TechRef Imeas PDF

DIgSILENT Technical
Documentation
Current Measurement
DIgSILENT GmbH
Heinrich-Hertz-Strasse 9
D-72810 Gomaringen
Tel.: +49 7072 9168 - 0
Fax: +49 7072 9168- 88
http://www.digsilent.de
e-mail: mail@digsilent.de
Current Measurement
Published by
DIgSILENT GmbH, Germany
Copyright 2009. All rights
reserved. Unauthorised copying
or publishing of this or any part
of this document is prohibited.
TechRef StaImea V1
Build 337 05.05.2009
Current Measurement
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 RMS EQUATIONS........................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1.1 Balanced .................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1.2 Unbalanced ................................................................................................................................................................ 5
1.2 EMT EQUATIONS........................................................................................................................................................... 5
2 INPUT/OUTPUT DEFINITION OF DYNAMIC MODELS ........................................................................................... 7
2.1 STABILITY MODEL (RMS)............................................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 EMT MODEL .................................................................................................................................................................. 8
3 INPUT PARAMETER DEFINITIONS........................................................................................................................ 9
Current Measurement
1 General Description
The current measurement device can be used to measure the current flow at a cubicle of any element, which is connected to a
terminal/busbar. The measured current can then be fed for example into a controller. The reference Measurement Location
defines the cubicle at which the current is measured. If no measurement location is set, the current measurement element
should be placed inside a cubicle, which then defines automatically the measurement point.
The direction (sign) of the current flow is depending on the element and its connection point. For loads, motors or passive
elements (lines, transformers, etc.) the current flow is always defined in the direction of the active power flow in load
orientation. This means the current is always flowing out of the terminal into the element. For sources, e.g. generators, external
network, current and voltage sources, etc. the current and thus the power flow is in generator orientation and thus out of the
element in the direction of the connected bus.
The current output is depending on the current rating setting, which can be defined for the current measurement. The current
output can be based on:
Internal Rating (1MVA, nominal voltage)
Current Rating of Connected Element
User Defined Current Rating in kA
Rated currents correspond to rated RMS currents. Real and imaginary part of the positive sequence currents are related to the
reference angle (rotor angle of the reference machine).
The measurement device is mostly used in combination with controller models. In PowerFactory it is possible to use a different
simulation algorithm, the so-called A-stable integration algorithm, for parts of the network. If an element and its controller
models are using this A-stable integration algorithm, the connected measurement device should also use this algorithm, thus
the flag iAstabint on the RMS-simulation page should be selected.
1.1 RMS Equations

In RMS-Simulation (balanced or unbalanced), the current measurement element returns the positive sequence component of
the measured current in p.u. based on the rated current.
1.1.1 Balanced
Calculation of the current magnitude from real and imaginary part of the current for balanced RMS simulation:
i = ir2 + ii2
Current Measurement
(1)
1.1.2 Unbalanced
i, ii and ir are positive sequence currents. The current magnitude for unbalanced RMS simulation is calculated as follows:
3-phase system:
1
1
1
3
3
ib + j
ic
ia + + j
2

3
2
2
2

ir = Re{i}
i=
(2)
ii = Im{i}
2-phase system:
i=
1
(ia + ib )
2
(3)
Single-phase system:
i = ia
(4)
DC system:
ir = ia
(5)
ii = 0
1.2 EMT Equations

ir, ii and i are the phasor currents and ia, ib and ic are the instantaneous phase values in kA of the measured phase currents. The
phase currents are transformed to space vectors (phasor) in the --system. The factors of the -transformation are selected
in a way that the rated current corresponds to an RMS-value. E.g. a symmetrical three-phase current with an RMS-value of 1kA
(peak value of
2 kA) will result in an -current with a magnitude of
i + i = 1 p.u., assuming a rated current of 1kA.
Hence, the output of RMS- and EMT-simulation is compatible, which is important for models that shall be used in both
simulation modes.
The zero-sequence is neglected in the transformation. i is corresponding to the output ir and i to the output ii of the current
measurement device. For 2-phase systems an analogous transformation is used.
The output currents for EMT simulation are calculated as follows:
Current Measurement
3-phase system:
1
(2 ia ib ic )
3
1
ii = 3 ib 3 ic
3
ir =
(6)
2-phase system:
1
(ia + ib )
2
ii = 0
ir =
(7)
Single-phase system:
ir = ia
ii = 0
(8)
DC system:
ir = ia
ii = 0
(9)
The current magnitude is in all cases defined as:
i = ir2 + ii2
Current Measurement
(10)
2 Input/Output Definition of Dynamic Models

2.1 Stability Model (RMS)
i
ir_A
ir
ii_A
ii
Figure 1: Input/Output Definition of the current measurement for balanced stability analysis (RMS-simulation)
ir_A
ii_A
i
ir_B
ir
ii_B
ii
ir_C
ii_C
Figure 2: Input/Output Definition of the current measurement for unbalanced stability analysis (RMSsimulation)
ir_A
ir
Figure 3: Input/Output Definition of the current measurement for balanced stability analysis (RMS-simulation)
in DC networks
Table 1: Input Definition of the RMS-Model (for internal use only)
Current Measurement
Parameter
ir_A
Description
Input Current, Real Part, Phase A
Unit
p.u.
(based on 1MVA and nominal voltage)

ii_A
Input Current, Imaginary Part, Phase A
p.u.

ir_B
Input Current, Real Part, Phase B
p.u.

ii_B
Input Current, Imaginary Part, Phase B
p.u.

ir_C
Input Current, Real Part, Phase C
p.u.

ii_C
Input Current, Imaginary Part, Phase C
p.u.
Table 2: Output Definition of the RMS-Model
Parameter
Description
Output Current, Magnitude
p.u.
Unit
ir
Output Current, Real Part
p.u.
ii
Output Current, Imaginary Part
p.u.
2.2 EMT Model

i_A
i_B
ir
i_C
ii
Figure 4: Input/Output Definition of the current measurement for EMT analysis
i_A
ir
Figure 5: Input/Output Definition of the current measurement for EMT analysis in DC networks
Current Measurement
3 Input Parameter Definitions
Table 3: Input Definition of the EMT-Model (for internal use only)
Parameter
Description
i_A
Input Current, Phase A
Unit
p.u.

i_B
p.u.
Input Current, Phase B

i_C
p.u.
Input Current, Phase C

Table 4: Output Definition of the EMT-Model
Parameter
Description
Output Current, Magnitude
p.u.
Unit
ir
Output Current, Real Part
p.u.
ii
Output Current, Imaginary Part
p.u.
3 Input Parameter Definitions

Table 5: Parameter Definitions
Parameter
Description
loc_name
Name
pcubic
Measurement cubicle for current measurement
i_mode
Used current rating
Inom
User defined current rating
iAstabint
A-stable integration algorithm
Current Measurement
Unit
kA

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DIgSILENT Technical

Internal Rating (1MVA, nominal voltage)

Current Rating of Connected Element

User Defined Current Rating in kA

1.1 RMS Equations

1.2 EMT Equations

2 kA) will result in an -current with a magnitude of

i + i = 1 p.u., assuming a rated current of 1kA.

The current magnitude is in all cases defined as:

2 Input/Output Definition of Dynamic Models

2 Input/Output Definition of Dynamic Models

Table 1: Input Definition of the RMS-Model (for internal use only)

2 Input/Output Definition of Dynamic Models

(based on 1MVA and nominal voltage)

Input Current, Imaginary Part, Phase A

(based on 1MVA and nominal voltage)

Input Current, Real Part, Phase B

(based on 1MVA and nominal voltage)

Input Current, Imaginary Part, Phase B

(based on 1MVA and nominal voltage)

Input Current, Real Part, Phase C

(based on 1MVA and nominal voltage)

Input Current, Imaginary Part, Phase C

(based on 1MVA and nominal voltage)

Table 2: Output Definition of the RMS-Model

Output Current, Magnitude

Output Current, Real Part

Output Current, Imaginary Part

2.2 EMT Model

Figure 4: Input/Output Definition of the current measurement for EMT analysis

3 Input Parameter Definitions

Table 3: Input Definition of the EMT-Model (for internal use only)

Input Current, Phase A

(based on 1MVA and nominal voltage)

Input Current, Phase B

Input Current, Phase C

Table 4: Output Definition of the EMT-Model

Output Current, Magnitude

Output Current, Real Part

Output Current, Imaginary Part

3 Input Parameter Definitions

Measurement cubicle for current measurement

Used current rating

User defined current rating

A-stable integration algorithm

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