Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
SUBMITTED BY
SONI KUMARI
Course: GPCCM
REG No. : 214-02-23-12103-2142
ASSIGNMENT
NICMAR/CODE OFFICE
1. Course No.
NCP 26
2. Course title
3. Assignment No.
4. Date of Dispatch
-05-14
ASSIGNMENT
A new international cricket facility is to be constructed outside a mega city over a
piece of land. Facility to include1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Identification of project
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cost of project
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT IDENTIFICATION
PROJECT DVELOPMENT PROCESS
PROJECT WORK BREAKDOWN
CPM / NETWORK ANALYSIS
RECOMMENDATIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY/READINGS
INTRODUCTION
The future of a country can always be assessed from the nature and volume of new
projects that are being undertaken by the country. Projects create the new facilities and
infrastructure required to sustain the growth in different economic sectors. A project is a
temporary undertaking designed to produce a unique product, service or result with a
defined beginning and end (usually time-constrained and often constrained by funds
and deliverables), under taken to meet unique goals and objectives, typically to bring
about beneficial change or added value. Projects need to be completed within a defined
scope, time and cost constraints. In addition to these challenges, project management
requires general management, technical and interpersonal skills for achieving the
project objectives.
Most projects start with a need to have a new facility long before designers start designs
and drawing of the projects and certainly before field construction work can commence.
Elements of this phase include:
- Conceptual analysis
- Technical and feasibility studies and
- Environmental impact reports.
Here is a project report for construction of an international cricket stadium outside a
mega city over a piece of land in 16 months inclusive of monsoon and the cost of
construction need to be recovered within 5 years.
Stadium is to be built near the mega city hence there will be easy availability of
resources, machinery and manpower. Infrastructure facilities are there so the roads and
transportation, electricity, water, and materials will also be available effortlessly. Market
is highly competitive and we are living in the era of advertising and marketing. So many
companies would like to sponsor matches. Lot of money can be generated through
giving rights to the television channels for broadcasting of the matches. Not only this,
sponsors are ready to pay money for their logos on the uniform of the cricketers. Money
can be generated through the advertising hoardings on the ground boundary. There is
no doubt that commercialization and glamour will draw more and more cricket
spectators to the stadium to watch their favourite cricketers in action as well as beautiful
girls or cheer leaders.
A traditional phased approach identifies a sequence of steps to be completed which are:
1. Project Identification
2. Project Development Process
3. Project Work Breakdown
4. CPM / Network Analysis
PROJECT IDENTIFICATION
Construction of a new international cricket facility outside a mega city. It should have the
following facilities1. Capacity of spectators- 80,000
2. Play facility for- Day & Night play
3. 6 directional T.V. camera platforms.
4. Safety of players from the spectators.
5. Pavilion for V.I.P with a seating capacity for 300.
6. Adequate parking space for all.
Time available- 16 months inclusive of monsoon.
Other details- Cost of construction is to be recovered in 5 years. The average cost per
ticket will be Rs 100/- & there will be 4 matches per year.
Feasibility Studies
A feasibility study needs to be performed before the start of a project. This stage should
include a plan that incorporates the following areas:
The major construction projects are undertaken to meet the particular needs of a client.
Generally, a client is well informed and clear about what he needs, but sometimes what
he thinks he wants and what he really needs may actually be different. The first step in
the development of a project is to analyse the needs of the client. This requires a critical
examination of the needs through feasibility studies.
Technical studies cover the production process selection, construction methodology,
location study, power and local resources availability, means of transportation, scope of
work, wastage disposal arrangement, construction cost estimates, preliminary time plan,
resource forecasts, outline project organization, and statement of project time and cost
objectives.
Financial analysis contains sales forecast, project budget, capital costs, profitability
trend, payback period, net present worth, cash flow forecast, and sources of financing.
Economic feasibility highlights social implications and cost benefit analysis.
Pre-Construction Phase
Selection of land
Preliminary design
Final design & preparation of working drawings
Selection of vendors for the execution of work & supply of equipments &
materials
2.
Construction Phase
Demarcation of the field area.
Construction of foundation for the stands and other sitting areas.
Construction of boundary walls.
Construction of steps with proper risers.
Construction of seats and VIP cabin
Construction of roof.
Provisions of services application of wall, floor and ceiling finish.
Completion of electrical and mechanical works.
External works: drainage etc.
Parking facility
Structure for Lights.
Road work.
3.
stages they are represented as Nodes in a network. So, arrows of the network are
joined in accordance with the interdependence of the activities, which they represent. In
small and simple work this interrelationship is obvious but in a large project it is
necessary to establish it systematically.
Assessing Duration
Assessment of duration of work can be carried out after the work breakdown structure is
created as it will help to assess the duration provided for every single activity that
comes under work breakdown. The estimation of this time is based upon the current
practices carried out in an organized manner under the normal prevailing conditions,
and the person responsible for its performance does its assessment preferably. The unit
of time can be a month, a week, a day or even an hour. Following is the calculation of
project duration considering delays due to several factors.
Project duration calculation:
The time available for construction = 16 months (Including monsoon)
Number of days per month = 30
Number of Sundays per month = 4
Thus number of working days per month = 30 4 = 26
Number of weeks per month = 4
Allowed project duration = 16 * 4 = 64 weeks
Loss of time due to monsoon = 4 weeks
Loss due to public holidays = 2 weeks
Thus, the project must be completed within 58 weeks.
Costing Activity
Cost estimating is one of the most important steps in project management. A cost
estimate establishes the base line of the project cost at different stages of development
of the project. A cost estimate at a given stage of project development represents a
prediction provided by the cost engineer or estimator on the basis of available data. The
costs of a constructed facility to the owner include both the initial capital cost and the
subsequent operation and maintenance costs. Each of these major cost categories
consists of a number of cost components. Costing activity comprises of the following
components:
1. Direct cost
Cost of material
Wages paid to labour
Expenditure on tools and equipment used on the activity.
2. Indirect cost
Supervision charges
Administrative charges
Interest and capital
Revenue due to early completion of work and loss due to delay.
Indirect costs is worked out per day of the project execution or it is allocated on the
basis of certain stages of work packages e.g. foundation, sill level, lintel level in the
case of building or foundations substructure super structure, approaches etc. Indirect
cost increases as duration increase and direct cost goes on decreasing as duration
increases.
Stadium needs and standards: Based on the given technical available data, following
proposal is made for the new stadium
Since the cost of construction need to be recovered within 5 years, following is the
calculation to check the economic feasibility of the project in which the comparison of
actual cost of construction and revenue collected in 5 years is done.
Assumed built up area of the stadium
= 90000 sq.m
S
No.
Number
Average Rate
Per Number
Total
Income
1
75,000
100
75,00,000
300
500
1,50,000
Advertisement / Sponsors /
Broadcasting
60,00,000
Parking
10,000
30
3,00,000
Stalls
20
3000
60,000
(-) 30,000
(-) 60,000
Miscellaneous
(-) 20,000
Expenses
1,39,00,000
5,56,00,000
27,80,00,000
Since the Total Income from the stadium in 5 years (27,80,00,000 INR) is more than the
Cost of Construction (27,00,00,000 INR) Hence, this project will be economically
feasible.
After preliminary planning of the project, detailed estimates of the cost is prepared for
the project which involves land costs, project construction cost, fee for the consultants,
indirect cost such as supervision cost, administration cost etc.
DESCRIPTION
DURATION (in
weeks)
Site preparation
Installation of tower
cranes and
demarcation of field
area
WORKING DETAIL
12
12
Slab concreting.
Installation of comfortable seats
specified for VIP cabin.
Construction of balcony/
Installation of rest room for the VIP
Placing of lines for AC, electrical and
water lines.
10
Provisions of
services
application of wall,
floor and ceiling
finish
12
Completion of
electrical and
mechanical works.
External works:
drainage etc.
Construction of
foundation for the
stands and other
sitting areas.
Construction of
boundary walls.
Construction of
steps with proper
risers, seat
installation and rest
room construction
Construction of
roof
Parking facility
Ground/ Pitch
Preparation
N
O
Dismantling of
tower crane and
other temporary
structures
Road work
1
2
Testing &
commissioning
Total Weeks
84
Following table describes the task details along with the assumed duration to complete
each task which will help to make a schedule for work. The total number of weeks
required to complete the project is 84 weeks but we have only 64 weeks (including
holidays/monsoon) to complete it. Hence, by networking and making a schedule in
which some of the independent tasks may proceed concurrently, we can minimise the
duration of the project from 84 weeks to 64 weeks.
The schedule given below gives the detail of work chart along with the duration reduced
from 84 weeks to 64 weeks.
RECOMMENDATIONS
i.
Make detailed schedule and maintain careful oversight during the project
to ensure a positive outcome.
ii.
iii.
iv.
The data that has been used in the project planning & sequencing has
been taken from earlier projects or assumed as per the situation.
v.
There will be variances in the planning & execution since the ground
situation & the planning assumptions have certain conflicts.
vi.
The variances are to be carefully monitored during the project execution &
corrected.
vii.
viii.
Working together as a team can achieve mutual goals and complete the
project within time.
BIBLIOGRAPHY / READINGS