Noriyati binti Tasiman

660602105090002
HBSC3403-Semester September 2008

TABLE OF CONTENT

PAGE

1. Composition of Inhaled and Exhaled Air

2. Deforestation Affects Our Environment.
3. Conversation and Preservation of Natural Resources
4. Lesson Plan
5. Reference

Noriyati binti Tasiman

660602105090002
HBSC3403-Semester September 2008

(a) Breathing is a physical process that enable us to take in enough oxygen for
respiration. Inhaled air and exhaled air differ in the composition of oxygen,
carbon dioxide, heat and water vapour.

The Composition of Inhaled and Exhaled Air.

Inhaled air
Exhaled air

Oxygen

Carbon

21%
16%

dioxide
0.03%
4%

Nitrogen Water
78%
78%

vapour
A little
Saturated

Heat
A little
More

(b) Explain how deforestation affects our environment.

Deforestation Affects Our Environment.
Many of the earths most delicate ecosystems have been affected by rampant and
irresponsible deforestation. Although the dire effects are well known and
documented by researches around the world, deforestation still persists by those
who wish to flout the law. Why are forest ecosystems so valuable and what are the
effects of deforestation in our world?
Deforestation occurs when areas that used to be forested are converted for use in
other ways such as logging or as agricultural ground. Deforestation can be at the
heart of many problems that affect our environment.
At issue in the debate over deforestation, is how to balance corporate and human
needs for forest land, against the needs of the environment. Deforestation is really

Noriyati binti Tasiman

660602105090002
HBSC3403-Semester September 2008

a case by case problem but it happens for a few main reasons. The leading causes
of deforestation include expansion of agricultural lands, dams and other
development projects, fires, logging and mining. In all cases except fire, the
underlying cause of deforestation is economic.
DEFORESTATION

baked soil

loos of shade

burning

less
evaporation

flooding

leaching and

litter

less

erosion

destroyed

precipitation

topsoil lost

microorganisms

increase

lost

drought

reduce plant
growth

degraded
vegetation
Among the ecosystems that currently exist, forest ecosystems have been widely
recognized as one of the most efficient and delicate on earth. Forests are
important ecosystems because they hold many important nutrients and help to

Noriyati binti Tasiman

660602105090002
HBSC3403-Semester September 2008

recycle nutrients too. They are also important because they absorb and hold water
thus making them a very rich and porous humus topsoil.
Deforestation happens when trees are cut down on a wide scale. This will lead to
widespread disruption of a forest ecosystem. When a forest is cleared, the humus
rich topsoil is left exposed leading to a number of dire consequences. The rain that
falls on the exposed soil converts that rich topsoil into a sealed-off soil that is
moist and muddy. It causes the soil to be washed easily into waterways. What is
left behind is poor subsoil that leaves the land vulnerable to more natural erosion.
In other words, deforestation leads to massive soil and land erosion.

Logging Deforestation occurs

When deforestation happens in tropical rain forests, the effects are more
devastating. It is because humus topsoil in tropical rain forests is known to be
very thin and lacking in nutrients, so when deforestation occurs, the topsoil that is
left behind is very vulnerable and will tend to wash away and erode easily. After
deforestation in tropical rain forests, the only thing left is very poor nutrient, hard,
clay-like subsoil that is not rich enough to sustain most forms of agriculture.
Sediments that are washed away eventually enter our drains, streams and rivers.
These eroding sediments are often responsible for clogging up water channel
leading to the problem of flooding. Soil erosion upsets surrounding ecosystems

Noriyati binti Tasiman

660602105090002
HBSC3403-Semester September 2008

and has been known to be responsible for killing off the fishes and flooding
reservoirs.

Deforestation Topsoil loos

Deforestation topsoil lost

However despite all the ill effects, deforestation still happens around the world at
alarming rates, especially in developing countries. A survey carried out by the
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that 33.8 million
trees were cleared between 1990 and 1995 in developing countries. That area
would be 3 times the size of France! Why? What is happening? It is because
forests are ready source of timber and wealth and after the forests are cleared,
theres room for agriculture. Most of the agriculture is directed the to the planting
of cash crops and grass and other crops to support greater beef promotion.

Noriyati binti Tasiman

660602105090002
HBSC3403-Semester September 2008

(c) Briefly describe conversation and preservation of our natural resources.

Conversation and Preservation of Our Natural Resources.
The Earth is the only planet in the solar system that is inhabited by living things.
Water, air, soil, minerals, fossil fuel and living things are the most important
resources on Earth. Water, air, soil, minerals and fossil fuel are resources that are
non-living thing. The basic resources are needed to sustain life process of
mankind and all other organisms on Earth.
The rapid growth of the worlds population has greatly reduced our Earths natural
resources such as clean air, clean water, fuel supplies, fertile soil and even some
useful living things. As Earths resources are required to ensure the continuity of
life on Earth, they need to preserved and conversed.
Preservation of Earths natural resources involves the protection of the natural
resources so that they are not damaged or destroyed.
Examples:
1. Various measures, including the banning of open burning and discharged of
toxic wastes into rivers are taken to overcome or to reduce the problems
related to the different forms of pollution, sound pollution and others.
2. Replanting of trees is carried out in areas where deforestation has taken place.
3. Forest reserve, wildlife parks, botanical gardens and marine parks are some
examples of places where natural habitats are preserved.
Conversation of Earths natural resources involves the careful use of energy, water
and other natural resources so that they are not wasted or lost.
Examples:
5

Noriyati binti Tasiman

660602105090002
HBSC3403-Semester September 2008

1. Energy saving devices are used to optimize the use of the energy. This is
turn converse our energy supplies.
2. Water saving devices such as automatic taps are used to reduce the loss of
clean water during washing.
3. Alternative food and fuel supplies are needed to reduce the problems caused
by deforestation, overhunting and overfishing.
Reusing and recycling are some of the common methods used to preserve and
converse the Earths natural resources.
Examples :
1. Reusing plastic bags help to preserve the environment by reducing plastic the
number of discarded plastic bags. Energy supply and raw raw materials
needed to make new plastic bags are also conversed.
2. Recycling of paper helps to preserve forests by reducing the number of trees
cut down. Energy supply is also conversed as less energy is used to make
recycled paper.
Conclusion
Preservation and conversation of resources will ensure that there will be enough
resources for us as well as for future generations.

Noriyati binti Tasiman

660602105090002
HBSC3403-Semester September 2008

(c) Design a lesson plan with aim to teach conversation and preservation of
natural resources.
Name of the topic

: The important of proper management of natural resources.

General objective

: Student should be able to understand the importance of

proper management of natural resources.

Learning outcomes : By the end of the lesson, student should be able to:1. Generate ideas on proper ways to manage natural
resources in order to maintain balance in nature.
2. Explain

with

examples

the

effects

improper

management of natural resources.

3. Justify the need for proper management of the
environment.
Target audience

: Form 1

Prior Knowledge

: Pupils have learnt how to converse and preserve material

in Year 6

Procedure

Set induction
1. The teacher plays the CD and asks students to identify some of the effects
ecological disasters.
Question : What are the effect we see from the ecological disaster?

Noriyati binti Tasiman

660602105090002
HBSC3403-Semester September 2008

2. The teacher then prompts the student to identify the possible effects of these
ecological disasters on the countrys natural resources.
Question : Can you identify the possible effect of these ecological disaster on
the countrys natural resources?
Step 1
1. The teacher plays the CD and explains the role of natural resources in
maintaining balance in nature.
2. Students are prompt to identify some proper ways of managing resources.
Question : What are some proper ways of managing resources?
3. The teacher then explains further the proper ways of managing natural
resources.
4. Students are then guided to justify the need for proper management of natural
resources.
Step 2
1. Get the students to work in groups of three.
2. Students are asked to identify the proper justification for each of natural
resources.
Question : Can you identify the proper justification for each of natural
resources?
3. The teacher then conducts discussion with the students to correct answers for
the activity.
Step 3
8

Noriyati binti Tasiman

660602105090002
HBSC3403-Semester September 2008

1. Instruct the student to answer Evaluation Questions 1 to 5 using the Activity

sheet.
Step 4
1. Reinforce students understanding and retention by going through the
summary with them.
Evaluation

: Activity sheets, Questioning skill,

Noriyati binti Tasiman

660602105090002
HBSC3403-Semester September 2008

REFERENCES
1. Book
Tho lai Hoong, Hudzairi Abdul Ghani and Toh Kim Kau. (2008). Science
PMR 123. Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. Petaling Jaya.
Yeoh Seng Lee, Sim Be Lan and Tan Yu Hok and Suraya binti Jamaludin.
(2002). Science Form 1 Volume 2. Bakaprep Sdn. Bhd. Kuala Lumpur.
Dr. Zainal Zahari Zainuddin. (2008). HBSC3403 Teaching of Science:
Material And Physical Lower Secondary School. Open University Malaysia.
Kuala Lumpur.
2. Website
http://www.google.com.my/search?hl=en&q=natural+resources&meta=
http://www.floridaconversation.org/duck/Waterfowl_Surveys/waterfowl_surve
ys.htm

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