Alexandria University

Faculty of Engineering
Dept. of Architecture

Postgraduate Studies:

Development of the urban environment

Definitions in urban environment

Preparation;

Abdalla M. Benmahmod
Supervision;

Pro. Mohamed Abdulaaly

2012 - 2013

Definitions in urban development

1 Environment;
Environment in its broad public framework is the biosphere, which includes
living organisms from humans and animals and plants and all that surrounds
them air, water, soil and what they contain solids or liquid or gaseous or
radiation and fixed and moving installations and mobile hosted by the human,
and the term environment associated concept overall pattern relationship
between them and among its users, there is the natural and urban
environment, health, social and cultural rights.

2 Urban environment;
Urban environment know as the built environment or constructed by manmade and the award of bases and the formation of its components consist
urban environment of blocks constructivism differ in terms of form and
function and construction, which represents the structure and walls of the city
and must be of architectural style distinctive to suit their design and cladding
materials with the surrounding environment, and linking these blocks
(buildings), roads and footpaths, and punctuated by a range of fields and
spaces and open spaces, which represents the city's public life and is a very
important element for the optical image.

3 Development;
Is the process of using all the resources and available and possible facilities
of natural, economic and human possibilities which aimed to welfare of the
people in the biosphere in which they live, and the success of the
development process must be carried out within the framework of a
comprehensive plan based on the integration between the three forms of
development, economic, social and urban development.

4 - Urban Development;
Is the process of improving the environment of urban and provision of basic
needs and represented in housing, employment and public services to the
community and the elements of communication networks and infrastructure as
part of the determinants place and controls social and cultural values and
resources available without collision with the natural environment or waste of
resources, and urban development is of great significance within the
community where considered the main engine for many other economic
activities and industries related to building and construction and architecture,
and first rank in the volume of investments.

5 - Urban communities:
This is called a place where the housing and buildings gather and where
people live in stability and security, regardless of the size and style of living,
customs and traditions do, and is it achieving different human needs of
housing , employment , entertainment and education, etc., and urban
communities are classified to rural and urban, and make a pyramid its peak
the highest degree in the existing urban communities, which often city of the
territory, and the base of the pyramid are the least rank of gatherings group.

6 - Urban;
There is opinion that this word depends on the quality of stability in the
meaning that it covers the city and countryside and the existence of the state
of stability with change and different functions and features but usual to talk
about the city as urban and urban planning is sometimes called Town
Planning,
There are included in the urban moves to the semi-urban: which is the area
between the countryside and the city and combines the advantages of the
countryside and the city and become random in Third World cities, and the
countryside; which called Rural or Village, and called in England the English
countryside.

7 - Settlement;
Also called a colony and is the presence and stability place for large contrary
to moving nomads in pursuit of rain which the quality of their shelter is
unstable (shelter roving or surfed), and these patterns of movement formulate
human form In the first case assembly is static, and in the second assembly
moving.

8 - Village;
Is the highest degree of urban units in rural urban and contains services such
as primary school, post office and some other services, which are built-up
area and population size bigger than manor, which is smaller units in rural
urban, and the most important activities in the village are agriculture, herding
and fishing, and the villages divided to affiliated villages which smaller, and
major villages, which nearest urbanization and increase of services.

9 Town;
The town considered the slightest level of urbanization, which is the link
between rural and urban areas, and the main town function is to provide
services for smaller rural communities, unlike the city that the basis of

classification is census jobs, and there is confusion between the two terms
between America and Britain, we find that it often called expression (city) in
America on the so-called (town) in Britain.

10 - City;
The city is canonical name since ancient times for any urban agglomeration,
which derives its existence from the presence of a group of people in one
place a particular, takes his character kind of activity or career practiced by
these people and who they have to condition stability and urbanization, and
non-displacement and transformation.
The city is the largest urban centers, both in terms of population or built-up
area or multiple jobs, and considered the city over the centuries a place of
work and rest, safety and a forum for toast social intermingle where all
intellectual creations and thrive science, literature and the arts, a system
tissue of social relations, cultural and economic, political and administrative
complex and derive city strength from strength and coherence of this tissue,
where we see that the poor economic conditions of the population having a
negative impact on the social structure, as well as the associated economic
life of the population by providing essential services to them when unable city
for providing these services residents have to leave, and when there is not
adequate health housing ,appear slums and tin shacks and stand out the
problems of traffic , pollution , psychological crises and distractions, and this
means that the city did not reach the level of urbanism and lacks good urban
planning.
Has been known (KINGSLEY DAVIS) city as not only that environment
experienced by the human problems of pollution like smoke and dust and the
noise, but is the social system which represents the movement of goods and
human primary function to it, cities grow and change in his opinion when
changing the transport system, and it must planned to draw attention to the
transport system because it determines the form and structure of the urban .
While (GALLION) has cared aspects of economic and social when
considered that the city is locations preparing the opportunities for the
diversity of life and events, hence the population enjoy their relationships
social through their proximity to each other through the exercise of their
diverse, and so the city by his opinion is that space from the space where the
population is concentrated whose lives depend on the availability of economic
resources in that space, and the investment provides them with jobs and the
sustainability of life. So, the city is a center of industry, management and
provides a wide range of areas of trade and cultural exchange.
GOADALL added new trend when he looked to the city as a space which
meets the population and the multiple events that characterized as densely

populated with constant contact of the land constructed, with the increase in
the percentage of workers in the industrial and service sectors.

11 - Urbanism (urban fabric of the city):

Analyzed (GIBSON) urban fabric of the city being a number of urban blocks
in which the multiple events from the specific human groups are playing these
events within the space spatial specific organized it uses the ground so that
facilitated the exchange of goods and services within the boundaries of this
space and outside and so it was considered (GIBSON) the physical
dimension of urban spaces the foundation on which it was used in the
analysis of the urban fabric of any metropolitan area.

12 - Planning;
Is scientific method, which aims to provide solutions or alternatives solutions
for the current and projected problems of the community as part of an
organized plan of policy and clear goals, during the specified period of time,
taking into account the possibilities and resources as well as the determinants
current or future, whether human or natural, and planning must be
comprehensive and flexible and going where you can modify the course by
time, and is intended to scale national plan be followed by the community
during a certain period in order to achieve comprehensive development.

13 Sites Planning:
determine the sites , structural spaces and densities of cities and urban
agglomerations and make urban planning includes groups of people in a area
of land within a specific period of time available to them all the needs and
requirements that make this place a good place to fit their lives and stability.

14 - Urban Planning:
Known urban planning as a process to regulate and coordinate land use so as
not to conflict occurs between them lead to negative effects, and planning
road network in order to reach the network of economic and quick and easy,
as well as planning suburbs sites and new towns, and re-planning and renew
neighborhoods underdeveloped urban, and improve the environment in
general and the built environment in particular. And urban planning aimed at
the overall organization of cities and incentives in order to provide true and
complete conditions for a person to live, produce and interest.

15 - Urban Design:
It is design of the planning spaces for example, urban planning determines
that the city center is placed somewhere comes urban design to form voids
and spaces and architectural design for the design of these spaces from the
inside.

16 - Plan;
It is the graphics package that contains all human uses in the city and also
plan determines human activities in the city, and these activities determine the
places of residence on the plan carefully.

17 - Master plan;
Knows the general plan according to the law of urban planning: that outline
that guides the process of urban development and describes the major use of
the land from residential, commercial, industrial services and transportation,
etc., and organize facilities, buildings and public spaces within the city while
maintaining the aesthetics in order to provide healthy and safe environment to
function properly perfectly.

18 Urban organization;
It how to exploit and conduct urban field consisting of side real estate that is
the basis construction, is the embodiment urban organization by regulatory
instruments which consist of configuration and reconstruction, local urban
organization subject to the overall strategy and that is to utilities major
economic state, and the goal of urban organization is rational urban
management and exploitation of urban area in the best possible way.

19 - Urban initialization
Urban initialization is the management of natural, human, economic, financial
and technical professional goals within an area for a strategy job and basic
developmental, and the urban initialization aimed to change and improve the
distribution of the population and professions somewhere, has been known
Claudius Petit in 1950 urban development as (is to search the geographical
framework for France better distribution of the population by natural sources
and economic activities).