Optimum quality is obtained when processing times and temperatures are kept

as low as possible during concentration of the products. The most critical portion
in the process occurs during the brief time that the product is in contact with a
heat transfer surface which is hotter than the product itself.
In a rising film design, liquid feed enters the bottom of the heat exchanger and
when evaporation begins, vapor bubbles are formed. As the product continues up
the tubular passage and the evaporation process continues, vapour occupies an
increasing amount of the passage. Eventually, the entire center is filled with
vapor while the liquid forms a film on the heat transfer surface.
The effect of gravity on a rising film evaporator is twofold. It acts to keep the
liquid from rising in the passage. Further, the weight of the liquid and vapor in
the channel pressurizes the fluid at the bottom and with the increased pressure
comes an increase in the boiling point.
The majority of the liquid residence time occurs in the lower portion of the
passage before there is sufficient vapor to form a film. If the liquid is not
preheated above the boiling point, there will be no vapor. And since a liquid pool
will fill the entire area, the residence time will increase.

Where y =Local weight fraction of vapour

= vapour density
= liquid density
Also

Where t = time
A = cross sectional area
L = tube length
= liquid rate