International Symposium on Green Manufacturing and Applications 2014, June 24 28, Busan, Korea

Multiscale Water Filtration Using Novel Coated Sand Material

in a Column Bed Reactor
-Sung-Yong Kim1, Varsha Khare2, , Ji-Hyeon Song1, Shiva Raj Poudel1 and Sung-Hoon Ahn1,2,3,
# Varsha Khare / E-mail: vkharein@gmail.com, Sung-Hoon Ahn / E-mail: ahnsh@snu.ac.kr
1Department

of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University

2Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design, Seoul National University
3Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington

Introduction

Experimental results

- Rising concerns on water pollution and environmental effects

Contaminated water and soil are rapidly becoming global environmental issues
Water purification and soil remediation are important problems
To find a green method of water purification is in need

Hybrid material
- Absorption rate of each hybrid materials

Various combination of IL, GO, FGR, etc has been applied to coated sand
Here has been presented just with 2-hydroxyethyl ammonium formate
Absorption test was done for hybrid materials with each of the heavy metal stock solution
Pb

Hg

As

50.00
40.00

Intensity (a.u)

absorption efficiency [%]

60.00

30.00
20.00
10.00

D 2D

0.00

8mg

4mg

1mg

Hybrid material of 2-OH NH4 formate

in 20ml of heavy metal solution

Cumulative number of SCI-indexed publications Global reverse osmosis/nanofiltration

on nanotechnology and water pollution
membrane market forecast to 2016

Heavy metal absorption efficiency

of hybrid material

(Global water intelligence. August 2009)

Coating sand with hybrid materials

- Wet contact method : mix sand and synthesized
hybrid material
- Reactive method : mix sand, IL, GO, Ferric Green
Rust (FGR)/Fe3O4 altogether

Washed Wet contact Reactive

sand
method
method

Wavelength (nm)

WAXS data of graphene

- Multiscale filtration

Two stages for water filtration were applied

to Column Bed Reactor
Micro-filtration using coated sand, Nanofiltration using nano hybrid material
Heavy metal absorption on the coated sand
surface

Cu ions adsorption on MCS at

different initial copper concentrations
(Rachmawati et al. 2012)

Research objectives
To design a new filtration setup which can control the parameters

To figure out filtration efficiency of each hybrid material

Eexperimental setup

One cell for micro-filtration using coated sand

Another cell for nano-filtration using hybrid nanomaterials
Heavy metal solutions such as As was used as contaminated stock solutions
Concentration of As stock solution : Sodium Arsenate 1.7339 g/L
SUS mesh and Nylon mesh as a physical barrier
System condition : Feed rates 100ml/min

After absorption
stock solution

Absorption (65%)/Adsorption

400

500

600

700

After absorption
Stock solution

Complete Absorption/Adsorption

300

400

500

600

700

Wavelength (nm)(nm)
Wavelength

UV-visible data of As(V) absorption test w/ and w/o column bed reactor

As(V) absorption test in a Column has 65% absorption ratio

As(V) absorption test using coated sand without Column has complete absorption ratio

Conclusions and future works

- Conclusions

Physical barrier
Contaminated
solution

Coated sand

Large coverage area Coated sand was well synthesized by reactive method
Hybrid column bed reactor was well designed as a new type of filtration setup
Heavy metal absorption efficiency of hybrid materials were measured by UV-vis, ICPAES
The effect of adsorption is visible by UV-vis spectroscopy indicating almost 100%
absorption/adsorption of As

- Future works

Physical barrier

Hybrid
nanomaterial

Sampling Valve

SEM image of coated sand

As(V) Absorption by coated sand

rGO

Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength
(nm)

Contaminated Peristaltic pump

Flow control
solution reservoir
valve

Sampling
reservoir

(d)

As(V) Absorption experiment using Column Bed Reactor and coated sand was conducted
Before and after sample of absorption test was analyzed for UV-visible

300

IL + rGO + FGR as a hybrid material

1time
2time
3time
IL : 2-hydroxyethyl ammonium formate
Sonication for dispersion of graphene
Image of multiple coated sand
Stirring with hybrid material and sand
Repeat the coating process until it has proper dark coating
Energy efficient, low cost, green : no use of reducing agent

Coated sand

(c)

(b)

As(V) Absorption by coated sand in Column

- Preparation of coated sand

Surface modified coated sand (a), (b)

(b) shows well coated surface without
FGR
(c) and (d) show difference between
presence of FGR in hybrid material and
surface of sand
(d) has well coated surface containing
FGR

Normalized
Normalised absorption
absorption

(a)

- UV-visible

- Column Bed Reactor

IL + rGO hybrid material shows 40% absorption rate by ICPAES

Raman graph shows the presence of rGO
Band D means large number of defects
No splitting of 2D band indicates 4~5 layered graphene
IL + rGO hybrid material shows 100% absorption rate by UV-visible spectroscopy

- SEM image

To characterize the effect of coated sand and Column Bed Reactor

As(V) absorption by hybrid material

Coated sand

affecting filtration efficiency

Complete absorption

2 theta (degree)

Normalized
Normalisedabsorption
absorption

Intensity (counts)

- Coated sand

Raman data of graphene

Normalized absorption

(T. A. Kurniawan et al. 2012)

Raman shift (cm-1)

Electromanometer

Outlet

Schematic diagram of Column Bed

Reactor system

Electromanometer
Hybrid
nanomaterial

Sampling Valve

Sampling
reservoir

Further optimized design with optimized hybrid materials will be transferred as part of
knowledge to use for industrial applications

Acknowledgements:

Hardware configurations of Column

Bed Reactor system

INNOVATIVE DESIGN AND INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING LAB., SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

( NRF-2012R1A2A2A01047189,
2012R1A1A2008196 and 2010-0029227 )