Geotechnical Engineering examples and solutions using the

cavity expanding theory

(pressuremeters, piles, grouted soil anchors)
Dr. Jzsef Mecsi
Content
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION FOR THE PRESENTED MODEL
An overview of the subject on the international scene
A GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THEORETICAL INVESTIGATIONS
Examination of stress and strain in a cylindrical cavity expanded in a soil half space based on references
Problems of theoretical investigations (as mentioned in specialised literature)
DEFINITIONS OF SOME BASIC TERMS
Stress in soils, density, unit weight of the material, void ratio,
strength and stiffness, volumetric strain
Deformation and strain
Principal stresses in the soil, effective and neutral stresses
Mohr's circle diagram, Coulomb's "fracture-plasticity" or "failure" criteria
Soil stiffness, consolidation
THE SUGGESTED CAVITY EXPANDING THEORY
Basic assumptions
Distinctive characteristics of the model
Application of the Mohr-Coulomb condition
Force equilibriums
Introduction of the non-linear deformability of the soil
Overview of the principal considerations
Relationship between stresses and deformations in the surroundings of an expanded body in the soil
The stress-strain relationship and the deformation modulus of the soil in compaction or expansion
Consideration of the soil volume change
Conditions applied for the model
Determination of the soil pressures at the boundary of the compacted zone (r=)
(Horizontally expanding the vertical cylinder)
Determination of the summarized soil compaction
Examination of the expansion of shrinkage and re-expansion of the process
CYLINDRICAL CAVITY EXPANSION
How does change the stress-strain condition by different radii of the cylinder?
Infinite length vs. finite length problem
EXAMPLES
Example 2.
Example 3.
THE PRESSUREMETER TESTS
Definitions

Basic types of pressuremeter testing

Predrilled pressuremeter tests
Self-boring pressuremeter tests (SBP)
The development of the pressuremeter
Pressuremeter requirements
The tubing system between the probe and the control panel
Requirements
Calibrations
Pressure loss test (P)
Performing a pressuremeter test
Traditional calculations
Calculation of the bearing resistance and se lements
Determination of the soil physical parameters from the pressuremeter curve
Estimation of the soil strength and deformation parameters from the pressuremeter tests
Example 4.
PILE FOUNDATIONS
About piles
Generalities
Classification of piles
Calculating the load bearing capacity of piles
Se lement of single piles
Basic relationships of the cavity expansion, theory for the piles
Determination of the bo om resistance of a pile
Determination of the ultimate bo om resistance of the pile
Example Determination of the pile bo om resistance
Example 5.
The ultimate shaft resistance of the pile
Mobilised of the shaft resistance of the pile
Case A: The relative displacement between the pile and the surrounding soil is smaller than
the displacement necessary for the mobilization of shear strength.
Case B:The relative displacement between the pile and the surrounding soil is bigger than
the displacement necessary for the mobilization of shear strength.
Determination of the shaft resistance of pile (example)
Example 6.
Examples
Example 7.
Example No 7b.
Example No 8.
Example No 8b. Determination of the shaft resistance
GROUND ANCHORAGES
Definitions
Design of Anchors
Theoretical Principles
The initial stress state
Stress state due to injection
Specific pull-out resistance
Determination of the force-elongation diagram of an anchor
Anchor force distribution
Analysis of anchor elongation
Determination of the minimal anchor length
LIST OF SYMBOLS

REFERENCES
APPENDIX
Jzsef MECSI
CONTENT

Geotechnical Collapses
Understanding the problems and finding the solution
CONTENT
PREFACE
CHAPTER 1: TUNNEL COLLAPSES
John Endico
Nicoll Highway Tunnel Collapse, Singapore
Jzsef Mecsi
Some observations on the construction of the M6 Motorway tunnels
CHAPTER 2: FLOOD PROTECTION DIKES
Lszl Nagy
Dike failures statistics in the Carpathian basin
Istvn Laznyi
Treatment of slope failures on flood protection dikes a race against time
Lszl Nagy
Dike Breaches causing Hydraulic Structure Failure
CHAPTER 3: TAILING DAM FAILURES
Jzsef Mecsi
Some technical aspects of an red mud reservoir embankment failure
CHAPTER 4: SURFACE DISPLACEMENTS, STABILITY OF SLOPES
Peter Turek, Monika Sovsk
Influence of groundwater on the stability of slopes
Jzsef Farkas
Surface Displacement Control
CHAPTER 5: FAILURES, DISPUTES, CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS IN
HUNGARIAN GEOTECHNICS
Rbert Szepeshzi
Failures, Disputes, Causes and Solutions in Hungarian Geotechnics
CHAPTER 6: LEGAL PROCESS AND JURISPRUDENCE
Dhirendra S. Saxena (Sax)
Legal Process and Jurisprudence
Gyrgy Gabos
The examination of damage cases through the eyes of a forensic expert
CHAPTER 7: FORENSIC CASE STUDIES IN THE EDUCATION

 THE ETHICAL PERSPECTIVE

Peter Scharle
Forensic case studies in the education The ethical perspective
BIOGRAPHIES
About the book:
This book is a compilation of cases of physical damages, focusing on construction engineering and
essentially demonstrating geotechnical problems, damages and solutions.
The initial base for the collection takes its origin from the content of the workshop organized in
Budapest, September 2010 by ISSMGE TC302, the Forensic Geotechnical Engineering Commi ee
with the title Failures, Disputes, Causes and Solutions in Geotechnics.
This is our aim with this book to teach and give a lesson to practicing engineers, university students
and other related professionals, to give a kind of guidance and generate recognition with the
intention of supporting be er and more professional work, emphasizing the necessity of deeper
understanding and analysis of the direct and indirect reasons, the real nature of damage problems.
However, this compilation is not targeting to show up scapegoats with presumption of
responsibility in any cases mentioned here.