Chemistry

2010
Paper 2
2 hours & 30 Minutes
Name________________________________

Grade__________________

READ THE FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS CAREFULLY

1. This paper consists of two (2) sections A and B. Answer ALL questions in each section.
SECTION A 33 Marks
1
a. The following flow chart shows the steps in the extraction of sucrose from sugar cane.
Step 1

Step 2

Crushing
and Milling

(i)

Filtration

Step 3

Step 4

Precipitation

Clarification
using slaked
lime

Step 5
Vacuum
Distillation
or
Evaporation

Briefly outline what happens in step 1

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(2 marks)

(ii)

Discuss the processes which take place in steps 2, 4 and 5 above.

Step 2
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Step 4
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Step 5
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(6 marks)
Total 8 marks
2. Define the term isotope and give two examples.
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(4)
a. State two uses of isotopes.
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(2)
b. Although there are more than one thousand isotopes, only about one hundred and
nine elements exist. Give ONE reason for this observation.
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(2)
c. Naturally occurring silver is a mixture of two isotopes, 47Ag and 47Ag. However,
its relative atomic mass is 108. In contrast, although naturally occurring carbon is
a mixture of two isotopes, 6C and 6C, its relative atomic mass is 12. Explain how
this is possible.
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(2)
Total 10 marks

3. Students were asked a number of questions based on the information given in table 2
TABLE 2: PROPERTIES OF SOME METALS
Metals

Atomic Number

Electronic

Reactivity with

Arrangement
2, 8, 1

Water
Reacts vigorously

20

with cold water

Reacts slowly with
water at room

13

2, 8, 3

temperature
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The following statements were taken from one of the students notebooks. These
statements are INCORRECT. You should state why the statement is incorrect and give the
correct statement where required.
(i) INCORRECT STATEMENT:
The atomic number of metal A is 1 since it has one electron in its outer shell.
(a) Explain why statement is incorrect:
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(b) Correct statement:
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(4 marks)
(ii) INCORRECT STATEMENT:

Metal C forms ions of the type C5- when it combines with non-metals since it requires 5
electrons to complete its octet.
(a) Explain why statements is incorrect:
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(b) Correct statement:
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(4 marks)
(iii) INCORRECT STATEMENT:
If a strip of metal C is placed into a solution containing ions of metals B, metal C would
dissolve and metal B would be deposited.
(a) Explain why statement is incorrect:
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(b) Correct statement:
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(4 marks)
(iv) Metal A can be stored in an open container at room temperature.
(a) Explain why statement is incorrect:
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(b) Correct statements:

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(c) Suggest a possible way of storing metal A.
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(3 marks)
Total 15 marks

SECTION B 51 Marks
Answer all questions
1. The properties of solid substances depend upon
The properties of the particles they contain
The arrangement of the particles
The bonding between these particles
Depending upon their structure and properties, solids may be classified as having giant
ionic, giant metallic, giant covalent or molecular lattice structures
a.

Discuss how EACH of the following properties is related to the lattice structure of
diamond:
i.
Melting Point
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ii.

Conduction of electricity
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4 marks

b.

Suggest possible explanations for EACH of the following sets of observations:

i.
Graphite is a non-metal, yet it conducts electricity. Include a structure
of the graphite lattice in your answer.

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5 marks
ii.

Why liquid ice is able to float in water?

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1 mark

iii.

Why is diamond is hardest natural substance known to man?

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2 marks

(d) Based on your knowledge of solid air fresheners, would you classify them as having giant
ionic, giant covalent or molecular lattice? Explain your answer.

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3 marks
Total 20 Marks
2. Solid, gaseous and liquid substances combine in various ways to form mixtures. The
properties of mixtures depend on those of the substances that make them up. These
properties also serve as a means by which mixtures may be classified and a basis on
which they may be separated.

a. Suspensions, solutions and colloids are examples of mixtures. Distinguish among

solutions, suspensions and colloids
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(4 marks)
b. A student carried out an experiment to compare the solubilities of three salts,
hydrated copper (II) sulphate, potassium nitrate and sodium chloride at different
temperatures. Table 1 shows the data collected during the experiment.
TABLE 1: COMPARISON OF SOLUBILITIES OF THREE SALTS
Temperature / oC
Mass (g) crystals dissolved in 100 cm3 of water
Hydrated Copper Potassium Nitrate Sodium Chloride
(II) Sulphate
10
17
21
35.5
20
21
30
36.0
40
29
44
36.6
60
40
110
37.3
80
55
170
38.4
c. Using the data in table 1, describe the effect of temperature on the solubilities of
hydrated copper (II) sulphate, potassium nitrate and sodium chloride.
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(3 marks
d.

On the graph sheet provided, plot the data for potassium nitrate
(5 marks)

e.

From your graph:

i. Predict how much potassium nitrate will dissolve at 90 oC.
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(2 marks)
ii.Determine how much potassium nitrate will be precipitated if the solution is cooled
from 60 oC to 10 oC.
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(2 marks)

(Total 16 Marks)
3. Change the following word equations into chemical equations giving the state symbols
and balancing them.
1. Lead (II) nitrite + Tin manganate

Lead manganate + Tin nitrite

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2. Lead (II) phosphate + Zinc chromate

Lead chromate + Zinc phosphate

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3. Silver nitrate + copper chloride

Silver chloride + copper nitrate

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4. Barium nitrate + Sulphuric acid

Barium sulphate + Nitric acid

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5. Hydrogen bromide + Calcium hydroxide

Calcium bromide + water

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(10 marks)
b. Complete the following chemical equations giving their state symbols and balancing
them
1.

MgCl2 + Na2CO3

2.

Fe(NO3)3 + NaOH

3.

Cl2 + NaI

4.

Mg + Cu(NO3)2

5.

Fe + CuSO4
(10 marks)
-END OF EXAMINATION-