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ISGMA 2014, 24-28 June, Paradise Hotel, Busan, Korea

Developing Green Hybrid Nano Materials based


Coated Sand for Nano Filtration Application
Ji-Hyeon Song1, Sung-Yong Kim1, Poudel Shiva Raj1, Dae-Seob Song1,
Varsha Khare2# and Sung-Hoon Ahn1,2,3#
Email: khare@snu.ac.kr , ahnsh@snu.ac.kr
1School

of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University


2Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design, Seoul National University, 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington

Background
Environmental issue on water contamination

Filtration technology

More than a billion people lack clean drinking water


in developing countries
Needs for effective water purification has increased

Sand filtration is the oldest way of filtration


Particle size of sand and surface modifications
determine the efficiency in removing contaminants
Nano material based coated sand enhance
properties of water purification

Ionic liquid

Environmentally friendly material

Graphene
Thin layer of carbon atoms
Recently investigated as interesting
material for absorption of heavy
metals

Diagram of simple filtration SEM image of green rust coated sand


(Kafuffle, 2009)
(V.Khare, 2008)

Net worried about environmental issues (March 5~8, 2009, Gallup Poll)

Objectives

Experiments

Microstructure
Microstructure by SEM indicating complete coating with IL within the layers of rGO
Elemental analysis indicating the presence of IL
Absorption of heavy metal (Hg)
Microscopic image
Homogenous distribution of Hg indicating absorption of Hg within the layers of
IL filled rGO
TEM image shows IL modified rGO by
fringe shape

Hybrid material
One-pot reduction method for synthesizing nano hybrid of reduced graphene oxide
(rGO) and ionic liquid (IL)
Graphene oxide dispersed in water was dried which subsequently dispersed in ionic
liquid
The mixture was then subjected to ultrasonication for mixing the IL and GO
Consecutively, glycerol was injected and mixed

5
10

50

100

100

cps/eV

cps/eV

4.5
4.5

cps/eV
cps/eV

4.0
4.0

1.8
1.8

3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5

Fe Si

Si Pt

Fe

1.4
1.4

Fe

Pt

1.2
1.2

2.0
2.0

1.0
1.0

1.5
1.5

0.8
0.8

1.0
1.0

0.6
0.6

0.0
0.0

100
1
1

22

33

44

5
5
keV

66

77

keV

88

99

Stability of coating
of coated sand

Intensity (counts)

Graphene
sheet 500

Hg

0.0
0.0

5
keV

keV

SEM/EDX/TEM image of coated


sand after Hg absorption

Efficiency
Due to interference of organic material we use UV-Vis instead of ICPAES
HgO (230 nm, 243 nm) absorption band suggests absorption of HgO in rGO
Hg2+ has almost completely removed
Absorption

1.0

Normalized absorption

HgO

7000

Intensity (Cps)

Schematic presentation of synthesis


of hybrid material coated sand

6000

Hg2Cl2

5000

HgO

4000

Si

3000

200

Fe2O3/
Fe3O4

Before filteration
After filteration w/o Fe
After filteration w/ Fe

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0

Absorption

1000

-0.2
98

100

102

104

106

108

Binding Energy (eV)

XPS analysis on stock solution after filtered

200

300

400

500

Wavelength (nm)

UV spectroscopy of stock solution


before/after absorption

Conclusions and future works


Conclusions
Synthesize and characterize graphene-IL hybrid material and coated sand and test
absorption of heavy metal
Environmentally friendly, cost effective hybrid nano material for filtration was
developed

Future Works
Experiment on column bed reactor with multi heavy metal will be done

Acknowledgement

TEM image of hybrid material

Pt

0.2
0.2

10
10

8000

100

Increase amount
of stable coating

Fe
Fe

Cl

9000

Hybrid material
Microscopic image
Existence of particle on the graphene sheet is clearly visible
XRD
In hybrid material by wet method with Fe salt, rGO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 is existed, while
hybrid material with reactive method has only rGO and Fe2O3
Coated sand
Stability of coating
500
Test the stability of coating by multiple
Wet method w/o Fe
washing and re-coating cycles
Wet method w/ Fe
400
Reactive method
The darker color with the increasing
rGO
Fe3O4
Fe2O3
washing, re-coating cycle indicated the
300
stable coating
#3

Hg
Pt

0.4
0.4

2000

#2

Fe

XPS analysis
HgCl2 has transformed to Hg+ and HgO

Results

#1

Cl
Pt
N Fe
C O

SEM/EDX image of coated sand


before Hg absorption

1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium
Dicyanamide (BMIM NCN2)

Schematic presentation of synthesis of hybrid material

Hg

1.6
1.6
Pt
K
N Fe
C O

0.5
0.5

Sand

Graphene
(Nanochemistry)

Results (continued)

Develop a environmentally friendly, cost effective hybrid nano material that exhibit both
stable and high filtration properties
Synthesize graphene-ionic liquid hybrid materials and coated on sand by two different
method
Characterize coated sand material using X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy, batch test, etc.

Coated sand
Coating sand with hybrid material was done by
two methods; wet method and reactive method
Wet method: Mix sand and synthesized hybrid
material, after that separate hybrid material and
sand and wash with distilled water and dry.
Repeat this process 3~5 times to stabilize the
coating
Reactive method: Mix sand, IL, GO and Fe3O4
altogether by stirring and then add glycerol.
Wash sand with distilled water and dry

Ionic liquid
(XAMD)

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2 theta (degree)

XRD analysis on hybrid material

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant
funded by the Korea government (MEST) (No. NRF-2012R1A1A2008196 and NRF2010-0029227)

INNOVATIVE DESIGN AND INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING LAB., SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

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