Adjectives that look like adverbs

<a href='http://www.usingenglish.com/display/www/delivery/ck.php?
n=aec00482&amp;cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE' target='_blank'><img
src='http://www.usingenglish.com/display/www/delivery/avw.php?
zoneid=1&amp;cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE&amp;n=aec00482'
border='0' alt='' /></a>
Here is a list of adjectives that end in -ly and sometimes get mistaken for adverbs:

Beastly
Brotherly
Comely
Costly
Cowardly
Daily (Can also be an adverb)
Deadly
Elderly
Fatherly
Fortnightly (Can also be an adverb)
Friendly
Gentlemanly
Gentlewomanly
Ghastly
Ghostly
Godly
Goodly
Holy
Homely
Humanly
Kingly
Leisurely
Likely
Lively
Lonely
Lovely
Lowly
Maidenly
Manly
Masterly
Matronly
Miserly
Monthly (Can also be an adverb)
Motherly

Nightly
Painterly
Priestly
Princely
Saintly
Scholarly
Shapely
Silly
Sisterly
Timely
Ugly
Ungainly
Unruly
Unsightly
Unseemly
Unworldly
Weekly (Can also be an adverb)
Womanly
Worldly

Yearly (Can also be an adverb)

Agreeing and Disagreeing- So do I,

Neither do I, etc
<a href='http://www.usingenglish.com/display/www/delivery/ck.php?
n=aec00482&amp;cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE' target='_blank'><img
src='http://www.usingenglish.com/display/www/delivery/avw.php?
zoneid=1&amp;cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE&amp;n=aec00482'
border='0' alt='' /></a>

To agree with a positive statement:

We use so + auxiliary/modal verb + pronoun:
"I like tea without sugar.'
'So do I.'

To agree with a negative statement:

We use nor/neither + auxiliary/modal verb + pronoun:
"I don't like tea with sugar.'
'Nor do I.' or 'Neither do I.'

To disagree with a positive statement:

We use pronoun + auxiliary/modal verb + not (-n't):
"I like tea without sugar.'
'I don't.'

To disagree with a negative statement:

We use pronoun + auxiliary/modal verb:
"I don't like tea with sugar.'
'I do.

Descriptive and Prescriptive Grammar

<a href='http://www.usingenglish.com/display/www/delivery/ck.php?
n=aec00482&amp;cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE' target='_blank'><img
src='http://www.usingenglish.com/display/www/delivery/avw.php?
zoneid=1&amp;cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE&amp;n=aec00482'
border='0' alt='' /></a>
One common way to divide the different types of English grammars available is to label
them descriptive or prescriptive, though a grammar may contain elements of both.
The principles around which they are written are very different; a prescriptive grammar is
one that lays down the rules for English language usage, while a descriptive grammar

synthesises rules for English usage from the language that people actually use. A
prescriptive grammarian believes that certain forms used are correct and that others, even
though they may be used by native speakers, are incorrect. Many prescriptivists feel that
modern linguistics, which tends to place emphasis on actual rather than perceived
language usage, is responsible for a decline in the standard of language.
Descriptivists look at the way people speak and then try to create rules that account for
the language usage, accepting alternative forms that are used regionally and also being
open to forms used in speech that traditional grammars would describe as errors.

Who's Right?
As with so much in English, both sides have a lot to offer. Pure prescriptivist grammar
will lead to artificial claims that are hard to maintain in light of the facts. While
prescriptivists would prefer the use of the past subjunctive after if (If I were you, etc), it is
very difficult to claim that everyone who uses was is wrong, especially as they are the
majority in spoken language. Google puts past subjunctive just over 10% ahead, though it
is recording written text only. While there are still traditionalist grammarians claiming
that they are right and half the population is wrong, most have modified their approach
and talk of this form as preferable, or describe it as formal register, and ESL examination
boards no longer test it, bit accept both.
There are also zealous descriptivists, who instead of genuinely describing English
language usage, feel they should give it a hand to change and develop, by encouraging
the demise of forms they see as old-fashioned. Those who fall into this trap, such as
recommending avoiding whom, or claiming it is no longer relevant are themselves simply
neo-prescriptivists, though favouring development and change rather than
conservativism.

Relative Clauses - Part 1

<a href='http://www.usingenglish.com/display/www/delivery/ck.php?
n=aec00482&amp;cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE' target='_blank'><img
src='http://www.usingenglish.com/display/www/delivery/avw.php?
zoneid=1&amp;cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE&amp;n=aec00482'
border='0' alt='' /></a>
There are two types of relative clauses using relative pronouns.

Non-Restrictive Clauses (Non-Defining Clauses)

For People
The President of the United States, who is visiting Moscow, claimed that relations
between the two countries were at their best for twenty years.
NB - you cannot use that here (after a comma).

For Things
The intermission, which lasts for fifteen minutes, comes halfway through the film.

Notes about Non-Restrictive Clauses (Non-Defining Clauses)

In this type of relative clause, the information is not essential; it could be deleted without
making the sentence ungrammatical and it would still be clear who or what we are talking
about.

Restrictive Clauses (Defining Clauses)

For People
The man that stole my car was fined. (this is used in American and British English)
The man who stole my car was fined. (this is used in British English)

For Things
The company which made it has gone bankrupt.
The company that made it has gone bankrupt.

Notes about Restrictive Clauses (Defining Clauses)

In this type of relative clause, the information is essential; if it is deleted,then the
sentence will no longer make sense as we will not understand who or what is being talked
about.