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ii. NH4+ using Sodium Hydroxide solution and identifying the Ammonia evolved
iii. Cu2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+ using Sodium Hydroxide solution
Flame tests
Cation
Li+
Na+
Flame
Red
Orange
Cation
K+
Ca2+
Flame
Lilac
Yellow-red
Cation
NH4+
Cu2+
Fe2+
Fe3+
Test
Test result
Add aqueous Sodium Hydroxide and warm, Red litmus turns blue indicating presence of
test the gas given off with damp red Litmus Ammonia
paper
Light blue precipitate, soluble in excess
Green precipitate, soluble in excess
Add aqueous Sodium Hydroxide
Red-brown precipitate, soluble in excess
For the Cu2+, Fe2+and Fe3+ tests, find the name the precipitate by writing a balanced chemical
equation for each test. Assume each salt is a Sulphate. The starting chemicals for the first
equation have been given.
2.
Precipitate =
Precipitate =
3.
Precipitate =
Halide ions - Cl, Br and I, using dilute Nitric Acid and Silver Nitrate solution
ii
Sulphate - SO42, using dilute Hydrochloric Acid and Barium Chloride solution
iii Carbonate -CO32, using dilute Hydrochloric Acid and identifying the Carbon
Dioxide evolved
anion
ClBrISO42CO32-
Test
Acidify with dilute Nitric acid, then add aqueous Silver Nitrate
Acidify with dilute Nitric acid, then add aqueous Silver Nitrate
Acidify with dilute Nitric acid, then add aqueous Silver Nitrate
Acidify with Hydrochloric acid, then add aqueous Barium Chloride
Add dilute acid, test gas produced with Lime-water
test result
White precipitate
Cream precipitate
Yellow precipitate
White precipitate
Bubbles of Carbon Dioxide
For the Cl-, Br -and I- tests, find the name the precipitate by writing a chemical equation for each
test. Assume each salt is a sodium salt. The starting chemical for the first equation has been
given.
Precipitate =
2.
Precipitate =
3.
Precipitate =
3. Gases
2.40 describe simple tests for the gases Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon
Dioxide, Ammonia, Chlorine.
Gas
Test
Test result
Hydrogen (H2)
Lighted splint
Squeaky pop
Oxygen (O2)
Glowing splint
Relights
Ammonia (NH3)
Turns blue
Chlorine (Cl2)
ii. NH4+ using Sodium Hydroxide solution and identifying the Ammonia evolved
iii. Cu2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+ using Sodium Hydroxide solution
Flame tests
Cation
Li+
Na+
Flame
Red
Orange
Cation
K+
Ca2+
Flame
Lilac
Yellow-red
Cation
NH4+
Cu2+
Fe2+
Fe3+
Test
Test result
Add aqueous Sodium Hydroxide and warm, Red litmus turns blue indicating presence of
test the gas given off with damp red Litmus Ammonia
paper
Light blue precipitate, soluble in excess
Green precipitate, soluble in excess
Add aqueous Sodium Hydroxide
Red-brown precipitate, soluble in excess
For the Cu2+, Fe2+and Fe3+ tests, find the name the precipitate by writing a balanced chemical
equation for each test. Assume each salt is a Sulphate. The starting chemicals for the first
equation have been given.
Precipitate =
2.
Precipitate =
3.
Precipitate =
Halide ions - Cl, Br and I, using dilute Nitric Acid and Silver Nitrate solution
ii
Sulphate - SO42, using dilute Hydrochloric Acid and Barium Chloride solution
iii Carbonate -CO32, using dilute Hydrochloric Acid and identifying the Carbon
Dioxide evolved
anion
ClBrISO42CO32-
Test
Acidify with dilute Nitric acid, then add aqueous Silver Nitrate
Acidify with dilute Nitric acid, then add aqueous Silver Nitrate
Acidify with dilute Nitric acid, then add aqueous Silver Nitrate
Acidify with Hydrochloric acid, then add aqueous Barium Chloride
Add dilute acid, test gas produced with Lime-water
test result
White precipitate
Cream precipitate
Yellow precipitate
White precipitate
Bubbles of Carbon Dioxide
For the Cl-, Br -and I- tests, find the name the precipitate by writing a chemical equation for each
test. Assume each salt is a sodium salt. The starting chemical for the first equation has been
given.
Precipitate =
5
2.
Precipitate =
3.
Precipitate =
3. Gases
2.40 describe simple tests for the gases Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon
Dioxide, Ammonia, Chlorine.
Gas
Hydrogen (H2)
Oxygen (O2)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Ammonia (NH3)
Chlorine (Cl2)
Test
Lighted splint
Glowing splint
Bubble through Lime-water
Damp red Litmus paper
Damp red/blue Litmus paper
Test result
Squeaky pop
Relights
Milky white precipitate
Turns blue
Turns red then bleaches