GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
GADJAH MADA UNIVERSITY

Applied Hydrogeology
ASSINGMENT

Lecturer: Dr. Doni Prakasa Eka Putra

Prepared by :Mr. Ratha PHOK

Problems
Problem 16. The following data are from the pumping test where a well was pumped at a rate of
200 gal per minute. Drawdown as shown was measured in an observation well 250 ft from the
pumped well. The geologists log of the well is as follows:
0-23 ft
23-77 ft
77-182 ft
182-217 ft
217-221 ft

Glacial till, brown, clayey

Dolomite, fractured
Shale, black, dense
Sandstone, well-cemented, coarse
Shale, gray, limy

Elapsed Time (min)

0
1
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
5
6
8
10
12
14
18
24
30
40
50
60
80
100
120
150
180
210
240

Drawdown (ft)
0.00
0.66
0.87
0.99
1.11
1.21
1.36
1.49
1.59
1.75
1.86
1.97
2.08
2.20
2.36
2.49
2.65
2.78
2.88
3.04
3.16
3.28
3.42
3.51
3.61
3.67

A steel well casing was cemented to a depth of 182 ft and the well was extended as an open
boring past that point.
A. Plot the time-drawdown data on 3x5 cycle logarithmic paper. Use the Theis type curve to
find the aquifer transmissivity and storativity.
B. Replot the data on four-cycle semilogarithmic paper. Use the Cooper-Jacob straight-line
method to find the aquifer transmissivity and storativity.

Problem17. A test well was drilled to a total depth of 117 ft with the following geologists log:
0-73 ft
Coarse sand
73-82 ft
Clayey sand
82-117 ft
Coarse sand
117 ft
Crystalline bedrock
The depth to water was 55 ft. The test well was screened from 82 to 117 ft. It was pumped at a
rate of 560 gal/min. Drawdown was measured in an observation well that was also screened from
82 to 117 ft and was located 82 ft away from the pumping well. The following time-drawdown
data were obtained:
Elapsed Time (min)
Drawdown (ft)
0
0.00
1
0.90
2
2.15
3
3.05
4
3.64
5
4.07
6
4.52
7
4.74
8
5.02
9
5.21
10
5.53
15
5.72
20
5.97
30
6.12
40
6.20
50
6.25
60
6.27
90
6.29
120
6.29
A. Plot the time-drawdown data on 3x5 cycle logarithmic paper. Compute the value of the
storativity and transmissivity of the aquifer using the graphical method of leaky aquifers.
Find the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the confined layer.
B. Compute the value of aquifer storativity and transmissivity of the aquifer using the
Hantush inflection-point method.

Solution
Problem16.

Confined Aquifer:
A. Plot the time-drawdown
drawdown data on 3x5 cycle logarithmic paper. Use the Theis type curve to
find the aquifer transmissivity and storativity:

Theis Method

Time-Drawdown

Drawdown in feet

100.00

10.00

Match Point
1.00

0.10
0.1

10

100

1000

10000

Time (minutes)

The field data are plotted on logarithmic paper (Figure above). The field data graph is then
placed upon the type curve graph (Theis curve). The following match point is obtained:

W(u) = 2 ; 1/u = 10 (=> u = 0.1) ; ho h = 1.2 ft ; t = 2.4 min

First, time must be converted to days.
t = 2.4 min x 1/1440 d/min = 1.66 x 10-3 d
Next the pumping rate of 200 gal/min must be converted to ft3/d.
200 gal/min 1/7.48 ft  /gal 1440 min/d = 38502.67 ft  /d
Transmissivity is found from Equation:
T=


 !

Wu!

; (s = ho - h)

38502.67 ft  /d
2
T=
4 1.2 ft
T = 5109.16 ft & /d

Thus,

T = 5109.16 ft2/d

Storativity is found from Equation:

S=

4Tut
r&

4 5109.16 ft & /d 0.1 1.66 10  d

S=
250 ft!&
S = 5.4 10

Thus,

S = 5.4 x 10-5

B. Replot the data on four-cycle semilogarithmic paper.Use the Cooper-Jacob straight-line

method to find the aquifer transmissivity and storativity:

Cooper-Jacob Method
T = (2.3Q)/(4 s')
S = (2.25Tt0) /r2

to = 0.4 min

Time-Drawdown

0.00

Drawdown in feet

1.00

2.00

(ho - h) = 1.38 ft

3.00

4.00
0.1

10

100

1000

10000

Time (minutes)

The field data are plotted on semilogarithmic paper (Figure above). A straight line is fit to the
later time data and expended back to the drawdown axis. The value of to is 0.4 min, and the
drawdown per log cycle of time is 1.38 ft.
First, to must be converted to day.
t *  0.4 min  1/1440 d/min  0.27  10

The pumping rate has already determined to be 38502.67 ft3/day. Substituting into Equation, we
can find the transmissivity:
T
T

&.
 !

; (s = ho - h)

2.3  38502.67 ft  /day

4   1.38 ft

T = 5109.16 ft & /d

Thus,

- = ./01. /2 34 5 /6

The storativity can be found by the relation:

S=
S=

2.25Tt *
r&

2.25 5109.16 ft & /d 0.27 10  d

250 ft!&
S = 4.9 10 )

Thus,

7 = 8. 1 /0 .

Problem17.

Leaky Aquifer:
A. Plot the time-drawdown data on 3x5 cycle logarithmic paper. Compute the value of the
storativity and transmissivity of the aquifer using the graphical method of leaky aquifers.
Find the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the confined layer:

Walton Method:
-

9
>?, A/B!
8:;< = ;!
7

8-?4
A5

Time-Drawdown

Drawdown in feet

100

10

0.1
0.1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

Time (minutes)

First a plot of drawdown as a function of time must be made. This is shown in the Figure above.
The time match-point values are:
W(u, r/B) = 1
1/u = 10; u = 0.1
ho h = 3 ft
t = 6.5 min
r/B = 0.4

Next we must convert gallons per minute to cubic feet per day and time in minute to time in
days.
Q  560 gal/min 1/7.48 ft  /gal 1440 min/d  107807.48 ft  /d
ti = 6.5 min x 1/1440 d/min = 0.0045 d
The match-point values, Q and r, are substituted into Equation, we can get the transmissivity:
T
T

Thus,

Q
Wu, r/B!
4hE h!

107807.48 ft  /d
1  2861.132 ft & /d
4 3 ft

-  5G2/. /H5 34 5 /6

The storativity can be found through the relation:

S
S

4Tut
r&

4 2861.132 ft & /d 0.1 0.0045 d

82 ft!&
S  76 10

Thus,

7  I2  /0 .

B. Compute the value of aquifer storativity and transmissivity of the aquifer using the
Hantush inflection-point method:

Hantush Method:

Time-Drawdown
0

mi = (ho - h)/log cycle = 4.65

Drawdown in feet

(ho - h)i = ((ho - h) max)/2 = 3.15 ft

ti = 3.2 min

(ho h) max = 6.3 ft

7
1

10

100

1000

10000

Time (minutes)

Check the graphical solution for the time drawdown data found in the table above by using the
Hantush inflection point method. The pumping rate is 560 gal/min, and the radial distance is 82
ft. The table data are plotted on semilogarithmic paper (Figure above). The following values are
obtained from the graph:
(ho - h)max = 6.3 ft
(ho - h)i = 3.15 ft
ti = 3.2 min
mi = 4.65 ft
First convert ti in minutes to ti in days.
ti = 3.2 min x 1/1440 d/min = 0.0022 d

Next we must convert the pumping rate to ft3/d.

560 gal/min 1/7.48 ft  /gal 1440 min/d  107807.48 ft  /d
By using the Equation: fr/B!  2.3hE h!/mJ
fr/B!  2.3 3.15 ft!/4.65 ft!  1.55
We know that fr/B!  exp r/B!K E r/B!; therefore, exp r/B!K E r/B!  1.55. Visual of this
function are tabulated in the table below, a portion of which is reproduced here. The value of
exp r/B!K E r/B!, which is 1.55, falls between 1.59 and 1.52.
Ko(x)
1.01
0.92

x
0.45
0.50

exp(x)Ko(x)
1.59
1.52

If we interpolate between these two lines, we obtain these values:

x

Ko(x)

exp(x)Ko(x)

0.47

0.95

1.55

This gives us a value for K E r/B! of 0.95 and for r/B! of 0.47. If r/B!  0.47 and r = 82 ft,
then B = (82 ft)/(0.47) = 174.46 ft.
Knowing the value of f(r/B), the function tables may be used to find the value of r/B, since f(x) =
exp(x)Ko(x). Since r is known, the value of B may be easy found.
The transmissivity may be found from the relation:
T

QK E r/B!
2hE h!OPQ

Substituting these values into the Equation, we can obtain:

T

107807.48
0.95
2 6.3

T  2588.64 ft & /d

Thus,

-  5.GG. 28 34 5 /6

The storativity may be found from the Equation:

S

4t J T
2rB

S

4 0.0022 d 2588.64 ft & /d

2 82 ft 174.46 ft
S  79 10

Thus,

7  I1 /0