English 101

6/10/2014
Unit 1 English for IT
Unit 1. The Digital Age
freedigitalphotos.net
Think about
"I see no reason why anyone would want a computer in their home"
Kenneth Olsen (1926 - 2011), President of Digital Equipment, 1977
"Computers in the future will weigh no more than 1.5 tons"
Source unknown. Quoted in Popular Mechanics 1950
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Overview
Estos son los objetivos y contenidos de esta unidad
OBJETIVOS
Usar correctamente las estructuras estudiadas en la unidad
Redactar frases usando el orden de las palabras correctamente
Usar correctamente frases nominales, conectores y vocabulario bsico de la unidad
Entender expresiones sencillas para manuales, y guas de usuario
Traducir frases sencillas sobre lo estudiado en la unidad
Entender vdeos sencillos sobre el mundo del ordenador
CONTENIDOS
Gramtica
Orden de la frase
Sintagmas nominales
Premodificacin
Imperativos
Infinitivo con TO
Vocabulario
Prefijos
Iconos en un ordenador
Vocabulario en un email
Ingls americano
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Log on
Reading
English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is different from English as a Second
Language (ESL), also known as General English:
The main difference lies in the goal of the learners; ESP students are usually
adults who have already been studying English for several years and now want to
learn the skills they need to communicate in a certain professional field and to
carry out particular job-related purposes.
ESP concentrates more on language in context than on teaching grammar and
language structures. It covers subjects varying from medical English or computer
science to financial and business management. English must be taught as a
subject integrated in the students' real world (or wishes); it is integrated into a
subject matter area important to the learners: their careers; in short, ESP is
designed to meet the specific needs of the learners.
While in ESL the four language skills (listening, reading, speaking, and writing)
are equally necessary, in ESP a previous analysis is needed to determine which
language skills have to be focused, and so the syllabus will be designed
accordingly. An ESP program, may, for example, emphasize the reading skills in
students who are preparing for business administration; or it may stress the
development of spoken skills in students who are to become tourist guides.
You, as an ICT student, will have to:
know vocabulary related to area
understand texts such as: users guides, handbooks, informative emails...
produce texts related to ICT
be able to communicate in your particular job-related situation.
Photo:freedigitalphotos.net
Make sure :
you understand the difference between ESP and ESL.
you have reached the required command of General English
you know the meaning of the words in bold
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Content 1. The computer age

Reading
THE COMPUTER AGE
We have heard much about the worlds entrance into the Computer
Age. The Information Age, also known as the Computer Age or
Digital Age, has to do with the possibility and ability of individuals
to transfer information freely, and to have instant access to
information. This was difficult or impossible to achieve not too long
ago.
Both the computer and the internet have certainly hit our society
and the world as well. And this trend will continue in unpredictable
ways. It has already revolutionized everything from sales to
medicine, business and teaching. Web sites are all around. Even the
world economy has changed radically in the last decades.
But this is not for free. Businesses which are not updated will not
survive. Among individuals, many of the new poor are those who
lack computer skills. Others have simply been left behind, confused,
misinformed, unwilling or unable to accept the changes. On the
other hand, computers and the web have undoubtedly expanded
the horizons of those who have learned to use them and choose
to do so.
FreeDigitalPhotos.net
Answer these questions:

1. What does the expression "Digital Age" mean?
2. What is the future of the people who are computer-illiterate?
PREFIXES
In the text there are some words in italics. They all have a prefix. Prefixes are very useful because you can learn new words simply by
adding the meaning of the prefix to the meaning of the root word.
These are the most common prefixes for ICT English:
PREFIX
MEANING
EXAMPLES
de
the opposite of, the reverse of
debug, decode
dis
opposite action
disagree, disconnect
en
to form verbs
enlarge, enable
extra
outside, another one
extranet
fore
the front, before
forecast, forecheck
full
whole, greatest degree
full-screen, full-volume
hand
by a person, with your hands
handbook, hand-made
ill
badly
ill-paid, ill-equipped
inter
between
internet, interface
intra
within
intranet
mis
done wrongly
misinform, misunderstand
micro
small
microchip, microcircuit
nano
extremely small
nanobot, nanotechnology
non
privation, negation, lack of
non-profit, non-productive
over
too much
overclock. overwork
pre
before
preindustrial, pre-established
re
again
restart, restore, rewrite
self
by oneself
self-assessment, self-educated
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semi
half, partly
semibold
super
large, better, more important
supersize, supervise
tele
distant, at a distance
telecommunication, teleconference
un
the opposite, not true
undo, uninstall
under
not enough
undergraduate, underline, underrate
up
to form verbs
upload, update, upgrade
A step ahead
Don't forget that prefixes of size are used in units of memory: megahertz, gigabyte...
Internet-related prefixes include: e-, i-, cyber-, info-, techno- and net-. Additonally the adjective virtual is often used in a similar manner.
E-, standing for the word electronic, is used in terms such as: e-mail, e-book. It is used to describe the electronic form of an preexisting entity
Cyber-, to denote control (electronic or remote) of the word it precedes. Cybernauta, cybercaf
Virtual means "nearly," "almost" or "simulated." To denote not the actual or real version of the word: virtual reality, virtual friend.
These prefixes are productive: they are added to almost everything nowadays
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Processing.1
Exercise
Translate these sentences:
1. Unplug the laptop if it is not to be used for a long period of time

2. Buy a power pack which enables you to turn off your computer devices with the flick of a switch
3. Tele-shopping is becoming more and more popular
4. Computer-illiterate people will have problems in finding a job
5. I am not very fond of e-books, I prefer ordinary books
6. There is a new police department in charge of pursuing cyber-crime
7. Undergraduates are expected to have a good command of both English and Spanish
8. You have to foresee your needs when buying a computer
9. Users can re-edit the document whenever they want
10. The new version will be automatically updated
Exercise
Guess the meaning of the following prefixed words:
WORD
TRANSLATION
WORD
debug
decode
enlarge
forecheck
forecast
full-screen
handbook
ill-equipped
interface
misunderstanding
non-profit
overlap
overwork
rewrite
self-assessment
undo
TRANSLATION
Submit
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Content 2. Word order

WORD ORDER
When we read or write in English we have to take into account how to build correctly ordered sentences. Word order is very important in
English; but it is not complicated, and can be reduced to a few basic rules or principles.
Most English sentences follow the SVO (Subject + Verb + Object) word order. Every sentence must have a subject and a verb. There may
be other parts in the sentence.
The basic order is in declarative sentences is:
Subject
Verb
Object
Place
Time
We
bought
a computer
in PC City
yesterday
REMEMBER:
Frequency adverbs often come before the main verb. If it is not an auxiliary verb.
"Students often have lunch at the canteen"
"Students are often at the canteen at lunch time"
The indirect object follows the direct object when it is used with the preposition to.
The indirect object comes in front of the direct object if to is omitted
"Helen never sends messages to me"
"She never sends me messages"
Time expressions can come at the beginning or end of the sentence
"Every year thousands of visitors come to our town"
Exercise
Correct the following sentences:
1. We visited often that website last week

2. In the USA I want to work
3. A new tablet I m going to buy next week
4. Doesn't work the computer mouse.
5. we now are answering the questions
6. To the library I will take the book today
7. They wrote last week at school a test
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Content 2.1. Noun phrases

NOUN PHRASES
Noun phrases ( group of words in which the nucleus is a noun) play an important role in the construction of a sentence. They can be
particularly long and difficult in IT English but without knowledge of noun phrases, learners could not produce or understand
comprehensible sentences. The words that complete the noun can be placed before (premodification) or after (postmodification) the main
noun.
Noun phrases I
A. PREMODIFICATION. Noun premodification happens when one or more words (normally either adjectives, or other nouns as we have
seen above) are placed in front of a noun, to describe (adjectivize) or define the noun. A simple example would be:
"...a portable computer..."
The noun is computer, and the premodifier (an adjective, in this case) is portable.
A. 1. ADJECTIVES. You already know that adjectives always come before nouns in English.
Examples: operating system / unknown user / encrypted mail
Study the table below with more examples of nouns premodified by adjectives
automatic
processing
proceso
automtico
available time
tiempo disponible
basic icons
iconos bsicos
central processing
proceso central
central unit
unidad central
cheap hardware
hardware barato
current application
aplicacin en uso
decimal tab
tabulador decimal
deleted file
fichero borrado
digital signature
firma digital
executable
programs
programas
ejecutables
full screen
pantalla completa
new folder
nueva carpeta
pasting command
orden de pegar
programming
language
lenguaje
programacin
public domain
de
pblico
rough copy
copia en borrador
secure server
servidor seguro
shopping cart
carro
de
compra
smart phone
telfono inteligente
stored data
datos almacenados
dominio
la
de
Exercise
Translate the following noun phrases:
antivirus
program
complex
transfer
detachable
keyboard
dynamic linking
electronic mail
empty drive
encrypted mail
erasable disk
hard disk
instant
information
junk email
lengthy
calculations
operating
system
outgoing
messages
peripheral
devices
popular
quick launch
recommended
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application
temporary
storage
website
tiltable screen
unauthorized
access
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Content 2.2. Noun phrases II

Noun Phrases II
A. 2. NOUNS
Nouns can modify other nouns. It is very common in everyday English; for example: bus stop / maths teacher / orange juice, etc.
You already know that the word order to understand these expressions is usually from right to left:
STRUCTURE
EXAMPLE
TRANSLATE
Noun + Noun
Home page
Pgina de inicio
2nd
1st
Noun + Noun + Noun Error list code Cdigo de la lista de errores

3rd
2nd
1st
These phrases can also be modified by an adjective

STRUCTURE
Adjective + Noun + Noun
2nd
3rd
TRANSLATE
Full resource utilization
Uso completo del recurso
Hard disk drive
Drive del disco duro
1st
Adjective + Noun + Noun

3rd
EXAMPLE
2nd
1st
Examples of these noun phrases:

alphanumeric
key
teclado
alfanumrico
automatic
processing
file transfer
transferencia
ficheros
de
message
heading
encabezado
mensaje
de
security
standards
nivel de seguridad
data
procesamiento automtico
de datos
dialog box
cuadro de dilogo
graphics card
tarjeta grfica
ink jet printer
impresora de chorro
de tinta
real time simulation
simulacin en tiempo real
search engine
buscador
touch screen
pantall tctil
word
processing
operator
procesador de texto
Exercise
Translate the following noun phrases:
control panel
delay time
direction keys
data storage
data file manager
internet provider
mouse pad
laser jet printer
online
discussion
forum
power failure
random
memory
text file names
single
stream
type style
data
access
web address
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Content 2.3. Noun phrases III

Noun Phrases III
A. 3. HYPHENATED TERMS
To check whether a compound noun is two words, one word, or hyphenated, you may need to look it up in the dictionary. If you can't find
the word in the dictionary, treat the noun as separate words.
Generally, hyphenate two or more adjectives when they come before a noun and act as a single idea.
Examples:
friendly-looking man - (compound adjective in front of a noun)
friendly little girl - (not a compound adjective)
brightly lit room - (Brightly is an adverb describing lit,
REMEMBER:
When written as words, fractions and cardinal numbers consisting of two words are hyphenated.
Examples: twenty-three, twenty-fifth, one-fourth, two-thirds.
Hyphenate words prefixed by ex-, self-, or all-, and some words prefixed by cross-.
Watch out: they are always used in singular: a seventeen-inch screen - Low-frequency radio signals
Very often they are translated into Spanish using the preposition "de"
a seventeen-inch screen: una pantalla de diecisiete pulgadas
Low-frequency radio signals: seales de radio de baja frecuencia
Examples of hyphenated words
a four-row table
una tabla de cuatro filas
on-line devices
dispositivos online
user-friendly
program
programa adaptado
al usuario
high-level
computer language
lenguaje
programacin
nivel
low-frequency
radio signals
seales de radio de
baja frecuencia
full-time
assignment
funcin a
completo
de
de
alto
tiempo
Exercise
Translate these hyphenated words:
a
ten-column
chart
one-dimension
array
real-time
processing
high-speed
storage
off-line operation
on-line
auction
run-time error
message
data-processing
programmer
user-defined
function
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Content 3. Instructions I
Instructions I
We use imperatives of verbs:
when we don't know how to use some equipment, how to work with certain computer applications or we need instructions or
explanations
For example:
Open the file!
Close that window!
Press intro!
Don't delete this document!
Exercise
Read the instructions to install a SIM card in a tablet.
1.- Underline the imperatives
Installing the SIM card
To install a SIM card, do the following:
1. Turn off the tablet by pressing the power button for a few seconds, and then touch OK from the
Power off menu.
2. Open the SIM card slot cover and locate the SIM card slot. To locate the SIM card slot, see "Tablet
layout" on page 1.
3. Hold the SIM card with the metal contacts facing down and pointing toward the tablet, and then insert
it firmly into the SIM card slot until you hear a click.
4. Close the SIM card slot cover and restart your tablet.
To remove a SIM card, do the following:
1. Turn off the tablet by pressing the power button for a few seconds, and then touch OK from the
Power off menu.
2. Locate the SIM card slot and open the SIM card slot cover. To locate the SIM card slot, see "Tablet
layout" on page 1.
3. Push the SIM card inward and then release it. The SIM card ejects. Gently slide the SIM card out of
the slot.
freedititalphotos.net
2.- Translate the imperatives in the instructions

3.- Answer the following questions about the instructions:
a. How do you turn off the tablet?
b. How can you locate the SIM card slot?
c. How do you know you have inserted the card properly?
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Content 3.1. Instructions II

Instructions II
Other expressions
Sometimes instructions can be more detailed, in this case expressions such as first, second, after that, then, next, finally, you begin by...,
make sure that..., the last step is ..., all you have to do is ..., are quite common.
Examples:
Downloading games and applications
To extend the functionality of your tablet, you begin by downloading and installing additional applications from Android Market
To receive a file from a connected Bluetooth device, do the following:
First, send the file to your tablet through Bluetooth from the connected Bluetooth device, then, for more detailed instructions on how to
send a file, all you have to do is consulting the documentation that came with the connected Bluetooth device.
Self-assessment
Read the paragraph below and fill in the missing expressions. Choose from the ones in the box:
first
while
make sure that
then
finally
to ensure
when
Handwriting a note in an electronic reader

Notes
writing,
you are not touching another area on the screen this could affect the notes that you
write with the stylus or your finger.

your notes are correctly saved, do not handwrite notes too close to the edge of the screen.
If you experience difficulties
handwriting or drawing on your Reader:
, avoid applying excessive pressure to the screen.
, try not to handwrite or draw too quickly.
and,
, remember that the notes functionality is not designed for very detailed drawings or for writing small characters.
Submit
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Content 4. To Infinitive
TO INFINITIVE
Read these sentences and translate them:
To configure the synchronization settings for a Google Account, do the following:...
To synchronize your accounts with your tablet manually, do the following ...
... follow the instructions on the screen to reset your password.
Select or clear the check box for an item to change the synchronization settings
... slide your finger left or right horizontally to view the other Home screens.
Launch your favorite e-book reader to read books, magazines, etc.
The most common structure to express purpose in texts
related to IT English is: TO + INFINITIVE, translated into
Spanish as: PARA + INFINITIVO
Exercise
Read the text and answer the questions
1. List three imperatives expressing instructions
How to use a multitouch screen.
Touch
Tap gently on the screen with your fingertip to launch an application, select an item, open a menu, or type text using the onscreen keyboard.
Touch and hold
Touch and hold an object or a blank area on the screen until an action occurs.
Drag
To move an item such as an image and an icon on the screen, touch and hold your finger on the item, move your finger to the desired
location, and then take your finger off the screen.
Swipe or slide
Move your finger in a vertical or horizontal direction on the screen to scroll through Home screens, Web pages, lists, picture thumbnails, and
so on.
Zoom
Zoom out: Move two fingers close together on the screen as if you are picking something up to reduce the view of an image or a Web
page.
Zoom in: Move two fingers apart on the screen to enlarge the view of an image or a Web page.
Double-tap
For some applications, quickly tap twice on the screen to zoom in. Double-tap again to zoom out.
2. What should you tap gently on the screen with your fingertip for?
3. What do you have to do to move an item on the screen?
4. Why do you have to tap quickly twice on the screen?
Make sure you understand the text. Ask your teacher for any difficulties you might find
THE -ING FORM

The -ing form of a verb can be used as a noun. In these cases in Spanish we use a noun or an infinitive:
Surfing the net can be a very interesting activity (Navegar por internet)
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Used as a noun can be the subject, object, complement of a sentence or object of a preposition
Programming can be complicated (subject)

I like shopping on line (object)
One of my hobbies is reading scientific magazines (complement) REMEMBER other uses of the -ing form:
1- After prepositions.
He walked away without looking back
John is good at working as a team
2- We have to use the -ing form after certain verbs and expressions: avoid, be/get used to, can't help, can't stand,
don't mind, enjoy, feel like, finish, imagine, look forward to, miss, practise, suggest.
I enjoy travelling
I feel like working in shifts
Check
Check the nominal use of the -ing form in the index of this user's guide:
Annotations and Clippings..
Using Bookmarks
Placing a Bookmark
Viewing Your Bookmarks
Removing a Bookmark
Using Highlights
Highlighting a Passage
Deleting a Highlight
Displaying Popular Highlights in Your Books
Displaying Public Notes in Your Books
Viewing Popular Highlights or Public Notes in a Book
Updating Popular Highlights in a Book
Using Notes
Viewing Your Annotations
Using Clippings
More About My Clippings
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Content 5. The history of the computer

Reading
Read the text about the history of the computer. Pay attention to connectors
The first computer was designed by Babbage, an English mathematician in 1822. It was enormous and it weighed three tons! Besides, for
each calculation, you had to turn a handle hundreds of times! As a result, it was very slow. However, it was more precise than a modern
calculator.
In 1857, a new system of keeping and transmitting information appeared: information was stored on long pieces of paper with holes in them.
Then, Hollerith computers could "read" these pieces of paper. This system was very successful, so it lasted until the 1960s.
Later, the invention of transistors and microchips in the 1950s and 60s changed computer design: they became much smaller and cheaper.
The first "modern" computer, with a screen and keyboard, appeared in 1975.
We know computers have changed the world. In a short time, who knows what changes we'll witness?
Which is which? Label the images

Babbage computer
Hollerith machine
1950s computer
"modern" computer
recursostic.educacion.es
photo-gratis.com
Connectors
Connectors are very important in writing and reading. They connect ideas, so you can infer the idea that comes next simply by
understanding the connector. Connectors can express:
CONTRAST
ADDITION
CONDITION
SEQUENCE
REASON/RESULT
GIVE EXAMPLES
although
besides
if
first
as a result
for example
however
as well as
unless
then
due to
that is to say
in spite of
moreover
provided
finally
as a consequence
such as
even though
also
otherwise
later
so
for instance
Exercise
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Exercise
Translate the following sentences. What does the connector in each one express?
1. Unless an authorized user accesses, data will be deleted
2. Although security standards have increased, viruses are quite common
3. First of all, you should think about what you will be using the computer for when buying one
4.You can buy anything online. Moreover, shipping is often included in the price
5. Due to a sudden blackout, he lost all the information
6. However, people who send spam or viruses by email do not want other people to know who they are, otherwise they will be stopped.
7. So they change their email addresses to make it look as if they were sent by someone else.
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Vocabulary
You have to learn a lot of vocabulary related to IT. It can be a hard task, so you should try to learn the new words as they come along.
Exercise
Have a look at the icons below. You have seen them on your computer many times. Can you match them with their terms in English?
Copy
File
Home
At
Restart
Delete
Internet
Print
Desktop
Warning
Cut
Window
Mail
Click
Paste
Save
Search
Help
Close
Spam
Network places
User account
My computer
Recycle bin
Open folder
Scroll up/down
Shut down
Check
Make sure you know all the words and expressions of an email in English
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Practice
Exercise
What can we do with a computer?
Here are some useful verbs related to using a computer. You probably know most of them
click
type
(in)
insert
execute
upload
drag
format
delete
align
scan
scroll
(up/down)
browse
minimize
zoom in
back
up
maximize
restore
save
boot
exit
print
press
release
pop out
sign up
drop
tab
(down)
attach
set up
register
slide
edit
install
plug in
update
run
search
send
log in
create
Exercise
Find the correct verb
1. To
is to move the text (up or down) to see the different parts of a document
2. To
is to move a block of text with the mouse to a different position
3. To
is to enter a computer by giving username and password
4. To
means to appear suddenly; for instance a new window
5. To
is to change (online text) on a computer or word processor
6. To
7. To
8. To
is to move along a touch screen while maintaining continuous contact with it

is to remove or erase text
is to replace (a window) on a computer display with a small button or icon which will restore the window when
selected
9. To
10. To
is to store (data) in a computer or on a storage device

to make a program work
Submit
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Practice
A step ahead
AMERICAN ENGLISH (AmE)
Although English has become the unofficial international language of the world (Mandarin-Chinese is spoken by more people but English is
by far the most widespread of the world's languages), it is common knowledge that there are two varieties of English:
British English (BrE)
American English (AmE)
And despite the many cross-cultural influences, it seems that the vocabularies, spellings and pronunciations of these two varieties of the
same language are diverging year by year.
It is important to take into account that in IT English, you will always deal with American English.
The major differences are in vocabulary and spelling.
British English American English
centre
center
dialler
dialer
analyser
analyzer
disc
disk
dialogue
dialog
programme
program
colour
color
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Extra Practice
Exercise
How to connect an ebook reader to a Wi-Fi network
Your Kindle can connect to Wi-Fi networks or hotspots that use the 802.11b or 802.11g standard. Kindle does not connect to enterprise or
ad-hoc Wi-Fi networks (networks that allow peer-to-peer connections without a wireless access point). Keep in mind that you must be within
range of one or more Wi-Fi networks in order to connect to one.
To connect to a Wi-Fi network, follow these steps:
1. Press the Home button, then press the Menu button.
2. Navigate to "Settings" by moving the 5-way controller down, then press the 5-way controller to
select.
3. Select "view" next to "Wi-Fi Settings" to display a list of detected Wi-Fi networks. You may have
to wait a moment as your Kindle detects networks in range. Kindle automatically scans for available
Wi-Fi networks at periodic intervals. To rescan for available networks at any time, select "rescan."
4. Select "connect" to connect to a network. If you see a lock symbol next to "connect", the
network requires a password to connect.
5. Enter the password (if required). Press the Symbol key to enter numbers or characters not present on the Kindle keyboard. You can
continue to use the keyboard while the Symbol menu is displayed.
6. Choose "submit." Kindle connects to the Wi-Fi network.
Once you're connected to a Wi-Fi network, Kindle automatically connects to it again whenever that network is in range. If more than one
previously used network is in range, your Kindle automatically connects to the network that was most recently used.
Once your Kindle connects to a Wi-Fi network, that network displays "forget" next to it in the list of available networks. Selecting "forget"
disconnects your Kindle from that Wi-Fi network and also prevents Kindle from automatically connecting to it in the future.
1. Translate the words in bald from the text
The underlined words are compounds.You can surely find the two "parts" of the word and infer the meaning. Anyway, you will have more
information about this in unit 2
Exercise
Decide if these sentences are True or False. Quote the evidence from the text
1. You press the Menu button before the Home button

True
False
2. Kindle detects Wi-Fi networks at random.

True
False
3. Kindle connects to the Wi-Fi network after pressing "submit"

True
False
4. Kindle automatically connects to the last network you used.

True
False
5. Selecting "forget" connects your Kindle to the Wi-Fi network .

True
False
Exercise
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Exercise
Translate these paragraphs
1. After removing the battery, insert the memory card into the lower left slot as designated by the circle in the picture. Be sure to have the
contacts aligned into their appropriate slots. (http://www.ifixit.com/Guide/Installing-Sony-Ericsson-W350a-Memory-Card/8595/1)
2. Obtaining Picasa requires that you have a Google account. If you do not have one, you can create one by visiting Google. Once there,
click the Sign in link and then select the Create an account now link below the sign in box. (http://www.brighthub.com/internet/google/articles/83442.aspx)
3. Check out this post from the iPad Word Processing blog if you are looking for Word for the iPad.
For a review of Android Word Processing applications visit AndroidWordProcessor.com.
And, don't forget to get an iPad Keyboard to use with your word processor.
(http://www.ipadwordprocessor.com/)
4. It has been over four years since the Atari 400/800 computers made their debut on the home computer scene. At first, there was very little
software. A few games and a couple of educational packages was about the extent of it. Those who had foresight recognized that the Atari
computers were state-of-the-art machines and began supplying software. (http://www.atarimagazines.com/creative/v10n1/98_Commander_Keyboard.php)
5. Most monitors today consist of a picture tube and electronic control circuitry which are used to transfer the signal to the screen. There are
some monitors that do not use a picture tube, but use electronics to display information. These monitors are more expensive and are not
usually very large, but are primarily used for smaller computers such as notebooks and laptop computers. We will not discuss the flat video
displays in this section at this point in time.
(http://www.comptechdoc.org/hardware/pc/begin/hwmonitor.html)
Find in the text an example of:

- the -ing form after a preposition
- two instructions
- the -ing form as a nominal case
- connectors expressing condition, sequence and contrast
- hyphenated term
- prefixed word
- noun phrase
- how to express purpose
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Videos
Watch this video and learn about cmputer basics
www.gcflearnfree.org
For further practice, follow this link and watch and listen to this video about computer basics
http://www.bbc.co.uk/webwise/courses/computer-basics/lessons/icons-and-windows/
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Curiosities
Petroglyph from the Bronze Age
The history of communication dates back to the earliest signs

of life. Communication can range from very subtle processes of
exchange, to full conversations and mass communication.
Human communication was revolutionized with speech perhaps
200,000 years ago. Symbols were developed about 30,000
years ago, and writing about 7,000. On a much shorter scale,
there have been major developments in the field of
telecommunication in the past few centuries
Banco de imgenes del ISFTIC
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Unit 1 English for IT

Unit 1. The Digital Age

Unit 1 English for IT

Unit 1 English for IT

Unit 1 English for IT

Content 1. The computer age

Answer these questions:

the opposite of, the reverse of

outside, another one

the front, before

whole, greatest degree

by a person, with your hands

privation, negation, lack of

restart, restore, rewrite

Unit 1 English for IT

large, better, more important

the opposite, not true

undergraduate, underline, underrate

upload, update, upgrade

Unit 1 English for IT

1. Unplug the laptop if it is not to be used for a long period of time

Unit 1 English for IT

Content 2. Word order

1. We visited often that website last week

Unit 1 English for IT

Content 2.1. Noun phrases

Unit 1 English for IT

Unit 1 English for IT

Content 2.2. Noun phrases II

Noun + Noun + Noun Error list code Cdigo de la lista de errores

These phrases can also be modified by an adjective

Full resource utilization

Uso completo del recurso

Hard disk drive

Drive del disco duro

Adjective + Noun + Noun

Examples of these noun phrases:

ink jet printer

real time simulation

simulacin en tiempo real

data file manager

laser jet printer

text file names

Unit 1 English for IT

Content 2.3. Noun phrases III

Examples of hyphenated words

una tabla de cuatro filas

Unit 1 English for IT

2.- Translate the imperatives in the instructions

Unit 1 English for IT

Content 3.1. Instructions II

make sure that

Handwriting a note in an electronic reader

write with the stylus or your finger.

handwriting or drawing on your Reader:

, avoid applying excessive pressure to the screen.

, try not to handwrite or draw too quickly.

Unit 1 English for IT

THE -ING FORM

Unit 1 English for IT

Programming can be complicated (subject)

Unit 1 English for IT

Content 5. The history of the computer