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T E S T:ENGINEERING FLUI DM ECHANI CS[ VBBl063J V =P r # 1 o '

I

1.

a.

Explainthe followingterms:
r.

vapourpressure

ii.

potentialenergy

iii.

viscosity \nr
surfacetension

iv.

)d rr.
tF

Lal

) tr:

Ii, ^ o I' q - o '

eQ_ -1 .

it u 3 a

= {

JE

L r.

>5oD

r a.

c7

p:
I

[4 marks]

Y -- f 9\
:

b.

The pressurein an automobile

tyre dependson the temperature
of
the air in the tyre.when the air temperature
is 250c,the pressure
gauge reads 210 kPa. The volume of the tyre is constantat
0.025m3
and assumesthe atmospheric
pressureis 100 kpa. The
gas constantof air,R=0.287kPa.m3/kg.K.
i. "

Determinethe pressurerises,-,jnthe tyre when the air

temperature
in the tyrerisesto(SOoC)
\-/

[3 marks]
Determine
the amountof air that mustbe bledoff to restore
pressure
to theoriginal
valueat 500C.

ii.

c.

[3 marks]
The densityof seawateron the surfaceis approximately
1030
kg/m3at an atmospheric
pressureof gB kPa.The bulkmodurus
of
elasticityof seawateris 2.34x10eN/m'. The differential
pressure
changeacrossthe differential
fluidheightof dz is givenas dp=pgdz
and bulk modulusof elasticityof fluid can be expressedas

lap l . By disregarding
k, = pl.?l
the effectof temperature,
determine
LoP)r

densityof seawaterand its pressureat a depthof 2500m

L dp = f ")P

[10rnarks]

a
\ 3h
c(.t\ ,?o6O )
2
I
\
a,

I\

I\
I

=l

2o fo
rf

4l'

.>
L

\-

2.

'4.

ln the pipingsystem,the watertemperatureremainsunder400C:

Determinethe minimumpressureallowedin the systemto avoid
cavitation.

&
!

[2 marks]
A 1.9mmdiametertube is insertedinto an unknownliquidwhose
densityis 960 kg/m3,and it is observedthatthe liquidrisesSmmin
the surface
rf t5oC\Determine
t S0
the tube, makinga contactarylq Qt
\l
tensionof the liquid.

r-il,+

\/

\l

[4 marks]

/<\- /l --

c.v - t

A
c.

Jt3

Explain the differencebetween gauge pressureand absolute

pressure.
[4 marks]
by air and the pressureis
The water in the tank is pressurized
manometer
as shownin FIGUREQ2d.
measuredby a multi-fluid
and
the gaugepressurein the tankif hFj.2m, hz=0.3m,
Determine
The densitiesof water,oil and mercuryare 1000kg/m3,
hs=0.46m.
850kg/m3and 13,600kgim3respectively.

\./

Water

Mercury

FIGUREQ2d

[10marks]

3.

A longsolidcylinderof radius0.8mhingedat pbintA is usedas an

automaticgate as shown in FIGUREQ3. When the water levef
gateopensby turningaboutthe hinged
reaches5m, the cylindrical
at pointA. Takethe densityof wateras 1000kg/m3.
Determine:
i.

horizontalforceon the verticalface of the gate

[3 marks]

ii.

verticalforceon the horizontal

surfaceof the gate
[3 marks]

iii.

weightof fluidblockper unitlength

[4 marks]

iv.

the net verticalforce

[3 marks]

v.

the resultant
force
[3 marks]

vi.

perm length
theweightof thecylinder
[4 marks]

0.8mradius
-\
i?

\^

FIGUREQ3

F pDb

^o\
L J r,,{ '
--t nbL'

\ n . - t .^ 1
VV

{
-'- tvl n.6JN
l{

Plri._

vlhr
v,

{
.nO"L

l"J

nVr-.,

'

* -of/o)

APPENDIX
(orvapour)pressureof waterat varioustemperature:
Saturation
Temperature
T, "C Saturation

Temperature
T, "C Saturation

PressurePss1,
kPa

PressurePs1,kPa

- 10

0.260

25

3.17

-5

0.403

30

4.25

0.61 1

40

7.38

0.872

50

12.35

10

1.23

100

1 0 1 . 3( 1 a t m )

15

1.71

150

475.8

20

2.34

200

1554

Surfacetensionof somefluidsin air at '1atm and 200C

Fluid

Surfacetensionor, N/m

Water:
00c

0.076

20"c

0.073

100'c

0.059

300'c

0.014

Glycerin

0.063

Mercury

0.440

Kerosene

0.028