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at Flicker Evaluation
Victoria F. POLEC, Virgil MAIER, Sorin G. PAVEL, Horia G. BELEIU and Claudiu CIORCA
Department of Electrical Power Systems and Management
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca
Cluj-Napoca, Romania
I.
functions
identification,
INTRODUCTION
THEORETICAL BASICS
A. Flicker phenomenon
The flicker is defined by the impression of the visual
sensation instability produced by a luminous stimulus whose
luminance or spectral distribution fluctuates over time [3].
This definition coordinates are extremely important in
order to understand the implementation modality of the flicker
evaluation analytical methods. Essentially is the fact that we
deal with instability or a variability of the visual sensation.
The overtime fluctuation term highlights the periodically
character of the visual sensation, with periodicities in the
fluctuations specific domain.
Within a lighting system, the luminance variations may be
related to the voltage variations. Due to this fact, the voltage
fluctuations represent by definition variations of the voltage
effective or peak values (amplitudes) within 10%, produced
in the (0,00325) Hz frequency domain (periodicities between
40 ms5 min) [2,5].
U j
| U j U j 1 |
2U n
U 10
fi
U fi
, %
T0
b. Flicker dose
The voltage fluctuations influence on the eyesight depends
not only on the frequency and amplitude, but also on the
modulating signal shape, as shown in Fig. 2.
(U10 )i g fi U fi ,
%,
x p , pR
y p , pR
ey
ln y , y 0
lg y
, y0
Mk
in order to find the function coefficients. All C Np
possible
combinations of points are generated in the program and for
each of them the corresponding elementary functions are
determined.
2
( Ygiven k Ycalc k )
k 0
N p ( N p 1)
Ymed
1 N p 1
Yk
N p k 0
y F Fx x
y Fy1 F x
MSE
100, %
Ymed
min-1
%
min-1
%
6
3,5
0,778
1000
0,61
3
10
3
1
1200
2,146
0,615
20
2,46
1,301
1600
2,301
0,79
60
1,85
1,778
1800
2,477
0,89
100
1,6
2
2000
2,602
0,96
200
1,42
2,301
2
1,305 N f 6,74 N f 8,98, N f 1150 2000.
where Nf represents the number of fluctuations per minute.
The graphical representation of the identified functions in
accordance with (10) is shown in Fig. 5 considering x = Nf.
Hz
%
Hz
%
0,9
1,2
10
0,305
1
1,12
12
0,33
3
0,69
15
0,42
5
0,43
20
0,674
8
0,3
23
0,9
TABLE III.
SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD OF THE HUMAN EYESIGHT,
DEPENDING ON THE MODULATION SIGNAL FREQUENCY, FOR RECTANGULAR
MODULATION
f
U%
f
U%
Hz
%
Hz
%
0
0,38
12
0,25
1
0,38
15
0,314
3
0,34
20
0,485
5
0,26
23
0,545
8
0,195
25
0,60
10
0,2
f
gf
f
gf
Hz
Hz
-
1
0,3
15
0,85
2,5
0,47
17,5
0,83
5
0,76
20
0,825
7,5
0,93
22,5
0,822
10
1
25
0,82
12,5
0,93
U %
0,101, f 1 10;
0,553 cos f 70,6 0,818, f 10 25.
f
gf
f
gf
1
0,14
15
0,67
Hz
Hz
-
2,5
0,26
17,5
0,5
5
0,53
20
0,39
7,5
0,8
22,5
0,3
10
1
25
0,24
12,5
0,86
26,03
0,137 , f 10 25.
1,311 cos f
U %
IV.
CONCLUSIONS
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]