A SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT

REPORT
ON
AIR CONDITIONING SECTION
SERVICE BLOCK
UNDERTAKEN
AT
KDMIPE, ONGC DEHRADUN

SUBMITTED TO:

SUBMITTED BY:

Mr. S.K. ARYA

ANKIT KUMAR

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I, Ankit Kumar of Graphic Era University, Dehradun,

(B.Tech Mechanical 4th year), would like to express my
sincere gratitude to my mentor Mr. S.K. Arya (C.E.
(Electrical)) who helped me complete my summer training at
K.D.M.I.P.E (O.N.G.C). Without his guidance, support and
help it would had been difficult for me to complete this
project.
I would also like to thank Mr. M.C. Paul (C.E. (Mechanical)),
Mr. D.S. Negi (C.E. (Mechanical)), Mr. Jagtar Singh (E.E.
(Electrical)) and Mr. B.S. Negi (Dy.S.E. (Mechanical)) who
also helped me understand the concepts in a broader fashion
and making this project successful.

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Ankit Kumar, a student of mechanical
engineering at Graphic Era University, Dehradun, has
successfully completed his summer training under my
guidance in partial fulfillment of his engineering curriculum.

Period of training 20.06.2014 to 19.07.2014

Project In charge
S.K Arya
C.E. (Electrical), K.D.M.I.P.E. (O.N.G.C.)
Dehradun.

INTRODUCTION

Summer Training is an integral part of any engineering

course. Not only does this provide the students with an
opportunity to interact with professionals in respective areas
of training but also helps in acquiring sufficient knowledge in
their respective fields. Keeping this objective in view, I,
student of Bachelor of Technology in mechanical, started
my training at K.D.M.I.P.E. (O.N.G.C.) from 23th June, 2014
which lasted till 19th July , 2014

SERVICE BLOCK - KDMIPE

(ONGC), DEHRADUN

The service block at KDMIPE deals with the power supply

system, air conditioning plant, pump house, UPS system that
are required for smooth running of various activities at
KDMIPE. The service block constitutes of various functional
blocks which are:
1. 33 KV Electric Sub-station
2. Captive power generation and distribution system
3. Air conditioning plant
4. A.C. Workshop

FUNCTIONS OF SERVICE BLOCK KDMIPE (ONGC), DEHRADUN

Ensure that the power supply at the research institute is
continuously regulated.

Make

sure that the workstations have uninterrupted

power supply in the institute.

Manage water supply in the institute.

Make sure that the A.C. plant functions properly.

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
About KDMIPE
History and Functions of ONGC
AIR - CONDITIONING PLANT
Parts of A.C. and their functions
HEAT ENGINE AND POWER GENERATION
Pump house
CUMMINS ENGINE
Specifications
Lubrication System

OIL AND NATURAL GAS

CORPORATION
Oil

& Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC) is the

premier company in the Indian Upstream Petroleum Sector.

Established in 1956, ONGC was public in 1994.

It produces 77% of Indias domestic petroleum and 81% of
its natural gas.

Dedicated

to excellence by leveraging competitive

advantages in R&D and technology with involved people.

Imbibe high standards of business ethics and organizational

values.

Abiding

commitment to healthy and safe environment to

enrich quality of life.

HISTORY
During pre-independence period the Assam Oil Company and
Attock Oil Company were the only oil companies in India.
After independence, the national government realized the
importance of oil and gas for rapid industrial development.
Oil India Ltd. is a 50% joint venture between Government of
India and Burma Oil Company.
In 1955, Oil and Natural Gas Directorate was set up which
was later converted to Oil and Natural Gas Commission in
1956 August.
In 1958, ONGC found a oil-well in Cambay now Khambhat
which was a first well owned by Government of India only.
Oil and Natural Gas commission was later change to Oil and
Natural Gas Corporation in 1994.

GLOBAL RANKING

ONGC ranks 3rd Oil & Gas Exploration & Production

(E&P) Company in the world and 23rd among leading
global energy majors as per Platts 250 Global Energy
Companies list for the year 2009.

 Finance Asia 100 list ranks ONGC no 1 among Indian Blue

Chips.

BROAD FUNCTIONS

Land acquisition
Preparation of approach roads and drill sites
Budget preparation
Planning and monitoring production testing
Cost reduction planning
Planning and execution of work over jobs

CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING PLANT

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Central air conditioning has been installed at KDMIPE,

Dehradun to cater to equipment and human comfort needs of
various areas. The system basically consists of water chilling
units feeding Air Handling Unit (A.H.U) located near specific
areas to be air conditioned. In these AHU rooms a mixture of
fresh air and return air is cooled and circulated in conditioned
areas to achieve the objective. Basically there are four central
A.C. plants. The details are given below:

10120 TR Service Block A.C. Plant

4120 TR AMN Ghosh Plant
460 TR IBM Plant
260 TR ACADEMY A.C. Plant

The principle of air conditioning and general description of

the various components of chilling units with individual
function are as follows:

COMPRESSOR
It compresses the refrigerant. It causes the refrigerant to
circulate in the system. The refrigerant is pushed from
compressor to condenser at high temperature and pressure
from the discharge process. There are four basic types of
compressors in use:
a) Reciprocating
b) Rotary
c) Screw type or Gear type
d) Centrifugal
At present reciprocating and centrifugal types are used in
India.

CHILLER
It is a device used for absorbing heat into refrigeration system.
It is placed in the area of system to be cooled. Heat is
absorbed because of vaporization of refrigerant fluid inside
evaporation tubes.

CONDENSER
Here the gas temperature is reduced. In the condenser, the
sensible and latent heat of the gaseous refrigerant is removed
and is liquefied. From the condenser the liquefied refrigerant
is fed into the chiller through an expansion valve, which it
expands it and reduces its temperature. Now the water

circulating in the chiller takes up the temperature of liquefied

gas and becomes cool. This water is fed to A.H.U. by small
tubes or pipes.

Condensers are divided into two parts:

a) Air - cooled condenser - In these condensers heat is
passed on to the surroundings through air.
b) Water - cooled condenser - In this condenser heat is
passed to the surroundings through water.

AIR HANDLING UNIT (A.H.U)

These are last part of A.C. plant. There are many AHU
depending upon the area to be cooled. These are installed in
various floors for a multi - story building and a floor may
have two or three AHU for proper cooling. Water, which is
cooled in the chiller, is passed on to the AHU through pipes.
The water is circulated inside the AHU in small copper tubes
of small diameter. The AHU sucks air of the surroundings,
which is at higher temperature from one side. This air comes
in contact with the cool water circulating in thin copper tubes.
It exchanges heat with, making the temperature of water rise
and its temperature lower. A thermostat is used to maintain
the desired temperature. When the temperature reaches the
desired value, it again allows the water to pass through it. In
winters when the ambient temperature is high, AHU are used
to the air being fed to the rooms. For this purpose the entire

plant is closed and only the AHU are operated. These AHU
suck air, which is at low temperature, and the air is passed
through heaters before being fed to the air duct.

REFRIGERANT
To obtain a transfer of heat from the inside of a cabinet to the
outside or in order to refrigerate, heat carrier must be used.
Fluids, which may be changed easily from a gas to liquid or
vice versa are used as a medium because such a change is
accompanied by a change in heat content. The most popular
refrigerants are Freon-11, Freon-12 and Freon-22. Nowadays
a refrigerant named Mefron-11, Mefron-22 are used.

REQUIREMENTS FOR REFRIGERANT

It should be non-explosive.
It should be non-poisonous and non-corrosive.
It should be a stable gas.
It should be non toxic.
It should be easy to detect and locate
It should be non-inflammable
It should have small relative displacement to obtain certain
refrigeration effect.

TON OF REFRIGERATION
The unit commonly to measure refrigeration effect is the
ton. This is the amount of heat absorbed in melting one ton
of ice 24 hours. One ton of refrigeration is equivalent to 3000
kilocalories per hour.

COOLING TOWERS
These are used to cool down the water of the condenser.
These are of two types as given below.
Natural draft cooling tower (natural air is used for cooling).
Forced draft cooling tower (electrical or mechanical motor
along with a fan is used for cooling).

HEAT ENGINE
It is a system that performs conversion of heat or thermal
energy to mechanical work. It does this by bringing working
substance from high temperature state to low temperature
state. A heat source generates thermal energy that brings
working substance to high temperature state. An advantage of
heat engine is that forms of energy can be easily converted to
heat by processes like exothermic reactions, absorption of
lighter energetic particles, friction, dissipation and resistance.
Heat engines can be characterized by their specific power,
which is typically given in KW/litre of engine displacement.
The result offers an approximation of peak-power output of an
engine.

POWER GENERATION

As there are frequent power cuts, so it is necessary for any

organization to have its own generating station or stand by
generator house to meet its required demand. In Tel Bhawan
capacity of its installed generator house is 2312.5 KVA. It
has two generators each of 312.5 KVA capacity and
correspondingly two diesel engines.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical

energy to electrical energy. A generator forces electric charge
to flow through an external electrical circuit. It is analogous to
a water pump, which causes water to flow. The generator used
is Cummins diesel engine.
An engine-generator is the combination of an electrical
generator and an engine mounted together to form single
piece of equipment. This combination is also called an enginegenerator set or gen-set.

Applications:
Engine - generators are used to supply electrical power in
places where utility power is not available. Small generators
are sometimes used to supply power tools at construction
sites.

PUMP HOUSE IN SERVICE BLOCK

There are total 11 pumps present in pump house and they are
divided accordingly with their specifications:
4 pumps (For supply to cooling tower; 7.5 HP)
4 pumps (For drinking purpose; 30HP)
3 pumps (Fire pumps; 50HP)
Two gate valves are present in every pump for discharge and
suction. Non-Return Valve (NRV) is also there.
Minimum Voltage - 395 V
Maximum Voltage - 410 V

TEN MAINTENANCE STEPS FOR

CUMMINS ENGINES

Keep dirt out of the engine

Maintain a lubricating film on all bearing surface
Regulate the engine oil fuels
Control operating temperatures
Guard against corrosion
Let the engine breathe
Prevent over speeding
Know your engines conditions
Correct troubles while they are simple
Schedule and control your maintenance

TEN COMMANDMENTS FOR DIESEL

ENGINE MAINTENANCE
Thou shaft keep thine engine clean and in adjustment
that thy life in its company shall be long and that the
owner shall increase thy pay.
Know thine engine and its all parts and functions, else
thou shaft be in some unholy spot
Be not wise in thine own conceit. Remember the factory
instructions and keep them holy lest repairs be thine
undoing.
Be not loose in thine jaw hinges, for no man knoweth all
about diesels. The truly wise absorbeth much knowledge
and exudeth little for he who so depth shall again gain
repute among his fellows and favor among his superiors.
For all the things in life that thou shaft also pay a duty
and for the wisdom of experience, success, advice from a
multitude means nothing and is usually worth just that
In the books thou mayest read what to do and when but
only the voice of experience may tell thee why and how
else thy reading of what and when shall be but plague
thee with smoke.
Bod maketh the earth to rotate endlessly without bearing
or oil, but not thy diesel.
Curse not thine engine when it turneth not curse rather
thine own stupidity.

 Steam engines and gas engines may long turn over,

though sloppy a diesel not so with gauges and mikes is
thou ever busy.
The eternal eve watcheth universal operations, but thou
shaft not rely upon it as to thy diesel thine own vigilance
is the price thou payest for the job.

SPECIFICATIONS AND TORQUE

LUBRICANT FUEL AND COOLANT
FUNCTIONS OF LUBRICATING OIL

The lubricating oil is used in a Kirloskar Cummins engine

must be multifunctional it performs the primary functions of:
Lubricating by providing film between the moving parts
to reduce wear and friction.
Cooling by serving as a heat transfer media to carry heat
away from critical areas.
Sealing by filling in the uneven surfaces in the cylinder
walls, valve stems and turbocharger oil seals.
Cleaning by holding contaminants in suspension to
prevent a build up of deposits on the engines surfaces.
In addition, it must also provide dampening and
cushioning of components that operate under high stress
such as gears and push tubes.
Protect from oxidation and corrosion.
Hydraulic action for components such as Jacobs brake
and hydraulic controls.
Engine lubricating oil must be changed when it can be no
longer performing its functions with an engine.
Oil does not wear out but it becomes contaminated to the
point that it can no longer satisfactorily protect the
engine.

 Contamination of the oil is a normal result of the engine

operation. During engine operation a wide variety of
contaminants are introduced into the oil.
Some of these are:
By products of engine combustion asphaltenes soot and
acid from partially burned fuel.
Acids varnish, and sludge which are formed as a result of
oxidation of the oil as it breaks down or decomposes.
Dirt entering the engine through the combustion engine
through the combustion air, fuel vehicle adding or
changing lubricating oil.
The oil must have an additive package to combat these
contaminates the package generally consists of:
Detergents/dispersants which keep insoluble mater in
suspension until they are filtered from the oil or are
removed with the oil change. This prevents sludge and
carbon deposits from the forming in the engine.
Inhibitors to maintain the stability of the oil prevent acids
from attacking metal surfaces and prevent rust during the
periods the engine is not operating.
Other additives that enable the oil to lubricate highly
loaded areas prevent scuffing and seizing, control
foaming and prevent air retention in the oil.

OIL FORMATION PERFORMANCE

CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
The American Petroleum Institute (API) has jointly
maintained developed a system for classifying lubricating oil
by performance categories.
CC - This category describes oil meeting the requirements of
the military specification MIL-L-2104B. These oils provide
low temperature protection from sludge and rust and are
designed to perform moderately well at high temperatures for
moderate duty service.
CD - This category described oils meeting the requirements of
the series 3 specification. And MIL-L-L45199B
These oils provide protection from deposits and oxidation at
high temperature for duty service.
SC - This category describes oil meeting 1964-1967
requirements of the series. Here we include many series about
lubricating system elsewhere it defines the term of lubrication
as the lubricants.

LUBRICATING SYSTEM
Cummins engines are pressure lubricated; pressure is supplied
by gear type lubricating if pump is located in oil pan or on
inside of the engine.
A pressure regulator is mounted in the mounted in the
lubricating oil pump to control lubricating oil pressure.
Filters and screen are provided in lubricating oil system to
remove foreign material from circulation and prevent damage
to bearings or mating surfaces. A by pass valve is provided in
full flow oil filter head as insurance against interruption of oil
flow by a dirty or clogged element.
Maximum cleansing and filtration is achieved through use of
both by pass and full flow lubricating oil filters.
Full flow filters are standard on all engines; by pass filters are
used on all turbocharged models and optionally on all other
engines.
Some engines are equipped with special oil pans and filters
for some applications and others with auxiliary oil coolers to
maintain closer oil temperature regulation.
Air compressors and turbochargers are lubricated from engine
oil system. Turbocharger is also cooled by same lubricated oil
used for lubrication.

INLINE ENGINES
NH AND NT SERIES
Oil is drawn into the pump through an external oil line is
connected to the oil pan sump. A screen in the sump filters the
oil.
There are some parts of engines:

Water to Radiator
Thermostat Housing
Water By-Pass Fan Hub
Water from cooler to thermostat housing
Lubricating Oil Cooler
Water from radiator
Lubricating Oil Filter
Water Filter
Lubricating Oil Header
Piston Cooling Oil
Water Jacket
Water Manifold
Turbocharged Oil Supply
Turbocharged Oil Drain
Water Header
Water to cooler from block

FUEL SYSTEM
PT FUEL SYSTEM

It is used exclusively on Cummins diesel. The identifying

letters, PT are an abbreviation for pressure time.
The operation of the Cummins PT system is based on the
principle that the volume of liquid flow is proportionate to the
fluid pressure the time allowed to flow and the passage size
through which the liquid flows to apply this simple principle
to the Cummins PT FUEL system, it is necessary available to
provide:
A fuel pump to draw fuel from the supply tank and
deliver it to individual injectors of each cylinder.
A means of controlling pressure of the fuel being
delivered by the fuel pump to injectors so individual
cylinders will receive the right amount of fuel for the
power required of the engine.
Fuel passages of the proper size and type so fuel will be
distributed to all injectors and cylinders with equal
pressure under all speed and load conditions.
Injectors to receive low pressure from the fuel pump and
deliver it into the individual combustion chambers at the
right time, in equal quantities and proper conditions to
burn.

FUEL PUMP
The fuel pump is coupled to the air compressor, vacuum
pump or fuel pump drive which is driven from the engine gear
train. Fuel pump main shaft in turn drives the gear pump,
governor and tachometer shaft assemblies.

COOLING SYSTEM
Water is circulated by a centrifugal water pump mounted
either in or on the front of the engine belt driven from the
accessory drive on crankshaft.
Water circulates around wet type cylinder liners, through the
cylinder heads and around injector sleeves. Injector sleeves, in
which injectors are mounted, are designed for fast dissipation
of heat. The engine has a thermostat or thermostats to control
engine operating temperature. Engine coolant is cooled by a
radiator and fan or a heat exchanger.
The fleet guard water filter is standard on Cummins engines.
The filter by pass a small amount of coolant from the system
via a filtering and treating element which must be replaced
periodically. Refer to coolant specifications for water filter
capacity and treatment of makeup water.

NTA AFTERCOOLED ENGINE

Where water flows splits. One portion circulates to the
cylinder block water header around wet type cylinder liners,
through the cylinder head and around the injectors sleeves,
upwards to the water manifold, to the thermostat housing. At
the rear of the block water header, water is directed to the
after cooler water flows forward through the after cooler to
the water crossover to the thermostat housing. The second
portion of the water flows from the cavity of the water pump
housing through the oil cooler and tubing to the rear of the
water manifold forward to the thermostat housing, to control
engine temperature.

KT(A) - 1150 ENGINES

Water is circulated by a centrifugal water pump which is
mounted on an exhaust side of block. The pump is driven by
an idler gear from the crankshaft.
Coolant flows from water pump volute into the oil cooler
housing, through cooler housing into block maintaining an
equal flow around all cylinder liners.

NTA INLINE ENGINES

Oil from cooler

Oil to cooler
Idler pulley
Water pump
Fan hub
Oil filter
Thermostat
Air compressor
Vibration damper
Intake air compressor
Rockers levers
Push tubes
Injector
After cooler
Piston
Connecting rod
Cam followers
Crankshaft oil seal
Main oil passage
Crankshaft
Oil pan
Oil supply tube
Lubricating oil pump

AIR SYSTEM
The diesel engine requires hundreds of gallons of air for every
gallon of fuel that it burns. For the engine to operate
efficiently, it must breathe freely: intake and exhaust system
must not be restricted.
The intake air should always be routed through an air cleaner.
The cleaner may be mounted on engine or equipment and may
be oil bath, paper element or element or composite type
depending upon engine application. Air is routed from air
cleaner directly to intake air manifold or turbocharger.

NTA AND KT(A)- 1150 AFTERCOOLER

An after cooler is a device in the engine intake system
designed to reduce intake air temperature and or preheat
intake air temperature.
The after cooler consists of housing, used as a portion of the
engine intake air manifold, with an internal core. The core is
made up of tubes through which engine coolant circulates. Air
is cooled or heated by passing over the core prior to going into
the engine combustion chambers. Therefore improved
combustion results from better control of intake air
temperature cooling or warning as applied by the after cooler.

KT(A)-2300 AND KTA 3067 AFTERCOOLER

An after cooler is a device consists of a housing mounted
above the cylinder block with two internal cores. The cores
through which engine coolant circulates, cools, or heats the air
passing over the core prior is going into the engine
combustion chambers . Therefore, improved combustion
results.

TURBOCHARGER
The turbocharger forces additional air into combustion
chambers so engine can burn more fuel and develop more
horsepower in it.
If it were naturally aspirated. In some cases the turbocharger
is used for the engine to retain efficiency at altitudes above
sea level.
The turbocharger consists of a turbine wheel and a centrifugal
blower or compressor wheel, separately. In some cases the
turbocharger is used for the engine to retain efficiency.
The power to drive the turbine wheel 0- which in turn drives
the compressor is obtained from energy of engine exhaust
gases. Rotating speed of the turbine changes as the energy
level of the gas changes; therefore the engine is supplied with
enough air to burn fuel for its load requirements.
The turbocharger is lubricated and cooled by engine
lubricating oil.

AIR COMPRESSOR
The Cummins air compressor may be either a single or two
cylinder units coupling or gear driven from the engine gear
train accessory drive.
Lubrication is received from the engine lubricating system,
with oil carried by internal drillings on 80 degree tilt engines
air compressor crankcase is drained by scavenger pump
mounted on gear case over and is driven by lubricating oil
pump drive gear. The cylinder head is cooled by engine
coolant.

EXHAUST SYSTEM
The exhaust system carries away the products of combustion
engine and discharges them to the atmosphere in the desired
location within prescribed limitations and conditions. Certain
requirements are often placed on this system which require
addition of components like mufflers, exhaust scrubbers etc.
Particular care must be taken in the design to minimize the
restriction to flow, since the back pressure must be within
certain limits to assure proper engine operation and
satisfactory engine life.

SYSTEM RESTRICTIONS
When the engine pistons act against back pressure in the
exhaust system to expel the exhaust gas, the usable output of
the engine is lowered. Because of back pressure, scavenging
of cylinders will be incomplete and hence air to fuel ratio will
be reduced resulting in increased fuel consumption and
exhaust
temperature.
Although
turbocharged
and
mechanically supercharged engines are affected to a lesser
degree than naturally aspirated engines due to the positive
pressure in the intake manifold, it is essential that the exhaust
system for all engines be designed to offer the least possible
restriction to the exhaust flow.
The exhaust back pressure measured at full load and governed
engine speed should be less than the values indicated below.
3Hg (75mm Hg) for all naturally aspirated and mechanically
supercharged engines.
3Hg (75mm Hg) for all turbocharged engines.

EXHAUST PIPING DESIGN

A.

FLEXIBILITY
Provisions should be made for relative movement
between the exhaust piping and the engine so that no
damaging stress will be imposed on the exhaust
system components because of engine mounting
flexibility or thermal growth. The most common
methods of obtaining flexibility are through the use of
flexible tubing or special ball joint tube connections or
expansion joints.

B.

SUPPORTS
To reduce the loading imposed on the exhaust
manifold, it is desirable to support long lengths of
piping. However flexibility must still be maintained
through the designs of support and or the use of
flexible connections.
Since the permissible load on exhaust manifold
depends on the type of manifold used and the relative
overhang; no single restriction on maximum length or
weight of unsupported tubing can be made to cover all
applications. As a guide in design it is recommend that
no more than 4 feet of unsupported tubing should be
attached to the manifold.

WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION:
An organization like ONGC needs very large water supply for
various processes in the establishment. it can not relay for
this large water supply on municipal corporation , thus it has
arranged its own water extraction from ground and supply to
the required areas.
These are three basic applications requiring water supply in
the KDMIPE campus of ONGC, Dehradun:
Water for central air conditioning plant.
Water for fire fighting
For extraction and supplying the water
Submersible and centrifugal pumps have been employed.
These pumps are of different types rating and capacity
according to the applications.

GENERAL DISCUSSIONS

A pump is device which is used to work to suck the water

from low pressure and deliver it to high pressure. Many times
water is required to be taken to some height for certain
applications , the ground water may not be at sufficient
pressure to reach the desired height a by itself so in that case
we require a device which can increase the pressure of water
so that it can be reach to the desired height. Also many times
the water needs to be transported through the pipes to long
dist. So in these cases also the pressure of the water has to be
increased and the does this.
The pumps are mostly driven by electric motors but in some
special cases the diesel engines may also be implied to drive
the motor. The pumps have a rotating member which is called
impellor coupling it with the driving shaft of the electric
motor or the diesel engine as the case may be rotates this
impellor. The pumps are classified on the basis of the
impellor.

CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
The centrifugal pumps works on the principle forced vortex
flow which means that have an external torque the rise in
pressure head of rotates a certain mass of fluid or liquid is
proportional to the square of tangential velocity of the rotating
liquid at that head. Thus at the outlet of the impellor where
the radius is more the rise in pressure head will be more and
the liquid will be discharged at the outlet with high pressure
head. Due to this high pressure head the liquid can be lifted at
high level.

GENERAL COMPONENTS OF
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

A Centrifugal pump has two main components:

1. A rotating component comprised of an impeller and a

shaft.

2. A stationary component comprised of a casing, casing

cover and bearings.

STATIONARY COMPONENTS

CASING

Casings are generally of two types volute and circular fitted

inside the casings.
The impellors are:

1. Volute casings build a higher head; circular casings are

used for low head and high capacity one of the main
purposes of volute casings is to help balance the
hydraulic pressure on the shaft of the pump. However
this occurs best at the manufacturers recommended
capacity. Running volute style pumps at a out vanes.
Large smoothly countered flow passages combine best
slurry and solids handling ability.

2. Impeller is screwed on shaft, and threads are scaled by

PTFE O RING. This eliminates projecting impeller nut
and exposed threads from impeller eye.

3. All impellers are statically and dynamically balanced.

SHAFT AND SHAFT SLEEVE

A single piece shaft is designed for 0.05 mm maximum
deflection at stuffing box face, under the worst
conditions of shut off head.
Renewable shaft sleeves are positively driven PYFE O
RING prevents leakage under sleeve.

STUFFING BOX COVER

Stuffing box cover encloses back of casing and contains
stuffing box chamber. The cover is fastened to frame or
adapter so that a spare back pull out assembly can be
stocked completely assembled.
Cover can be supplied with jacket for cooling stuffing
box chamber in high temperatures services. Jacket can
also be used for heating viscous or high freezing point
liquids.
Packed box has live rings of packing and lantern ring.
Quench gland with water taps and an auxiliary ring of
packing is standard. Gland is split for easy removal.
Tapped openings to the lantern ring permit in and out
sealing, external flushing or lubrication or lubrication as
required.

 Stuffing box is completely machined for mechanical seal

installation , either originally of as a field conversion
inside outside, unbalanced , balanced single or double
seals with and required gland throat blushing, throttle
bushing and flushing lines furnished to meet individual
sealing.
Gland completely confines stationary mating rings
gasket.

FRAME ADAPTER
Heavy cast iron construction and precision machine to

keep bearing frame and casing in perfect alignment.

Furnished with lifting eyebolt for case in maintenance.
Open construction gives easy access to the stuffing box
area.
Either frame adapter on drip try may be piped to drain.

BEARING FRAME

The bearing frame provides rigid bearing alignment and shaft

support. It contains large oil reservoir, oil level is maintained
at proper level by means of constant level oilier with visible
oil supply. Oil breather vent fully protects oil from

contamination while allowing for expansion or contraction of

air caused by ambient temperature change.
Massive bearing frame foot-support is fitted with jack

bolts allowing pump alignment without the use of shims.

For pumping temperatures above 175degree standard
water jacketed bearing frame is provided.
Cast integral water cooling chamber is designed for
working pressure or test pressure.