Notes:

The flow rate in each pipe above is the assumed value and we wanted the ACTUAL Q. The
correction for the assumed value can be calculated by using following formula:

Thus, we need to find summation of h for each pipe and the ratio of h/Q.
Also,
The signage value of Q obtained is referred to magnitude. Meaning, if you are getting a ve
value of Q. Then, the ACTUAL value of Q is actually less than your assumed value.
DO NOT CONFUSE with Q.

***************************************************************************
STEP 2: Calculate the K for all pipe in both Loop 1 and 2. K can be calculated from
following formula:
K=

fL
3.03D5

Comment: I think calculation of K is straight forward.

***************************************************************************
STEP 3: Calculate energy losses due to friction, h by applying following formula:

h=KQ
Comment: Bit tricky as you already successfully making me confused. Do remember
that, -ve value of Q is referring to direction of Q (anti-clock wise) and thus, for Q, the
value of h also would be ve. We can say that head loss, h are the same direction with
flow (That why Q would have h). Also, the unit for h is m & thus Q needed to be in
m3/s.
***************************************************************************
STEP 3: Calculate the ratio h/Q.
Comment: All should be +ve value. As h and Q for EACH pipe should be in the same
direction.
3

Step 4: Started with Iteration 1

By now, you should be able to developed table something like this:

D
LOOP

AssumedQ

PIPE

K
mm

AC

500

3000

CD

350

DB
BA

h/Q

Qnew

L/s

317

400

50.7

126.7

420.1

2000

1257

50

3.1

62.0

94.0

350

3000

1885

150

42.4

282.7

129.9

500

2000

211

400

33.8

84.5

379.9

22.4

556.8

SUMMATION:

CE

250

3000

10139

150

228.1

1520.8

126.1

EF

250

2000

6759

50

16.9

338.0

26.1

FD

250

3000

10139

100

101.4

1013.9

123.9

DC

350

2000

1257

50

3.1

62.8

94.0

140.6

2935.4

SUMMATION:
Notes:
1)
2)

The corrected assumed value, QNEW = Q (initially assumed) + Q

The equation above applicable for all pipes in Loop 1 and 2, except for pipe CD (or
DC). For this pipe, the corrected value Q has to be considered for both loops as the
pipe was in both loops. The formula for calculation as follow:

QCD = Q1 - Q2
3)

Then you should proceed with the Second Iteration by using your new Q obtained in
the First Iteration as your newly assumed Q.
4

4)

The method above should be repeated until Q = 0 for both loop (or at least 3 iteration
during the final). Your friend asked me, what happened if after 1st iteration, we already
got Q=0 for both loops. Answer: It is quite impossible for us to correctly guess the
flow rate on our first assumption. BUT, if this happened, I would do at least up to 2
iterations.

Kindly refer to the following for marking scheme.

CE

250

3000

10139

150

228.1

1520.8

126.1

EF

250

2000

6759

50

16.9

338.0

26.1

FD

250

3000

10139

100

101.4

1013.9

123.9

DC

350

2000

1257

50

3.1

62.8

94.0

140.6

2935.4

h/Q

Qnew

SUMMATION:

Iteration 2

D
LOOP

PIPE

K
mm

L/s

AC

500

3000

317

420.1

55.9

133.1

416.0

CD

350

2000

1257

94.0

11.1

118.2

89.7

DB

350

3000

1885

129.9

31.8

244.9

134.0

BA

500

2000

211

379.9

30.5

80.2

384.0

4.7

576.4

CE

250

3000

10139

126.1

161.1

1278.2

126.3

EF

250

2000

6759

26.1

4.6

176.2

26.3

FD

250

3000

10139

123.9

155.7

1256.5

123.7

DC

350

2000

1257

94.0

11.1

118.2

89.7

1.1

2829.0