Governance refers to "all processes of governing, whether

undertaken by a government, market or network, whether

over a family, tribe, formal or informal organization or
territory and whether through laws, norms, power or
language."[1] It relates to "the processes of interaction and
decision-making among the actors involved in a collective

problem that lead to the creation, reinforcement, or

reproduction of social norms and institutions."[2]
To distinguish the term governance from

government: a government is a formal body invested with

the authority to make decisions in a given political system.
In this case the governance process, which includes all the
actors involved in influencing the decision-making process
(such as lobbies, parties, medias), is centered on the

relevant "governing body". Whether the organization is

a geopolitical entity (nation-state), a corporate entity
(business entity), a socio-political entity (chiefdom, tribe,

family, etc.), or an informal one, its governance is the way

the rules, norms and actions are produced, sustained, and
regulated. The degree of formality depends on the internal
rules of a given organization

Good governance is about the processes for making and

implementing decisions. Its not about making correct decisions, but
about the best possible process for making those decisions.

Good decision-making processes, and therefore good governance,

share several characteristics. All have a positive effect on various
aspects of local government including consultation policies and
practices, meeting procedures, service quality protocols, councilor
and officer conduct, role clarification and good working relationships.
Characteristics of good governance

Participation
All men and women should have a voice in
decision-making, either directly or through
legitimate intermediate institutions that represent
their interests. Such broad participation is built on
freedom of association and speech, as well as
capacities to participate constructively.
Rule of law
Legal frameworks should be fair and enforced
impartially, particularly the laws on human
rights.
Transparency
Transparency is built on the free flow of
information. Processes, institutions and
information are directly accessible to those
concerned with them, and enough information is
provided to understand and monitor them.
Responsiveness
Institutions and processes try to serve all
stakeholders.
Consensus orientation
Good governance mediates differing interests to
reach a broad consensus on what is in the best
interests of the group and,. where possible, on
policies and procedures.
Equity
All men and women have opportunities to
improve or maintain their well-being.
Effectiveness and efficiency
Processes and institutions produce results that
meet needs while making the best use of
resources.
Accountability
Decision-makers in government, the private
sector and civil society organisations are
accountable to the public, as well as to

institutional stakeholders. This accountability

differs depending on the organisations and
whether the decision is internal or external to an
organisation.
Strategic vision
Leaders and the public have a broad and longterm perspective on good governance and human
development, along with a sense of what is
needed for such development. There is also an
understanding of the historical, cultural and
social complexities in which that perspective is
grounded.

A duty or obligation to satisfactorily perform or complete

a task (assigned by someone, or created by one's own promise or
circumstances) that one must fulfill, and which has a
consequent penalty for failure.

Responsibility is being accountable for who you are and what you
do.
Responsibility is being dependable and trustworthy. Someone who
is
responsible does his/her best and doesn't blame others for his/her
mistakes.
A responsible person makes sure a job is done correctly and on
time. A
person who is responsible has a moral duty to follow through and
complete
assigned tasks shows that you are responsible.
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