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Case Study:
HSLA steel
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Bleck
Outline
Process development
Material design
Al-alloyed steels
TWIP steels
SULC steels
TRIP steels
IF-steels
BH-steels
DP-steels
P-alloyed steels
microalloyed steels
post-rolled steels
1975
Hot Rolled
Consumption, 103 t
CP, Mart,
TRIP
Boron
HSLA
CMn
Boron
DP
CP, Mart, TRIP
DP
CMn
7.000
6.000
HSIF,
isotropic
BH, P
HSLA
3.000
2.000
2.000
1.000
1.000
2000
2000
2005
DP
4.000
3.000
1995
1995
CP, Mart,
TRIP
HSLA
BH, P
HSIF, Isotropic
DP
CP, Mart, TRIP
5.000
4.000
0
1990
1990
Cold Rolled
7.000
5.000
1985
Chronological development of
high strength steels for car bodies
Outline
6.000
1980
isotropic steels
2005
2010
Year
HSLA
0
1990
1995
2000
Year
2005
2010
Source: Leitner, E.: Hot & Cold Rolled High Strength Steels in Western Europe, Pariser & Leitner, Wien, 2002
Outline
IF-status of matrix
influence on recristallisation
texture development
grain boundary reinforcement
grain refinement
precipitation hardening
increase of hardenability
influence on diffusion during hot dip
galvanizing
Characteristics of
microalloying elements
200
Microstructural impact of
microalloying elements
Acceleration of
Transformation
very coarse
ca. 100 nm
AlN
Nb(C,N)
100
80
60
coarse
ca. 50 nm
40
Grain refinement
Precipitation hardening
grain refinement
medium strength
good toughness
20
fine
ca. 10 nm
precipitation hardening
high strength
medium toughness
800
1000
1200
Precipitation temperature, C
Hot strip
mill
Thin Slab
Compact
strip mill
Casted
Strip
Hot rolling
heat treatment
1000
area of recristallisation
CAL
Tandem
mill
HDG
CAL
Cold
rolling
rolling temperature in C
Slab
Outline
Nb
950
Ti
900
850
V
800
area of strongly delayed or
inhibited recristallisation
HDG
HDG : Hot Dip Galvanizing Line
CAL: Continuous Annealing Line
Hot rolled
strip
Cold rolled
strip
750
0
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,10
0,12
0,14
0,16
100
ca. 1200C-1050C
900C-750C
RT
650C
80
0.002 % C
0 % Nb
60
40
[Nb]
NbC
0.020 % C
0.10 % Nb
0
1
Finishing
Cooling
Coiling
TiN
NbC,TiC
NbC,V(C,N)
[M]
In solution
slight
hindrance of
grain growth
slight
delay of
recristallisation
hindrance of
diffusion
decrease of
/transf.-temp.
NbC,TiC,
V(C,N)
coarse
particles
100nm
strong
hindrance of
grain growth
acceleration of
recristallisation
fine,
deform. induced
particles
10nm
20
10-1
Roughing
0.002 % C
0.10 % Nb
10
102
strong
delay of
recristallisation
fine,
in rows arranged
particles
10nm
103
104
microstructure
fine austenite
grain
Fine ferrite
grain
Fine austenite
grain
Fine ferrite
grain
elongated
austenite
Fine ferrite
grain
part-coherent
precipitate
in /-phaseboundary
precipitation
hardening
extreme fine
particles
<10nm
coherent
precipitate
in -phase
precipitation
hardening
Interpass time in s
II
50
CRR 60-70%
precipitation
hardening
45 K/s
175
dislocation
hardening
7 K/s
ferrite +
pearlite
microstructural
hardening
100 K/s
500
200
III
acicular
ferrite
Hardness HV
600
Interaction of MAE
during hot strip processing
150
3 K/s
Rolling Direction
40
DDQ, globular
30
DDQ, pancake
20
HSLA
10
DDQ, rimmed
Normal Direction
125
400
0
200
400
600
Coiling temperature in C
122
Ti
244
Al
490
10-5
10-4
10-3
mass contents, %
980
10-2
Cumulative frequency, %
10
grain size, m
Nb
Cr
20
99
60
Cold strip, batch annealed
Mo
18
11
16
8
10
14
12
Hot strip grain size, m
97.5
HSLA(Nb)
IF(Ti)
Ak(Ti)
Ak
84
50
16
2.5
1
batch annealing
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Grain size, m
as cast
microstructure
transformation
grain growth
precipitation
dynamic and static
recristallisation
precipitation
reduction of precipitation
hardening
800
fully
recrystallized
750
Reheating
temperature-time-cycle
Hot Rolling
static Rex.
grain growth
precipitation
transformation
partially recrystallized
700
650
600
process parameters
cooling rate
850
0,01
0,02
0,03
temperature-time-cycle
deformation degree and deformation rate
pass sequence
Coiling
static Rex.
grain growth
precipitation
0,04
0,05
cooling rate
coiling temperature
Hot strip
microstructure
ng
lli n
ro tio
l d uc
co ed
r
Annealing temperature, C
600
Cold strip
microstructure
metallurgical
processes
in the material
Nb-content,%
Influences on the
microstructure development
Electrogalvanised
cold strip
Hot dip
galvanised
cold strip
IS
HSLA
DP
TRIP
CP/PM
Hot dip
galvanised
strip
BH
Electrogalvanised
hot rolled
strip
IF-HS
HSS
Hot rolled
strip
Cold rolled
strip
Outline
1200
AHSS
PM1000, PM800, TRIP700Z, HT500X
1000
800
HSS
HT340LA, H260P, H260YD,
H260B, H250G1, H180B
600
400
DDQ
DC04, DC06
200
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
True strain
Source:
Conclusions