HYDROSPHERE

GEOSPHERE

DEFINITION

ATMOSPHERE

Vdeo: The Earths

layers

The Geosphere is the solid part of the Earth. It is formed by the

continents, the islands and the ocean floor.

THREE LAYERS

ONLINE GAME:
The Earths layers

Vdeo:
Summary

CRUST
It is the solid
outer layer of
the Earth made
up of rocks. It is
the thinnest
layer of the
geosphere.

MANTLE
It is the middle
layer made up of
dense rocky
substances. The
temperature of
the mantle is so
high that some
rocks are in a
liquid form
called magma.

CORE
It is the inner
layer of the
geosphere made
up basically of
iron. In the core,
the temperature
is even hotter
than the
temperature of
the mantle. The
core is divided
into the OUTER
CORE, which is
liquid and the
INNER CORE,
which is solid.

DEFINITION
The hydrosphere is made up by all the water on the Earth. We can find
this water on the three different states (liquid, solid and gaseous):

MORE INFO:
HYDROSPHERE

THREE STATES

LIQUID STATE
Salt water
(oceans and
seas), fresh
water (rivers,
lakes and
groundwater
water of the
aquifers
situated under
the Earths
surface).

GASEOUS
STATE
Water vapour in
the atmosphere.
When it
condenses,
clouds are
formed.

SOLID STATE
Snow and ice
(Greenland

and

Antartica).

Vdeo:
The atmosphere

SONG:
Atmoshpere
DEFINITION

The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds the Earth. It is essential for life.
The atmosphere is composed by a mixture of different gases. The most common are:
nitrogen and oxygen. It also contains smaller quantities of carbon dioxide, ozone and
water vapour.
TROPOSPHERE: It is the layer closest to

STRATOSPHERE:

the Earths surface. It contains most of

above the troposphere. This layer

the gases and water vapour in the

atmosphere. In this layer we can observe
weather phenomena, such as clouds, wind
and air.

MAIN LAYERS

It is the layer

contains the ozone layer. Ozone is a

gas

that

protects

human

beings

against the Suns ultraviolet rays.

DEFINITION
The process by which rocks are broken down by the action of air and water is called weathering.

THREE TYPES

EROSION: is the
removal of soil and
rocks

by

the

actions

of

wind

and water.

TRANSPORT: is the movement

of eroded material (wind and
water transport the materials
eroded).

DEPOSITION AND
SEDIMENTATION:
The materials eroded
are deposited on a
new place. The
sedimentation is the
accumulation of
eroded material from
other places

PHOTO GALLERY:
Erosion and weathering

IGNEOUS

METAMORPHIC

ROCKS: are
formed when
magma from a
volcano cools and
solidifies (Granite
and Basalt).

ROCKS: are
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS: are formed from
pieces of other rocks or pieces of living
things (Coal, Gypsum and Petroleum). In
this type of rocks, fossils can be found.

formed when heat

or pressure
changes the
original rocks.
Metamorphic
means change
(Marble and

Song:
Three types of rocks

Complete this
chart:

Slate). Marble is
formed from
limestone.

Vdeo:
Rocks Cycle

Worksheet:
Rocks Cycle

Volcanoes are openings in the Earths

crust where magma comes to the surface.
Magma is liquid rock found deep inside the
Earth. When magma comes to the surface, it is
called lava. Magma goes up through a vent called
a volcanic chimney, and rises through a circular
opening called a crater. Volcanoes also expel
gases, ash and rock fragments which form the
volcanic cone.

THREE TYPES

Earthquakes are strong movements of the

Earths crust caused by the sudden release
of energy from beneath the surface. Most
earthquakes are so small that only machines
can detect them. But powerful earthquakes
can be destructive and deadly. These
earthquakes can destroy buildings or even
change the course of a river or the shape of
the land.
When earthquakes occur under the sea, they
are called seaquakes. They produce gigantic
waves called tsunamis, which are very
destructive.

ACTIVE

DORMANT

VOLCANOES:

VOLCANOES: are

have erupted at

sleeping, but might

least once in the

be active again.

last 10.000 years.

They have erupted

in the past.

EXTINCT
VOLCANOES:
have no erupted
for more than
10.000 years.
Scientists think
they will not
erupt again.

MORE INFO:
EARTHQUAKES

Worksheet:
Earthquakes

Label the parts

of a volcano: