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Periodontal Ligament
Gingiva
The Periodontium
Gingiva
Periodontal
Ligament
Root Cementum
Alveolar Bone
(Alveolar Process)
Gingiva
Alveolar mucosa
Attached gingiva
Free gingiva
Interdental gingiva
Gingiva
Tissue covering the
cervical portions of the
teeth and the alveolar
processes of the jaws
Composed of thin outer
layer of epithelium and
an underlying core of
connective tissue
Provides a tissue seal
around the cervical
portions of the crowns
(gingival crevice)
Interdental gingiva
Papilla/Papillae
Col
Alveolar mucosa
Mucogingival junction
crevice)
Attached gingiva
Mucogingival junction
Alveolar mucosa
Facial papilla
Lingual papilla
area
Col
Proximal
contact area
Oral
epithelium
Gingival Epithelium
Oral epithelium faces
Junctional oral cavity on outer
epithelium surface of the free
gingiva and attached
gingiva
Sulcular epithelium
lines the gingival sulcus
Junctional epithelium
provides contact
between the gingiva and
the tooth. Often referred
to as the epithelial
attachment
Periodontal Ligament
Periodontal Ligament (PDL)
Layer of soft connective
tissue
Covers the root of the tooth
Attaches the root to the bone
of the tooth socket
Composed mainly of fiber
bundles
Fibers attach on one side to
the root cementum
Fibers attach on the other
side to the alveolar bone of
the tooth socket.
Periodontal Ligament
Functions of the Periodontal Ligament
Support - suspends and maintains the
tooth in its socket
Sensory - provides sensory feeling to
the tooth; pressure and pain sensations
Nutritive - provides nutrients to the
cementum and bone
Formative - builds and maintains
cementum and the alveolar bone of the
tooth socket
Resorptive - can remodel the alveolar
bone in response to pressure
Example: pressure applied
during orthodontic treatment
(braces)
Root Cementum
Root Cementum
Thin layer of hard,
mineralized connective
tissue
Covers tooth from the
cementoenamel junction
to, and around, apical
foramen
Overlies and is attached to
the dentin of the root
Periodontal ligament
attaches to the cementum
Root Cementum
Root Cementum
Light yellow in color
With normal gingival
position, it is not visible
but can be seen when
gingival recession is
present
Alveolar Bone
Alveola
r proce
Basal
ss
bone
Alveolar Bone
Function of Alveolar Bone
Forms the bony sockets
that provide support and
protection for the roots of
the teeth
one
Alveolar B
Alveolar Bone
Interradicular Bone
(multirooted teeth only)
Bone between the roots of
a multirooted tooth
Cortical bone
Supporting bone
Alveolar bone proper
Alveolus
Periosteum
Dehiscence
Cleft-like defect in the
cortical bone
Includes bone margin