The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) is the main

international convention covering prevention of pollution of the marine environment by ships from
operational or accidental causes.
The MARPOL Convention was adopted on 2 November 1973 at IMO. The Protocol of 1978 was
adopted in response to a spate of tanker accidents in 1976-1977. As the 1973 MARPOL
Convention had not yet entered into force, the 1978 MARPOL Protocol absorbed the parent
Convention. The combined instrument entered into force on 2 October 1983. In 1997, a Protocol
was adopted to amend the Convention and a new Annex VI was added which entered into force
on 19 May 2005. MARPOL has been updated by amendments through the years.
The Convention includes regulations aimed at preventing and minimizing pollution from ships both accidental pollution and that from routine operations - and currently includes six technical
Annexes. Special Areas with strict controls on operational discharges are included in most
Annexes.
Annex I Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil (entered into force 2 October
1983)
Covers prevention of pollution by oil from operational measures as well as from accidental
discharges; the 1992 amendments to Annex I made it mandatory for new oil tankers to have
double hulls and brought in a phase-in schedule for existing tankers to fit double hulls, which was
subsequently revised in 2001 and 2003.
Annex II Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in
Bulk (entered into force 2 October 1983)
Details the discharge criteria and measures for the control of pollution by noxious liquid
substances carried in bulk; some 250 substances were evaluated and included in the list
appended to the Convention; the discharge of their residues is allowed only to reception facilities
until certain concentrations and conditions (which vary with the category of substances) are
complied with.
In any case, no discharge of residues containing noxious substances is permitted within 12 miles
of the nearest land.
Annex III Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form
(entered into force 1 July 1992)
Contains general requirements for the issuing of detailed standards on packing, marking,
labelling, documentation, stowage, quantity limitations, exceptions and notifications.
For the purpose of this Annex, harmful substances are those substances which are identified as
marine pollutants in the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code) or which
meet the criteria in the Appendix of Annex III.

Annex IV Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships (entered into force 27 September
2003)
Contains requirements to control pollution of the sea by sewage; the discharge of sewage into the
sea is prohibited, except when the ship has in operation an approved sewage treatment plant or
when the ship is discharging comminuted and disinfected sewage using an approved system at a
distance of more than three nautical miles from the nearest land; sewage which is not
comminuted or disinfected has to be discharged at a distance of more than 12 nautical miles from
the nearest land.
In July 2011, IMO adopted the most recent amendments to MARPOL Annex IV which are
expected to enter into force on 1 January 2013. The amendments introduce the Baltic Sea as a
special area under Annex IV and add new discharge requirements for passenger ships while in a
special area.
Annex V Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships (entered into force 31 December
1988)
Deals with different types of garbage and specifies the distances from land and the manner in
which they may be disposed of; the most important feature of the Annex is the complete ban
imposed on the disposal into the sea of all forms of plastics.
In July 2011, IMO adopted extensive amendments to Annex V which are expected to enter into
force on 1 January 2013. The revised Annex V prohibits the discharge of all garbage into the sea,
except as provided otherwise, under specific circumstances.

Annex VI Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships (entered into force 19 May 2005)

Sets limits on sulphur oxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from ship exhausts and prohibits
deliberate emissions of ozone depleting substances; designated emission control areas set more
stringent standards for SOx, NOx and particulate matter.
In 2011, after extensive work and debate, IMO adopted ground breaking mandatory technical and
operational energy efficiency measures which will significantly reduce the amount of greenhouse
gas emissions from ships; these measures were included in Annex VI and are expected to enter
into force on 1 January 2013.

Kirlilik nleme gelen gemiler (MARPOL) Uluslararas Kongre tarafndan operasyonel

ya da kaza nedenleri gemilerden deniz evre kirliliinin nlenmesi kapsayan ana
Uluslararas Kongre olduunu.
MARPOL szlemesine, IMO, 2 Kasm 1973 tarihinde kabul edilmitir. 1978
Protokol tankeri kazalar yamurundan yant olarak 1976-1977 ylnda kabul
edilmitir. 1973 MARPOL Kongre vard ki henz yrrle giren, st Kongre 1978
MARPOL Protokol emilir. Kombine ara 2 Eyll 1983 tarihinde yrrle
girmitir.1997 ylnda bir protokol kural deitirilmesi iin kabul edildi ve yeni bir ek VI
olan 19 Mays 2005 tarihinde yrrle giren eklendi. MARPOL deiiklikleri yllar
boyunca tarafndan gncelletirildi.
Kongre nlemeye ynelik dzenlemeleri ieren ve kirlilik gemiler - hem kaza kirlilii
ve rutin ilemleri bundan - ve u anda en aza indirerek alt teknik ekleri
ierir.Operasyonel dearj zerinde sk denetim ieren zel alanlar ou eklerinde yer
almaktadr.
Ek (yrrle giren 2 Ekim 1983) petrol kirlilii nleme Ynetmelii
Operasyonel nlemler hem de yanllkla dearj petrol kirliliinin nlenmesi
kapsar;1992 yeni petrol tankerleri iin ift gvdeler zorunlu yaplm ve bir dayanama
getirdii ek deiiklikler daha sonra 2001 ve 2003 revize edilmitir varolan tankerleri
iin ift gvde uyacak ekilde zamanlayn.
Ek II dzenlemeleri kirlilik denetimi tarafndan zehirli sv maddelerin toplu (yrrle
giren 2 Ekim 1983) iin
Dearj ltleri ve kirliliinin kontrol iin tedbirler tarafndan toplu olarak yaplan
zehirli sv maddelerin ayrntl; 250 baz maddelerin deerlendirilmesi ve konferansa
eklenen liste dahil; belirli konsantrasyonlar ve (bu maddeler kategori ile farkl)
koullar karlanm kadar onlarn artklar ve dearj yalnzca alma imkanlar iin izin
verilir.
Ne olursa olsun, hibir Dearj zararl maddeler ieren kalntlarnn en yakn kara
paras 12 mil iinde izin verilir.
Ek III kirlilii nleme tarafndan paketlenmi formu (yrrle giren 1 Temmuz 1992)
deniz yoluyla zararl maddeler tad
Ambalaj, iaretleme, etiketleme, dokmantasyon, istifleme, miktar kstlamalar, zel
durumlar ve bildirimleri zerinde ayrntl standartlar verilmesi genel koullar ierir.
Bu ek amacyla "zararl" hangi Uluslararas Denizcilik tehlikeli mal kodu (IMDG Code)
deniz kirletici olarak tanmlanr ve hangi ek III ek kriterlerini bu maddelerden
maddelerdir.
Annex IV kirlilii nleme (27 Eyll 2003'te yrrle giren) gemi kanalizasyon
tarafndan

Kanalizasyon deniz kirliliinin kontrol iin gereksinimleri ierir; Kanalizasyon dearj

denize gemi ileminde onaylanm kanalizasyon artma tesisi sahip olduunda veya
ne zaman gemiye yakn arazi fazla deniz mili uzaklkta onaylanm bir sistem
kullanarak paralanm ve dezenfekte kanalizasyon boaltma dnda yasaktr;hangi
paralanm veya dezenfekte kanalizasyon, en yakn karadan 12 deniz mili uzaklkta
taburcu olmak vardr.
Temmuz 2011'de, 1 Ocak 2013 yrrle girmesi beklenen en son deiiklikler
MARPOL Annex IV IMO kabul etmitir.Deiiklikler Baltk Denizi Annex IV altnda
zel bir alan olarak tantmak ve yeni dearj gereksinimleri iin zel bir alanda ise
yolcu gemileri ekleyin.
Annex V kirlilii nleme tarafndan p gemileri (31 Aralk, 1988 yrrle girmitir)
p farkl tipleri ile ilgilidir ve arazi ve hangi onlar bertaraf ekilde uzaklklar
belirtir; en nemli zellii ek plastik her trl denizine karmada dayatlan tam yasak
olduunu.
Temmuz 2011 ylnda IMO Annex v 1 Ocak 2013 yrrle girmesi beklenen
kapsaml deiiklikler kabul etmitir. Gzden geirilmi Annex V, aksi halde, belirli
koullar altnda salanan tm p boaltma Denizi hari yasaklar.
Hava kirlilii, ek VI nleme gelen gemiler (19 Mays 2005'te yrrle girmitir)

Gemi egzoz oksit ve azot oksit emisyonlar zerinde kkrt snrlarn ayarlar ve
kastl emisyonu ozon tketen maddelerin yasaklar; SOx, NOx ve Partikler madde
iin belirlenen emisyon kontrol alanlar daha sk standartlar ayarlayn.
2011 ylnda youn bir alma ve tartma, sonra kabul edilen IMO zemin krma
nemli lde sera gaz emisyonlar azaltmak zorunlu teknik ve operasyonel enerji
verimlilii nlemleri gemiler; Bu ller iinde ek VI dahil edildi ve 1 Ocak 2013
yrrle girmesi beklenen.