2
#G4.3. Help#H
At any of the prompts for input values, you may enter a "-1"
for the value to get 'help' information. If you do this at this
point, you will see a display which contains the following
information:
#G4.4. Application#H
o Latitude = 39.5
Page 4.3
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| FOR FOLLOWING QUERIES, ANSWER WITH DECIMAL VALUES: |
| |
| Latitude of your position [ 39.00 ] |
| Tilt angle relative to horizonal [ 35.00 ] |
| Azimuth with respect to true south [ 18.00 ] |
| |
| Solar radiation on a flat collector |
| |
| Month Btus/ Average sunny Btus/ |
| day-ft^2 days/month month-ft^2 |
| |
| Jan - 1468 25 36700 |
| Feb - 1816 25 45400 |
| Mar - 2109 25 52725 |
| Apr - 2255 25 56375 |
| May - 2253 25 56325 |
| Jun - 2222 25 55550 |
| Jul - 2236 25 55900 |
| Aug - 2232 25 55800 |
| Sep - 2091 25 52275 |
| Oct - 1787 25 44675 |
| Nov - 1449 25 36225 |
| Dec - 1322 25 33050 |
| |
| Graphic display of flux (Y or N)? Mode is SOLAR ENERGY |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
Page 4.4
possible.
#G4.5. Theory#H
2. Solar declination
where:
where:
Ip = Is x cos(i)
where:
Page 4.5
Solar Flux Striking Collector TeliSolar
i = angle of incidence
cos(i) = sin(D) x sin(L) x cos(T)
- cos(L) x sin(T) x cos(A)
+ cos(D) x cos(H) x cos(L) x cos(T)
+ sin(L) x sin(T) x cos(A)
+ cos(D) x sin(T) x sin(A) x sin(H)
T = tilt angle
A = azimuth (true south = 0)
Page 4.6
#G5.1. Introduction#H
Page 5.1
#G5.2. Usage#H
At the Main Menu screen, select option '3' when prompted for
the option that you want. The program will then present you with
a choice of three different options from which to choose. The 'C'
option will use the current values of the building elements (the
default values built into the database if you haven't defined any
yet and show you an example output. The 'E' option will allow
you to edit the building elements currently defined to the
program. The third option, 'N' allows you to define your own
house or building.
It has two 3' by 7' doors; six 3' by 3' windows; two 8' by 30'
walls; two 8' by 50' walls; and one 30' by 50' ceiling/roof.
Page 5.2
Figure 1
Page 5.3
Page 5.4
Page 5.5
as the number of times per hour that all of the air in the
building is replaced with new air from outside. These air changes
per hour (AC/hr) can vary from as low as 0.2 to as high as 2.0.
See the following table for rough guidelines for AC/hr of typical
houses. The AC/hr is difficult to measure or estimate, so your
own best educated guess is probably as good as any. Table I lists
typical AC/hr values for several differently constructed houses.
Table I
-------------------------------------------------------
| Construction | AC/hour |
-------------------------------------------------------
| Super insulated - Special design | 0.2 |
| to limit infiltration. | |
| Tight constructed - new storm doors| 0.7 |
| & windows, caulking around doors,| |
| windows, & foundation. | |
| Average - old doors & windows, old | 1.0 |
| caulking & weatherstripping | |
| 10 to 25 years old - no storm | 1.5 |
| windows,caulking, or stripping | |
| Older than 25 years - drafty, | 2.0 |
| windows & doors loose | |
| | |
-------------------------------------------------------
The last two items needed are the volume of the building and
the number of heating degree-days and cooling degree-days. The
volume can be calculated by multiplying the length of the
building by its width by its height. For example, the volume for
our hypothetical house is 12000 cubic feet. For a tri-level
house, calculate the volume for each level separately and then
add the volumes together. The heating/cooling degree-days depend
on the climatological environment where the building is located.
Typical values for several cities in the U.S. and Canada are
given in Appendix B. Degree-day data is also available for
various U.S. cities from the U.S. Weather Service (see references
1-4).
Page 5.6
TeliSolar Heat loss
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Enter title of this run. |
| ? Test case with 5 building elements and basement |
| Enter air changes/hour [ 1.00 ] |
| Fan capacity in cubic ft/minute [ 10.00 ] 0.0 |
| What is the heating degree-days [ 6473.00 ] |
| What is the cooling degree-days [ 1075.00 ] |
| Enter volume of building [ 12000.00 ] |
| Do you want to consider basement floors? yes |
| Enter width of basement [ 0.00 ] 30.0 |
| Enter length of basement [ 0.00 ] 50.0 |
| Enter depth of basement [ 0.00 ] 8.0 |
| Do you want to consider below-grade walls? yes |
| Enter width of basement [ 30.00 ] |
| Enter length of basement [ 50.00 ] |
| Enter depth of basement [ 8.00 ] |
| Enter depth of wall insulation [ 0.00 ] 2.0 |
| Enter R-value of wall insulation [ 0.00 ] 19.6 |
| Press 'ENTER' for 'Surface Name' when done. |
| Enter surface name ? Windows |
| Enter surface area 48 |
| Enter R-value of surface 1.67 |
| Enter surface name ? Doors |
| Enter surface area 42 |
| Enter R-value of surface 1.56 |
| Enter surface name ? Walls |
| Enter surface area 550 |
| Enter R-value of surface 13.75 |
| Enter surface name ? Walls - brick |
| Enter surface area 141 |
| Enter R-value of surface 14.05 |
| Enter surface name ? Roof |
| Enter surface area 1500 |
| Enter R-value of surface 14.90 |
| Enter surface name ? |
| |
| -1 = help. Units = American. Mode is ENERGY LOAD. |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
Page 5.7
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| |
| SURFACE AREA R UA LOAD |
| NAME (FT^2) BTU/HR-DEG F % |
| --------------------+-------------+--------+------------+------- |
| Windows 48.00 1.67 28.74 5.17 |
| Doors 42.00 1.56 26.92 4.84 |
| Walls 550.00 13.75 40.00 7.20 |
| Walls - brick 141.00 14.05 10.04 1.81 |
| Roof 1500.00 14.90 100.67 18.12 |
| Basement floor 1500.00 50.00 30.00 5.40 |
| Below-grade walls 1120.00 10.54 106.24 19.12 |
| |
| |
| AIR EXCHANGE SOURCE AC RATE VENT RATE ENERGY LOAD |
| AC/HR FT^3/HR BTU/HR-DEG F % |
| --------------------+-------------+--------+------------+------- |
| Air infiltration 1.00 12000.0 213.12 38.35 |
| Forced ventilation 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.00 |
| |
| |
| Yearly heating requirement is 86.33413 million BTU's |
| Yearly cooling requirement is 14.33789 million BTU's |
| |
| |
| Do you want a graphic display of load? Mode is HEATING LOAD |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
Page 5.8
#G5.3. Editting#H
At any of the prompts for input values, you may enter a "-1"
for the value to get 'help' information. If you do this at this
point, you will see a display which contains the following
information:
Page 5.9
To get the total R-value for any given surface, you must move
the cursor to each of the materials composing that surface and
cause it to be added in to the accumulating total.
Page 5.10
3. Add in your own R-value. You do this by using the '?' key. It
will prompt you for an R-value which it will then add to the
accumulated value shown in the upper right hand corner. You
can use this to add in values for materials which are not
listed and for which you have determined the R-value from
other sources. (This value may be negative, which would, in
effect, subtract the R-value out of the accumulated value).
1. Using the right arrow key, move the cursor over to the right
column. Using the down arrow key, move the cursor down to the
material 'Inside vertical air film'. Press the '+' key.
2. Using the left arrow key, move the cursor over to the left
column. Using the down arrow key, move the cursor down to the
'1/2 in. Gypsum board'. Press the '+' key.
3. Using the up arrow key, move the cursor up to the '1/2 in.
Plywood'. Press the '+' key.
Page 5.11
4. Using the down arrow key, move the cursor down to the 'Wooden
siding shingles'. Press the '+' key.
5. Using the up arrow key, move the cursor up to the '1 in.
brick'. Press the '*' key. When asked for the multiply
factor, enter '2.5' since the brick siding is 2 and 1/2
inches thick and the given R-value is for only one inch thick
brick.
6. Using the down arrow key, move the cursor to the '6 in.
Fiberglass batts'.
#G5.5. Application#H
Both of these methods have one thing in common: they cost money
to implement and operate. Alarming increases in the price of fuel
and electricity have caused the energy portion of our cost of
living to rival rent or mortgage payments. In an attempt to
reduce these costs, the homeowner must first decide where to
concentrate the energy-saving effort. This option automates the
calculations needed to determine the energy requirements of a
building. Once all of the building components have been modelled
and major areas of winter heat loss or summer heat gain have been
determined, it is then obvious which areas deserve attention.
Page 5.12
o Conduction
o Convection
o Radiation
o Infiltration
Conduction
where:
Page 5.13
Rt = Rg + Ri + Rp (4)
Convection
Radiation
where:
Infiltration
Heat Loss
Page 5.15
#G6.1. Introduction#H
#G6.2. Usage#H
At the Main Menu screen, select option '4' when prompted for
the desired option. The program will then request several input
values. At each prompt, enter the value which applies to your
situation or press the 'Return' key (<--') to accept the default
value shown in brackets.
Page 6.1
10. Fuel type - Same as step 7 above except used for cooling.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| General inflation rate (percent) [ 6.00 ] |
| Investment yield rate (percent) [ 9.00 ] |
| Fuel escalation rate (percent) [ 11.00 ] |
| Energy-saving investment cost ($) [ 450.00 ] |
| Heating load savings (million btus [ 8.00 ] |
| Cost of heating ($/unit) [ 7.50 ] 0.08 |
| Enter fuel type : (E)lec,(O)il,(G)as,(P)ropane [G]? e |
| Cooling load savings (million btus [ 4.00 ] |
| Cost of cooling ($/unit) [ 6.00 ] 0.08 |
| Enter fuel type : (E)lec,(O)il,(G)as,(P)ropane [G]? e |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| -1 = help. Units = American. Mode is INVESTMENT RETURN. |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
Page 6.2
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Present value of Present value if Net savings of |
| energy savings. capital were energy |
| Year (cumulative) invested investment |
| |
| 1 294.63 462.74 -168.10 |
| 2 603.16 475.83 127.33 |
| 3 926.25 489.30 436.95 |
| 4 1264.57 503.15 761.42 |
| 5 1618.85 517.39 1101.46 |
| 6 1989.85 532.03 1457.81 |
| 7 2378.34 547.09 1831.25 |
| 8 2785.16 562.57 2222.59 |
| 9 3211.17 578.49 2632.67 |
| 10 3657.27 594.87 3062.40 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Energy investment payed for in first year. |
| |
| |
| When ready, hit any key. Mode is INVESTMENT RETURN. |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
#G6.3. Help#H
At any of the prompts for input values, you may enter a "-1"
for the value to get 'help' information. If you do this at this
point, you will see a display which contains the following
information:
Page 6.3
#G6.4. Application#H
Using the 'Heat loss from a building' option (No. 3) and this
option, you can determine if investing your money in an
energy-saving upgrade is profitable. Assume you want to add more
insulation to the ceiling. Assume also that the of R19 fiberglass
is $0.50 per square foot and that you install the material
yourself. Based on the hypothetical house described earlier with
a ceiling area of 1200 square feet, the cost of insulation is
$600.00.
At the Main Menu, choose option 3 and set the R-value of the
roof to 15:
Choose option 3 again and this time set the R-value to 34:
Page 6.4
11. The display shows the accumulated amount of payback for each
year, and the number of years it will take to "pay off" the
$600 energy-saving investment.
#G6.5. Theory#H
Any number of economic models may have been used for this
program. A semi-sophisticated model is the "discounted payback"
method. It takes into account:
o Inflation rate.
Page 6.5
Economic Considerations TeliSolar
PV = [ A ] * [ (1+E)/(1+I) ] * [ 1 - ((1+E)/(1+I))^N ]
where:
PV = Present Value
A = Annual savings
E = Fuel escalation rate
I = General inflation rate
N = Year in question
#G7.1. Introduction#H
This option is used with the 'Weekly hot water usage & solar
requirements' option (# 1) or the 'Heat loss from a building'
option (# 3), and the 'Solar flux striking solar collector'
option (# 2) to determine the size of flat plate solar collector
needed to generate the heating requirements determined in options
1 or 3. The amount of energy that may be collected in your
situation was determined using option 2. Option 2 and either
option 1 or 3 must have been previously selected in order to
obtain the information necessary for the calculations made in
this section.
#G7.2. Usage#H
At the Main Menu screen, select option '5' when prompted for
the desired option. The program will then request several input
values. At each prompt, enter the value which applies to your
situation or press the 'Return' key (<--') to accept the default
value shown in brackets.
Page 7.1
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Efficiency of selected solar panel [ 0.75 ]? |
| Calculate for Hot water(W) or Heat load(H) [ W ]? |
| Calculate for (W)orst case or (A)verage [ A ] ? |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Estimated collector size needed is 66.86307 ft^2 |
| or approximately 2 panels. |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| When ready, hit any key. Mode is SOLAR SIZING |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
#G7.3. Help#H
At any of the prompts for input values, you may enter a "-1"
for the value to get 'help' information. If you do this at this
point, you will see a display which contains the following
information:
Page 7.2
#G7.4. Application#H
#G7.5. Theory#H
where:
Page 7.3
in option 2. BTU/yr-ft^2.
E = Collector efficiency
Page 7.4
Diskettes are very sensitive and must be handled with care. The
magnetically coated recording surface of the diskette is visible
through the oval holes in the permanent, black plastic jacket.
You must never touch any part of the exposed recording surface.
Touching this surface could destroy the diskette. Instead, always
handle it by the edge where the label is located.
When you place the diskette into the drive, hold it so the
label edge is facing up and closest to you.
Page A.1
The diskettes supplied with this package already have the foil
tab placed over the write-protect notch. Do not put a tab over
the notch on your working copy of the program.
Page A.2
TeliSolar Detailed Operations
DO:
DON'T:
o Remove the diskettes from the disk drives without saving any
files created during the run.
o Remove the diskette from the drive while the red "in-use"
light is on or the drive motor is running.
2. Flip the RED power switch on the right side (near the back)
to ON.
Page A.3
6. The screen clears and drive A whirs with its red light on.
2. Using your left hand, hold down both the "Alt" and "Ctrl"
keys (on the left side of the keyboard). Then press the "Del"
key (on the lower right of the keyboard), while still holding
down the "Alt" and "Ctrl" keys.
3. The screen clears and drive A whirs with its red light on.
7. If all goes well, you will see a copyright notice, the DOS
version number, and a prompt that looks like "A>" ("C>" if
you have a hard disk). Whenever you see this prompt, the DOS
system is ready to accept a command.
8. Once you are at this point, you are ready to run the your
program.
Page A.4
1. Start the IBM-PC system (see above for the Cold Start or Warm
Start procedures).
2. Format a blank diskette to receive the backup copy. (See
above procedure for formatting the diskette if you do not
know how to do this.)
Page A.5
If you are using a new computer with a hard disk, you must make
sure it is properly formatted and initialized before you begin.
See your computer dealer or use the computer's DOS Reference
manual to format it properly and install DOS on the hard disk.
When using a hard disk, programs are usually stored in and run
from subdirectories. We recommend creating a separate
subdirectory for this program and it's data files.
9. Press the 'Return' key. As the system copies the files from
the master diskette onto the hard disk, the file names appear
on the screen. When the copying process is complete, the DOS
prompt "C>" appears.
10. Remove the master disk from the "A" drive and store it in a
safe place.
11. You can now execute the program from the hard disk.
1. When you power off the PC, you lose whatever is on the screen
and in memory. Be careful about powering off!
2. Be sure to remove any and all diskettes and leave the drive
doors open.
Page A.6
4. Turn off the monitor (or TV) and the printer if you have one.
5. Avoid turning the PC on and off too often. The power surges
and temperature changes due to power up/down cycles are not
good for the electronic components and shorten their lives.
Page A.7
Alabama Birmingham 13 14 17 19 20 20 19 20 20 21 17 14
Montgomery 16 15 19 21 23 22 20 21 21 22 19 15
Alaska Anchorage 12 13 17 17 16 15 14 12 11 10 10 9
Fairbanks 11 14 19 20 17 16 14 11 9 9 11 9
Juneau 9 9 12 11 11 11 9 9 8 6 6 6
Nome 14 13 15 16 16 14 10 8 10 11 11 9
Arizona Phoenix 24 22 26 26 29 28 26 26 27 27 25 24
Yuma 26 24 28 28 30 29 29 28 28 29 27 26
Arkansas Little Rock 14 15 18 19 21 22 22 23 21 23 17 15
California Eureka 12 12 16 16 17 17 16 14 16 15 13 12
Fresno 14 18 22 25 28 28 30 30 28 27 22 15
Los Angeles 22 19 22 20 21 21 25 25 24 24 24 22
Red Bluff 16 17 20 23 24 26 29 29 27 24 19 16
Sacramento 14 16 21 23 25 27 30 29 28 25 20 14
San Diego 21 19 21 20 19 18 21 22 21 22 23 22
San Francisco 16 16 20 21 22 23 21 20 21 22 19 17
Colorado Denver 21 19 20 19 19 21 21 21 21 22 20 20
Grand Junct 18 17 20 20 22 24 24 22 23 23 20 18
Conn. Hartford 14 15 17 16 18 18 19 19 17 17 14 14
D.C. Washington 14 15 17 17 19 19 20 19 19 19 16 15
Florida Jacksonville 18 17 20 21 22 19 19 20 17 18 18 16
Key West 21 21 24 23 24 21 21 22 20 20 21 20
Miami Beach 20 20 23 22 21 19 20 21 19 19 20 20
Tampa 20 19 22 22 23 20 19 20 19 21 20 19
Georgia Atlanta 15 15 18 20 21 20 19 20 20 21 18 15
Hawaii Hilo 15 12 13 10 10 12 14 12 13 13 10 11
Honolulu 19 18 19 19 20 20 21 22 21 21 19 19
Lihue 15 13 15 14 16 18 18 18 20 18 15 15
Idaho Boise 12 13 18 20 21 23 28 27 24 20 14 11
Pocatello 11 13 18 19 20 22 25 25 23 20 14 11
Illinois Chicago 14 14 16 17 20 21 23 22 20 19 14 13
Springfield 15 14 17 17 20 21 24 22 22 20 16 14
Indiana Ft. Wayne 12 12 16 17 19 21 23 21 19 18 12 12
Indianapolis 13 13 15 17 19 20 23 22 20 20 14 12
Page B.1
General Info. by City TeliSolar
Columbia 16 16 19 20 21 20 20 20 19 21 19 16
S. Dakota Huron 17 17 19 19 20 20 24 22 20 19 16 15
Rapid City 18 17 20 19 19 20 23 23 21 20 17 17
Tennessee Knoxville 13 14 16 18 20 20 20 18 19 20 16 13
Memphis 14 14 18 19 21 22 23 23 21 21 17 14
Nashville 13 13 17 18 20 21 21 21 21 20 17 13
Texas Abilene 20 19 23 20 23 26 26 26 22 22 22 20
Austin 14 14 18 18 19 22 24 24 21 22 17 15
El Paso 23 22 25 26 27 26 24 24 24 25 24 23
Ft. Worth 17 16 20 20 21 23 24 24 22 22 19 18
Galveston 16 14 17 18 21 23 22 22 21 23 19 15
Utah Salt Lake Cit 15 15 19 20 23 23 25 25 25 23 17 15
Vermont Burlington 11 12 15 14 16 18 19 18 15 13 8 7
Virginia Norfork 16 16 19 19 21 20 20 20 19 20 18 16
Richmond 15 15 18 19 21 20 20 19 19 20 17 16
Washington Seattle 8 10 13 14 16 14 19 17 16 11 8 7
Spokane 8 11 16 19 20 20 25 24 20 16 8 7
W. Virginia Parkersburg 9 10 13 15 17 18 20 19 18 16 11 9
Wisconsin Green Bay 14 14 17 17 18 19 22 20 17 16 12 12
Milwaukee 14 13 16 17 19 20 23 21 19 17 13 12
Wyoming Cheyenne 20 18 20 18 18 20 22 21 21 21 20 20
Puerto Rico San Juan 20 19 22 20 18 19 20 21 18 20 19 20
Alberta Banff 7 9 11 12 13 12 13 13 14 12 9 5
Calgary 12 12 13 14 15 15 15 15 15 16 13 12
Edmonton 11 11 15 16 17 17 17 17 15 15 12 11
British Colum Dawson Creek 10 11 14 15 17 17 17 17 14 13 10 8
Prince George 7 9 12 13 16 16 16 16 12 10 7 5
Vancouver 6 9 11 12 16 16 16 16 14 11 8 6
Victoria 8 10 13 14 18 17 18 18 17 13 9 7
Manitoba Brandon 12 13 14 14 16 15 16 16 15 15 9 11
The Pas 10 12 14 14 16 15 16 16 13 13 6 9
Winnipeg 13 14 19 15 16 16 16 16 14 15 9 11
New Brunswick Chatham 12 12 12 13 14 14 14 14 14 13 10 11
Moncton 11 11 11 12 14 14 14 14 13 13 9 10
Saint John 12 12 13 12 13 13 13 13 14 14 9 12
Newfoundland Gander 8 8 9 8 10 10 10 10 11 10 7 7
St. John's 8 8 8 8 11 11 11 11 12 10 7 7
Nova Scotia Halifax 10 11 12 12 14 13 14 14 14 14 10 10
Sydney 9 10 11 12 14 13 14 14 13 13 8 8
Ontario Kingston 11 11 12 13 17 17 17 17 15 14 9 9
North Bay 11 13 13 14 16 15 16 16 13 11 6 8
Ottawa 11 11 13 13 16 15 16 16 14 12 8 9
Sault Ste Mar 8 11 13 14 16 16 16 16 13 11 7 8
Thunder Bay 13 15 16 15 16 15 16 16 14 11 9 11
Toronto 9 10 12 13 15 14 15 15 16 14 8 9
Page B.3
Degree-days
State City Heating Cooling Lat.
----- ---- ------- ------- ----
Page B.5
Degree-days
State City Heating Cooling Lat.
----- ---- ------- ------- ----
Page B.6
Degree-days
State City Heating Cooling Lat.
----- ---- ------- ------- ----
Page B.7
The Solar Decision Book, A Guide for Heating Your Home with
Solar Energy
Richard H. Montgomery, John Wiley & Sons, 1978
#E#4GLOSSARY#5
#4#5#F
Angle of incidence
Angle at which solar energy strikes a surface.
Azimuth
The angle between solar south and the direction in which the
collectors are faced. Used in solar flux calculations.
Collector
A device used to collect solar radiation (energy) and convert
it to usable heat.
Collector efficiency
The performance of a collector, measured as a ratio of useful
energy collected to the available energy striking the
collector. Usually expressed as a percent.
Conduction
The process by which heat energy is transferred through
materials (solids, liquids, or gases) by molecular excitation
of adjacent molecules.
Conductivity(k)
The quantity of heat (BTUs) that will flow through one square
foot of material, one inch thick, in one hour, when there is
a temperature difference of 1 degree F between its surfaces.
Convection
The transfer of heat between a moving fluid medium (liquid or
gas) and a surface, or the transfer of heat within a fluid by
movements within the fluid.
Degree-day
A unit of measurement used in heat-loss calculations and
solar system sizing. Shows degrees difference between 65
degrees F and the day's mean (average) outdoor temperature. A
25 degree-day would have a mean temperature of 40 degree F.
Page E.1
Glossary TeliSolar
Direct radiation
Composed of parallel rays coming straight from the sun.
Casts shadows on clear days.
Emissivity
The property of emitting heat radiation; possessed by all
materials to a varying extent.
Flux
The intensity of heat flow.
Heat exchanger
A device which transfers heat from one substance to another
substance without mixing the two.
Heat loss
A decrease in the amount of heat contained in a space,
resulting from heat flow through walls, windows, roof, and
other building envelope components.
Infiltration
The uncontrolled movement of outdoor air into the interior of
a building through cracks around windows and doors or in
walls, roofs, and floors. This may work by cold air leaking
in during the winter, or hot air leaking in during the
summer.
Insolation
The total amount of solar radiation striking a collector
cover plate. Includes direct, diffuse, and reflected
radiation.
kwh
Kilowatt-hour. Equals 1000 watt-hours. Electricity is sold in
kwh.
Passive system
A solar system which has no mechanical means to move or
regulate the release of collected energy.
Payback period
The amount of time (usually years) needed for a building
owner to recover the system investment in fuel-cost savings.
Page E.2
TeliSolar Glossary
Radiation
The heat movement from a warm surface.
R-value
The tested insulation value which is used to calculate the
U-factor. "R" is the resistance to heat flow.
Solar radiation
The sun's energy that comes to earth in the form of direct,
diffuse, and reflected rays.
U-factor
The number of Btus which pass through one square foot of
solid in one hour if there is a one degree Fahrenheit
difference between the two sides. Used to express heat
transmission. The reciprocal of "R-value" (U=1/R).
Page E.3
Glossary TeliSolar
Page E.4
#E#4SERVICE INFORMATION#5
#4#5#F
Product Registration
Product Warranty
The Tesseract Product Upgrade Plan entitles you you one free
version upgrade using the enclosed "REDEMPTION COUPON". Simply
provide the product Version Number and Serial Number in the space
provided and return it to Tesseract Enterprises Limited for the
latest version of the product. This is a once only offer.
Subsequent version upgrades may be purchased at a fraction of the
original price, commensurate with the nature of the revision.
Name: __________________________________________
Address: _______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Firm: __________________________________________
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Comments:
Service Information TeliSolar
TeliSolar Service Information
Product Evaluation
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
(Cut along dotted line)
R E D E M P T I O N C O U P O N
This coupon is good for one free version update for the
Teli/Solar package by Tesseract Enterprises Limited. When this
coupon is returned by a registered owner of the Teli/Solar
package, the latest version of the package will be sent to the
person(s) sending in this coupon absolutely free of charge.
Did the error : 1. Halt the program and print an error message
or 2. Cause incorrect results?
Does the error always occur or does the error only occur under
certain conditions? __________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Computer : ___________________________________________________
Version of DOS : ______________________________________________
#GGlossary.................................................. E.1#H
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